THE  LIBRARY 

OF 
THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 
LOS  ANGELES 


HOW  TO  TEACH  AND  STUDY 


UNITED  STATES  HISTORY 


BY  THE 


BRACE  SYSTEM 


"All  the  facts  of  history  ore-exist  in  the  mind  as  laws.    Each 
law  in  turn  is  made  by  circumstances  predominant."— Emerson. 


BY 

JOHN  TRAINER 


REVISED  EDITION 


A.  FLANAGAN  COMPANY 
CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 


Copyright  1895 

BY 

A.    FLANAGAN. 


Education 
Jjbrary 


CONTENTS. 


FOUNDATION  PRINCIPLES,  •          7 

BEFORE  COLUMBUS,             ....  g 

PERIOD  OF  DISCOVERY.             -            -  •            -11 

COLONIAL  PERIOD,  80 

INTERCOLONIAL  WARS,               «             •  •             -60 

REVOLUTIONARY  PERIOD,                              •  68 

CONSTITUTIONAL  PERIOD,  •             -80 

MORE  QUEER  QUERIES,       •  169 

ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES,             •  .             •  •     195 

REVIEWS,     -             ....  276 

INDIVIDUAL  STATES,      ...  .       287 

INDIVIDUAL  TERRITORIES,                •             •  •             301 

ORIGIN  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  STATES,     •  •             •       805 

NAMES  AND  MOTTOES  OF  STATES,              -  «             808 

BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONABY,                  •  •            -810 

INDEX,          ......  329 


1267945 


FOUNDATION  PRINCIPLES. 


Concepts  and  reasons  are  formed  by  the  power  of  the 
mind  to  judge  or  discriminate  between  thoughts,  conclu- 
sions and  ideas.  The  power  of  association  is  of  most  use  to 
the  memory;  without  this  the  mind  is  unable  to  associate 
ideas,  thoughts,  conclusions,  chronology,  places,  etc.  The 
mind  may  be  stored  with  facts,  figures  and  results,  but  with- 
out association  it  cannot  recall  much  of  value.  History 
repeats  itself  only  as  the  lives  and  actions  of  men  repeat  them- 
selves; the  individual  thinks  in  the  line  of  some  person  on  the 
stage  of  action  in  the  past,  and  acts  accordingly.  A  nation 
does  the  same  thing,  like  results  follow,  and  we  say  history 
repeats  itself.  It  is  but  an  event  emanating  from  the  same 
cause.  Like  causes  produce  like  results. 

The  life  of  the  individual  is  largely  typical  of  the  life  of 
a  nation;  they  are  both  moved  by  pulsating  thought;  men 
reason  upon  common  intei'ests,  just  as  the  individual  does  in 
his  life  work,  until  some  common  interest  moves  the  masses, 
when  an  event  must  follow  as  the  sequence  of  thought. 

A  country  and  its  resources  pave  the  way  for  the  history 
of  a  people.  The  history  of  the  South  American  peoples 
must  necessarily  be  very  different  from  that  of  the  major  part 
of  North  America;  the  products  are  of  widely  different  varie- 
ties, and  affect  the  world  of  civilization  in  a  different  degree. 
The  history  of  South  America  will  not  be  repeated  in  North 
America. 

Correct  thinking  is  produced  by  getting  correct  ideas  of 
the  subject  in  hand,  and  in  their  proper  order.  When 

(vii) 


Vlll  FOUNDATION    PRINCIPLES. 

impressions  are  properly  made  upon  the  mind,  an  idea  is 
formulated  at  once;  ideas  are  represented  by  words,  hence 
thoughts  and  ideas  are  expressed  by  words;  to  express  our 
thoughts  we  must  have  a  good  command  of  words  represent- 
ing our  ideas. 

A  love  of  liberty,  purity,  justice  and  right  is  formed  by 
dwelling  upon  individual  instances  illustrating  these  virtues, 
and  arousing  sympathy  for  the  actions  of  men  who  devote 
th«ir  best  energies,  as  philanthropists,  in  causes  seemingly 
hopeless  at  times.  Books  and  speeches  reciting  instances  of 
such  devotion  are  most  valuable  in  this  connection. 

Some  one  has  said  that,  "interest  and  curiosity  are  the 
waters  of  life."  It  is  interest  that  awakens  the  special  senses, 
and  curiosity  that  leads  on  to  accurate  knowledge.  When 
curiosity  is  satisfied,  the  mind  has  stored  information  which 
the  tongue  and  pen  alone  can  impart. 

A  study  of  the  government  in  the  past,  its  workings,  and 
present  political  issues,  develops  the  citizen  and  patriot  of  the 
future.  Reasoning  from  ideas  of  the  past  will  tend  to  form 
correct  conclusions  in  the  present,  notwithstanding  the  tend- 
ency of  self  interests  to  control  correct  thought. 

The  child  learns  largely  by  imitation;  his  teacher  and  his 
books  should  be  good  story  tellers.  Good  stories  are  told  by 
good  thinking  and  by  good  telling;  good  telling  forces  good 
thinking.  But  few  stories  should  be  read  aloud;  all  stories 
should  be  well  told,  orally  or  from  reading  aloud. 

It  is  an  axiomatic  truth  that  what  we  are  trying  to  realize 
in  the  present  is  what  we  idealize  of  the  past;  hence  we  should 
form  noble  ideals  of  character  and  action.  The  good  in 
man  should  be  remembered  and  perpetuated  by  his  fellows, 
in  song  and  story,  the  bad  should  be  forgotten. 


UNITED  STATES  HISTORY, 

BEFORE  COLUMBUS. 


The  Indians  of  America  and  the  native  races  of  northern 
Asia  are  classed  by  scientists  and  anthropologists  as  belong- 
ing to  the  Mongolian  variety  of  the  human  race;  but  whether 
America  was  originally  peopled  from  Asia,  or  vice  versa,  is  a 
problem  which  has  not  yet  been  definitely  settled.  Columbus 
believed  he  had  reached  India  and  consequently  called  the 
natives  Indians.  Ancient  remains  of  the  works  of  man,  such 
as  the  mounds  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  the  shell  mounds 
along  the  sea-coasts,  the  copper  mines  of  the  Lake  Superior 
country,  numerous  hieroglyphics,  found  over  a  wide  extent  of 
territory,  attest  the  fact  that  our  country  was  once  peopled  by 
a  numerous  and  hardy  race.  The  early  colonists  found  the 
native  Indians  divided  into  tribes,  speaking  separate  lan- 
guages or  dialects.  A  careful  estimate  of  the  Indian  popula- 
tion, made  in  1650,  places  the  numbers  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi as  follows:  The  Algonquins,  90,000;  the  Sioux  or 
Dakotas,  3,000;  the  Hurons,  17,000;  the  Catawbas,  3,000; 
the  Cherokees,  12,000;  the  Uchees,  1,000;  the  Natchez,  4,000; 
and  the  Mobilians,  50,000;  180,000  in  all. 

DEBATABLE  CHRONOLOGY. 

In  432  A.  D.,  Fusang,  supposed  to  be  America,  was  visited 
by  Buddhist  monks  from  China.  They  explored  the  western 
coast  of  British  America  and  the  United  States. 

In  464-499  the  Chinese  year  books  give  an  account  of  the 
explorations  of  Hoeischin  and  his  companions  along  the  coast 
as  far  south  as  San  Bias,  Mexico. 

(9) 


10  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

In  995-1001  Bjami  in  sailing  from  Norway  to  Iceland  is 
driven  by  the  winds  upon  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia  and  coasts 
upon  the  shores  of  Newfoundland  and  Labrador.  They  name 
Newfoundland,  Flatland,  and  Nova  Scotia,  Woodland. 
They  land  on  an  island  near  Cape  Cod  and  make  a  permanent 
camp  at  Mt.  Hope  Bay,  in  Rhode  Island,  naming  the  coun- 
try Vinland.  They  return  to  Norway  in  1001,  loaded  with 
timber  and  grapes. 

In  1003-1005  Thorwald  of  Norway  returns  to  Mt.  Hope 
Bay,  explores  Long  Island  Sound  and  New  York  Harbor; 
finds  a  wooden  shed,  but  no  inhabitants;  has  a  skirmish  with 
the  Esquimaux  (Indians),  kills  eight  of  them  and  is  killed 
himself  and  buried  upon  the  Massachusetts  coast.  The  expe- 
dition returns,  in  1005,  carrying  fruits  and  timber  with  them. 

In  1006,  Thorstein  sails  for  Massachusetts  coast  to  find 
his  brother's  body,  but  failing  in  this  returns  with  a  load  of 
timber. 

In  1007-1010,  Thorfinn,  of  Iceland,  and  Thorvard  sail 
with  three  ships  and  a  colony  of  140  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren, and  winter  at  Buzzard's  Bay.  Suorri,  the  first  Euro- 
pean child  born  in  North  America  is  born  to  Thorfinn  and 
his  wife  Gudrid.  The  winter  proving  severe,  ten  of  the 
company  start  back  and  are  lost  or  made  slaves  in  Ireland. 
The  others  settle  at  Mt.  Hope.  They  are  attacked  by 
Esquimaux  (Indians)  at  different  times  and  finally  return  with 
two  boy  prisoners,  to  Greenland,  in  1010. 

In  1011-1012  two  ships,  manned  by  Thorvard  and  Helg, 
sail  with  sixty  men  and  women  to  find  the  huts  built  at  Mt. 
Hope.  Their  followers  quarrel  concerning  the  occupancy  of 
these  buildings,  and  one  party  murders  thirty-seven  of  the 
others;  Freydis,  Thorvard's  wife,  killing  five  of  them  with 
an  ax.  The  survivors  return  in  1012  and  colonization  ideas 
are  abandoned. 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY. 


11 


STUDY  I. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


PERIODS. 


1492-1607 
1607-1775 
1775-1789 
1789- 


PERIOD  OF 


f  Discovery. 
J   Settlement. 
1   Revolution. 
[  Constitution. 


Use  only  so  much  of  the  above  as  you  deem  best  for  your 
classes.  If  they  are  beginners  it  may  be  best  not  to  attempt 
this  until  closing  the  first  period's  history.  When  used,  the 
following  suggestions  will  be  found  helpful: 

Write  the  above  form  on  the  board,  slate,  or  scratch-book, 
and  repeat  until  learned : 

"From  1492  to  1607  is  called  the  Period  of  Discovery; 
from  1607  to  1775  is  called  the  Period  of  Settlement,"  etc. 

QUESTIONS. — Why  do  we  adopt  the  date  1492  as  a 
beginning  for  the  time  of  a  Period?  Why  do  we  divide  the 
study  of  U.  S.  History  into  Periods?  How  many  and  what 
Periods?  From  what  is  each  named? 

Write  the  form.  Re-write  it.  Erase  and  write  it  again, 
until  thoroughly  learned. 

1.  PERIOD  OF  DISCOVERT. 


1492 
1493 
1498 
1502 
1497 
1499 


BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

Columbus 

Cabots 
Vespucci 


San  Salvador. 

Isabella. 

S.  America. 

Cent.  America. 
Cape  Breton. 
America. 


Write  the  form  and  repeat,    "In  1492  Columbus  discov- 
ered San  Salvador;  in   1493  Columbus  founded  Isabella  on 


12  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Hayti  Island;  in  1498  Columbus  discovered  South  America, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  River,"  etc.  Begin  the  state- 
ment with  "  In",  and  simply  make  the  best  sentence  to  tell 
what  was  done. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Tell  the  story  of  Columbus's  boyhood. 
2.  Of  his  trials  and  triumphs  in  securing  aid  to  carry  out  his 
undertakings.  3.  Of  his  first  voyage.  4.  Of  his  subsequent 
voyages.  5.  Tell  all  about  the  Cabots,  and  what  they  did. 
6.  Ditto  Vespucci. 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

1.  What  did  Columbus  do  with  the  $70  which  Queen 
Isabella  sent  him? 

2.  How  many  and  what  countries  did  he  visit  to   secure 
aid  in  fitting  out  his  vessels? 

3.  What  did  "  Old  King  John  "  do  when   he  applied  to 
him  for  aid? 

4.  Where  did  Columbus  think  the  Orinoco  had  its  source? 

5.  How  many  times  was  he  buried?     Where  is  his  grave 
now?     Locate  the  place? 

6.  What  did  he  make  out  of  the  Santa  Maria? 

7.  What  did  the  Cabots  take  to  England  with  them? 

8.  Why  was  not  the  continent  called  Columbia? 

9.  What  was  the  German  geographer's  name  who  pub- 
lished the  first  account  of  the  New  World? 

10.  Who  first  saw  the  land  from  Columbus's  vessel? 

REVIEW. 

1.  Write  the  form  for  the  Periods. 

2.  For  the  Three  Great  Discoverers. 

3.  For  tracing  Columbus. 

4.  Write  an  account  of  Columbus's  second  voyage. 

5.  Tell  the  story  of  Columbus  and  the  egg. 

6.  Make  out  a  skeleton  to  represent  the  Periods,  thus: 


PEEIOD    OF    DISCOVERY.  13 
tO  — 


PERIODS. 


Fill  the  blanks  orally,  then  by  writing  the  Key-words. 

7.  Make  blank  skeletor  for  the  Three  Great  Discoverers 
and  fill  in  same  manner. 

8.  Write  a  short  paragraph  about  the  Cabots. 

REMARKS. — Tell  nothing  in  the  language  of  the  author. 
Use  your  own  language.  Talk  and  write  independently. 

NOTE. — History  may  be  divided  into  sacred,  profane,  mil- 
itary, political,  social,  educational,  ancient,  medieval,  mod- 
ern, etc.  Classify  above  under  the  Brace  and  define  each 
term.  It  is  best  to  use  but  one  or  two  terms  each  day  until 
all  are  well  understood.  Use  the  dictionary. 


14  UNITED    STATES    HISTOEY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


The  lives  of  prominent  actors,  both  male  and  female, 
in  our  country's  history,  should  be  carefully  and  diligently 
studied.  Much  harm  may  be  done  the  pupil  in  requiring  too 
much  in  too  short  a  time.  But  little  work  should  be  done 
daily,  in  this  direction,  but  that  should  be  well  done. 

Suppose  you  have  just  read  a  sketch  of  Columbus,  from 
the  cyclopaedia,  or  some  other  reference  book,  and  that  you 
desire  to  give  the  pulpil  an  outline  for  the  study  of  this  man. 
As  you  read  you  will  develop  some  such  form  as  the  follow- 
ing: 

f  Date  and  Place  of  Birth. 
Boyhood.      -I   A  Student  at  Pavia. 
A  Sailor  at  Fourteen. 


a 


o 
O 


An  Adventurer. 


A  Map-Maker. 


Manhood.      -[   Concludes  the  World  is  Round. 
j  Voyages  of  Discovery. 
Date  and  Place  of  Death. 


When  this  is  settled  upon,  it  should  be  placed  upon  the 
blackboard  or  in  some  manner  furnished  the  pupil  for  refer- 
ence. It  is  an  excellent  plan  to  have  it  copied  in  the  note  books 
of  the  class,  in  the  best  way  suggested  to  the  teacher.  When 
all  have  it  copied  a  limit  should  be  placed  upon  its  discus- 
sion at  the  recitation;  in  the  case  of  Columbus  and  some 
other  personage,  connected  with  our  nation's  history,  there 
are  too  many  prominent  events  to  be  crowded  into  one  short 
lesson;  his  "  boyhood  "  and  first  voyage  of  discovery  are 
quite  enough  for  this;  the  other  voyages  will  be  enough  for 
another  lesson,  when  combined  with  the  regular  history  lesson. 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY.  J5 

After  a  study  of  the  individual  upon  this  or  some  other 
plan,  require  written  sketches  upon  the  subject  in  hand. 

NOTE: — The  following  is  the  work  of  a  pupil  selected 
from  a  Final  Examination  held  at  Decatur,  Illinois,  in  1885. 
It  is  but  average,  from  a  class  of  one  hundred  and  eighty, 
obtained  at  the  same  time,  and  serves  to  illustrate  our  pur- 
pose. JVo  changes  are  made  in  the  manuscript,  but  the  dates 
of  the  months  are  added. 

The  pupils  entering  this  examination  represented  the 
work  of  over  one  hundred  teachers  who  had  followed  the 
plan  here  recommended. 

"CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBUS,  Discoverer,  1435-1506. 

Christopher  Columbus  was  born  about  1435,  in  Genoa, 
Italy,  upon  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

In  early  boyhood  he  desired  to  become  a  seaman,  and  was 
sent  by  his  father,  fora  short  time,  to  the  University  of  Pa  via, 
a  city  in  northern  Italy,  and  founded  by  Charlemagne  in  774. 
Here  he  studied  the  necessary  sciences  and  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen made  his  first  voyage,  sailing  up  the  Mediterranean,  and 
continuing  in  the  employ  of  navigators  until  1470,  when  he 
visited  Lisbon,  Portugal,  probably  attracted  to  that  place  by 
the  zeal  of  Prince  Henry  in  the  pursuit  of  geographical 
knowledge.  Here  he  met  many  eminent  scholars  and  soon 
became  interested  in  the  theories  concerning  the  shape  of  the 
earth.  While  in  Lisbon  he  met  and  married  Dona  Felippa 
Perestrello,  the  daughter  of  a  deceased  navigator,  thereby 
coming  into  possession  of  numerous  maps  and  charts  of  his 
father-in-law  and  bearing  upon  the  then  navigable  waters  as 
known  at  that  time.  While  he  had  concluded  that  it  was 
possible  for  the  world  to  be  round,  he  was  now  convinced  of 
this  fact,  and  believed  it  to  be  about  eight  thousand  miles  in 
circumference,  and  that  by  sailing  westward  it  was  possible 
to  reach  Asia.  About  this  time  he  laid  his  plans  before  the 


16  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

court  of  Portugal  and  perhaps  the  governments  of  Venice 
and  Genoa,  but  effected  nothing.  His  brother  Bartholomew 
was  sent  to  negotiate  with  Henry  VII,  of  England,  but  failed 
in  his  mission. 

In  147*7  he  sailed  as  far  north  as  73  degrees  in  the  north- 
ern seas,  passing  Iceland.  In  1484  his  wife  died  at  Lisbon; 
in  company  with  his  son  Diego  he  visited  Salamanca  and 
gained  access  to  Ferdinand  and  Isabella.  Here  he  met  with 
so  much  opposition  from  the  court  leaders  that  he  became 
disheartened  and  set  out  in  February,  1492,  for  France;  but 
through  the  solicitation  of  Louis  de  St.  Angel  and  Alonzo  de 
Quintilla,  Queen  Isabella  sent  a  courier  to  summon  him  to 
court  again.  Arrangements  were  soon  completed  by  Queen 
Isabella  pledging  her  crown  jewels,  which  was  unnecessary, 
as  St.  Angel,  ecclesiastical  treasurer  of  Aragon,  came  for- 
ward with  a  loan  to  defray  the  expenses. 

April  17,  1492,  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  signed  the  agree- 
ment which  made  Columbus  admiral  of  the  fleet  and  viceroy 
of  all  the  lands  discovered.  It  was  also  stipulated  that  one- 
tenth  of  all  valuable  substances  found  in  the  expedition 
should  be  reserved  for  him  and  that  he  should  receive  one- 
eighth  of  the  profits  whenever  he  chose  to  assume  one-eighth 
of  the  cost. 

April  30,  1492,  a  letter  of  privilege  was  signed  by  the 
monarchs,  which  authorized  Columbus  and  his  descendants  to 
use  the  title  Don  in  signing  instruments  of  writing. 

August  3,  1492,  Columbus  sailed  from  the  Roads  of  Saltes, 
near  Palos,  Spain,  before  sunrise  on  Friday  with  three  vessels 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty  persons,  ninety  of  which  were 
well  trained  mariners.  Columbus  commanded  the  Santa 
Maria;  Martin  Alonzo  Pinzon,  the  Pinta,  and  his  brother, 
Vincente  Yanez  Pinzon,  the  Nina;  a  third  brother,  Francisco 
Martin  Pinzon,  was  pilot  on  board  the  Pinta;  the  Pinzons 
had  furnished  the  Nina  at  their  own  cost,  thus  providing  one- 
eighth  of  the  whole  cost. 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY. 

August  9,  1492,  the  Canaries  were  reached  and  the  Pinta 
repaired. 

September  6,  1492,  the  unknown  sea  was  entered  and  the 
prows  of  the  vessels  were  turned  to  the  west. 

September  13,  1492,  Columbus  noticed  the  variation  of 
the  needle  from  the  North  Star,  but  managed  to  keep  the 
knowledge  from  the  pilots  for  several  days.  When  these  ad- 
venturers learned  of  this  a  mutiny  sprung  up  which  cost  the 
admiral  much  labor  and  anxiety  to  quell. 

September  21,  1492,  the  little  fleet  entered  the  mass  of 
floating  seaweed,  known  as  the  Sargasso  Sea,  which  lies  in 
the  center  of  the  North  Atlantic  system  of  currents  near  the 
Azores.  An  area  of  almost  motionless  sea,  larger  than 
France,  is  covered  with  several  varieties  of  seaweed,  prin- 
cipally Sargassum  bacciferum  and  Macrocystis  pyrifera,  the 
latter  having  stems  a  thousand  or  fifteen  hundred  feet  long, 
and  as  large  as  a  man's  finger. 

October  12,  1492,  Rodrigro  Triana,  a  watch,  first  saw  a 
light  upon  some  shore,  and  at  about  two  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing Columbus  was  convinced  that  there  was  land  near  at  hand. 
In  the  morning  the  commanders  went  ashore  and  took  posses- 
sion of  the  land  in  the  name  of  the  King  and  Queen,  naming 
it  San  Salvador. 

The  navigators  then  explored  to  the  south  naming  several 
small  islands. 

October  28,  1492,  Cuba  was  discovered  and  named. 

December  6,  1492,  Hayti  was  discovered  and  named  His- 
paniola  or  Little  Spain. 

December  24,  1492,  the  Santa  Maria  was  wrecked  upon 
the  shoals  near  Hayti  and  a  fort  was  built  of  her  material. 
Her  stores  were  saved  from  the  wreck. 

January  4,  1493,  Columbus  left  thirty-nine  men  at  La 
Navidad,  built  from  the  Santa  Maria,  and  set  sail  for  Spain 
in  the  Nina 


18  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

March  4,  1493,  Columbus  arrived  off  the  mouth  of  the 
Tagus,  Portugal,  and  sent  a  courier  to  the  court  of  Spain. 

March  14,  1493,  Columbus  reached  Palos,  and  was  re- 
ceived with  acclamations  of  honor  and  much  favor. 

May  25,  1493,  the  former  contract  and  agreement  between 
Columbus  and  his  sovereigns  were  renewed  and  affirmed  with 
the  additional  title  of  governor.  At  this  time  jealous  persons 
began  to  envy  him  his  honors  and  caused  him  trouble  as  long 
as  he  lived. 

September  25,  1493,  Columbus  sailed  from  Cadiz,  with 
three  ships  and  fourteen  light  caravels,  laden  with  fifteen 
hundred  men  and  many  domestic  animals,  together  with  seeds 
and  implements  necessary  to  a  new  colony. 

November  3,  1493,  Columbus  discovered  the  Caribbean 
Islands  and  landed  at  several  of  them,  having  a  fight  with  the 
natives  at  Guadaloupe. 

November  27,  1493,  the  fleet  reached  La  Navidad,  Hayti, 
and  found  the  fort  completely  destroyed  and  the  occupants 
missing. 

May  3,  1494,  Columbus  discovered  and  named  Jamaica. 

March  10,  1496,  Columbus  left  Hayti  and  arrived  at 
Cadiz,  Spain,  June  11,  having  been  in  the  New  World  since 
1493. 

May  30,  1498,  Columbus  left  Barrameda,  Spain,  with  six 
vessels,  upon  his  third  voyage,  and  on  July  31,  1498, 
discovered  and  named  the  island  of  Trinidad,  off  the  mouth 
of  the  Orinoco. 

August  1,  1848,  he  discovered  the  mainland  of  South 
America  and  shortly  after  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco. 

August  23,  1500,  Columbus  was  arrested  upon  false  charges 
and  sent  to  Spain  in  irons,  reaching  the  court  of  that  country 
November  23  of  the  same  year.  He  was  soon  released  as  the 
charges  were  not  sustained. 

May  9,  1502,  Columbus  made  his  fourth  voyage, with  four 


PEBIOD    OF   DISCOVERY.  19 

hundred  and  fifty  men,  for  the  purpose  of  finding  a  supposed 
strait  south  of  Cuba.  It  was  not  known  at  this  time  that 
Cuba  was  an  island.  August  14,  he  discovered  Cape  Hon- 
duras and  September  14,  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios.  After  an  at- 
tempt to  plant  a  colony  on  the  mainland  at  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama  he  beached  his  vessels  on  the  coast  of  Jamaica.  In 
June,  1504,  he  went  to  San  Domingo  in  vessels  sent  to  his  re- 
lief and  from  there,  September  12,  1504,  he  sailed  for  Spain, 
arriving  at  San  Lucor,  November  7. 

May  25,  1505,  Columbus  visited  Ferdinand  and  solicited 
the  restoration  of  his  rights  and  privileges;  the  monarch  gave 
little  heed  to  his  importunities  and  soon  banished  him  from 
his  presence. 

May  20,  1506,  Columbus,  who  had  given  mankind  a  New 
World,  died  in  poverty  and  neglect  at  Valladolid,  aged  about 
seventy  years.  He  lived  a  consistent  Catholic  through  all  his 
trials  and  loyally  connected  all  his  enterprises  with  the  faith 
of  hie  heart." 


20  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JOHN  CABOT'S  name  first  occurs  in  the  Archives  of  Venice; 
married  there  and  had  a  family  of  three  sous;  receives  a 
charter  from  Henry  VII  to  explore  unknown  lands,  believed 
to  be  in  the  west,  March  5,  1496;  May,  1497,  he  and  his 
sou  Sebastian  discover  Labrador;  February,  1498,  receives  a 
commission  to  make  another  voyage  but  never  makes  it;  is 
now  lost  sight  of,  and  where  he  died  or  what  became  of  him 
is  not  known  to  this  day. 

After  reading  the  above,  in  connection  with  any  reference 
at  hand,  re-arrange  it  in  paragraphs,  and  have  it  read  to  the 
class.  It  is  a  good  exercise  to  select  some  prominent  person- 
age as  you  advance  and  treat  in  like  manner. 

SEBASTIAN  CABOT,  born  in  Venice;  with  his  father,  when 
Labrador  was  discovered,  coasted  as  far  south  as  Chesapeake 
Bay;  on  the  death  of  Henry  VII  is  called  to  Spain  and  be- 
comes an  officer  in  the  court  of  Ferdinand;  in  October,  1547, 
is  called  to  England  by  Edward  VI  and  enters  his  employ  at 
court;  becomes  a  pensioner  for  a  time,  is  lost  to  mankind; 
where  he  died  is  also  a  mystery. 

Read  the  references  and  re-arrange  the  above  into  distinct 
paragraphs. 

AMERIGO  VESPUCCI,  born  hi  Florence,  Italy,  March  9,  1451 , 
met  Columbus  at  Seville  and  heard  his  story  of  the  discov- 
eries; in  1499  accompanied  Ojeda  as  navigator  and  geog- 
rapher upon  a  voyage  of  exploration;  in  1500  he  wrote  a 
letter  to  one  of  the  Medici  of  Florence,  detailing  his  observa- 
tions; this  was  not  found  until  1745  when  it  was  published 
by  Bandini.  After  writing  several  letters  descriptive  of  what 
he  had  seen,  one  of  them  fell  into  the  hands  of  Waldsee- 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY.  21 

Muller,  a  geographer  of  Freiburg,  who  published  it,  and 
called  the  new  country  Araerici  Terra  as  early  as  1507;  he 
died  in  Seville,  Spain,  February  22,  1512. 

Arrange  in  paragraphs,  omitting  anything  not  deemed 
essential. 

JUAN  PONCE  DE  LEON,  born  in  Leon,  Spain,  about  1460; 
accompanied  Columbus  on  his  second  voyage  in  1493;  was 
commander  of  an  expedition  to  Porto  Rico,  1508-1509;  ruled 
it  till  removed;  March  3,  1513,  visited  the  Bahamas, 
and  April  2,  1513,  discovered  Florida,  which  he  named; 
cruised  several  months  in  the  vicinity  of  Florida,  search- 
ing for  a  fabled  spring  of  perpetual  youth;  did  he  find  it? 
wounded  by  a  poisoned  arrow  and  died  in  Cuba,  1521. 

Paraphrase  into  one  or  two  sentences,  after  a  study  of  the 
subject  from  other  references. 

VASCO  NUNEZ  DE  BALBOA,  born  in  Caballeros,  Spain, 
1475;  to  escape  his  creditors  took  passage  to  Hispaniola  and 
subsequently  joined  an  expedition  to  the  Isthmus  of  Darien; 
discovered  the  Pacific  from  a  high  hill,  erected  a  cross  upon 
the  latter  and  waded  into  the  former,  taking  possession  in  the 
name  of  Spain;  was  beheaded  by  his  father-in-law,  Davilla, 
at  Castilla  de  Ovo,  Darien,  in  1517,  on  account  of  jealousy. 

Read  collateral  references,  compare,  and  arrange  in  one  or 
more  paragraphs. 

FERDINAND  MAGELLAN,  believed  to  have  been  born  in 
Opo'rto,  Spain,  about  1470;  served  with  distinction  in  the 
Portuguese  navy,  explored  the  Rio  de  la  Plata  river  and  win- 
tered in  Patagonia  in  1520;  passed  through  the  Straits  of 
Magellan  in  1520;  discovered  numerous  groups  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific,  but  was  finally  killed  on  the  island  of  Mactan  by 
the  natives  in  1521;  as  one  of  his  vessels  returned  to  Spain  by 
way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  he  may  be  considered  as  the 
first  circumnavigator  of  the  globe. 


22  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Treat  as  directed  in  the  preceding. 

FERNANDO  DE  SOTO,  born  at  Caballeros,  Spain,  1496,  of 
a  noble  but  poor  family;  spent  several  years,  at  the  expense  of 
Pedrarias  Davilla  (who  afterward  beheaded  Balboa)  in  one 
of  the  universities,  where  he  acquired  a  good  knowledge  of 
literature;  in  1519  he  accompanied  his  benefactor  to  Darien, 
where  he  was  made  governor;  left  the  employ  of  Davilla, 
visited  Peru  as  a  conqueror  and  soldier,  became  worth  $500,- 
000  in  gold  by  forcibly  taking  it  from  the  Incas,  returned  to 
Spain,  married  Davilla's  daughter,  thus  becoming  the  brother- 
in-law  of  Balboa;  undertook  by  permission  of  the  king  to 
find  a  rich  country  in  the  interior  of  the  United  States;  after 
several  battles  with  the  Indians,  discovered  the  Mississippi 
river  and  died  of  a  fever  upon  its  banks,  and  was  buried  in  its 
waters  in  1542.  His  followers  wandered  down  the  "  Father 
of  Waters,"  and  finally  returned  to  Cuba,  where  his  poor  wife 
died  the  third  day  after  hearing  of  his  sad  fate. 

The  subject  is  an  excellent  one  for  collateral  reading,  as 
his  life  was  filled  with  adventure  and  ambition,  commendable 
to  a  limited  extent,  yet  exhibiting  the  better  impulses  of  the 
heart  upon  certain  occasions. 

Treat  as  directed  in  the  sketch  of  Columbus. 

PEDRO  MELENDEZ,  birthplace  not  known,  but  supposed  to 
be  in  Castile,  Spain;  commissioned  to  burn  and  destroy  all 
French  Protestant  settlements  in  America;  massacres  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-two  of  the  Lutheran  French  settlers  in  Florida, 
sparing  neither  women  or  children;  founds  St.  Augustine, 
August  28,  1565;  returns  to  Spain  and  is  sent  to  America  to 
avenge  the  French  retaliatory  massacre  of  the  Spaniards; 
where  and  when  he  died  is  not  known,  but  he  left  a  record  as 
the  most  bloodthirsty  religious  zealot  of  his  times. 

JOHN  VERRAZANO,  born  at  Florence,  in  1485;  visited  the 
coast  of  North  America  in  1524,  and  probably  as  early 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY.  23 

as  1508;  turned  corsair  and  captured  Cortez's  treasure 
ship  in  which  he  was  sending  $1,500,000  in  gold  to 
Charles  V  of  Spain,  1522;  captured  by  the  Spanish  fleet 
in  1527,  returned  to  Spain  in  chains  -and  executed  the 
same  year. 

JACQUES  CARTIER,  born  in  St.  Malo,  France,  December  31, 
1494;  visits  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle  and  plants  a  cross  in  Lab- 
rador, in  1534;  returns  and  reports  his  explorations  and  is 
returned  with  more  men  and  vessels;  ascends  the  St.  Lawrence 
to  the  present  site  of  Montreal;  winters  in  the  vicinity,  under- 
going great  hardships;  kidnaps  nine  of  the  Indian  chiefs  and 
takes  them  to  France;  made  two  other  trips  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence; settles  down  at  St.  Malo,  in  1544,  where  he  dies; 
date  not  known. 

DE  MONTS,  born  in  Chantilly,  France,  in  1580;  visited 
the  St.  Lawrence  bay  and  sailed  along  the  coast  to  Maine, 
where  he  wintered;  returned  to  France,  in  1606,  and  was  lost 
sight  of. 

SIR  FRANCIS  DRAKE,  born  in  Devonshire,  England,  prob- 
ably about  1545;  a  sailor  and  owner  of  a  vessel  at  the 
age  of  eighteen;  sells  his  vessel  and  goes  with  Hawkins  to 
Mexico  in  1567;  is  attacked  by  pirates  and  loses  all  his  pos- 
sessions; is  made  commander  of  a  small  fleet,  returns  and 
amasses  a  large  fortune  at  the  expense  of  his  enemies;  re- 
turns to  England  a  hero  and  is  sent  on  an  exploring  voyage ; 
visits  the  South  American  Coast,  passes  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan and  sails  as  far  north  as  California;  returns  by  way  of 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Plymouth,  England,  in  1580; 
fights  the  Spaniards  at  Cartagena  and  other  places,  burns 
San  Antonio  and  St.  Augustine  and  removes  Raleigh's  colony 
in  Virginia;  destroys  one  hundred  Spanish  vessels  in  the 
harbor  of  Cadiz;  was  a  member  of  Parliament;  commander 
of  a  fleet  in  the  West  Indies;  takes  fever  and  dies,  Decem- 
ber 27,  1595. 


S4  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

PHILIP  AMIDAS,  born  in  Hull,  England,  in  1550;  visits 
the  coast  of  the  United  States  in  1584;  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  English  government  until  his  death  in  1618. 

BARTHOLOMEW  GOSNOLD,  born  in  England,  date  and  place 
not  known;  was  connected  with  Raleigh  in  the  attempted 
colonization  of  Virginia;  sailed  directly  across  the  Atlantic 
to  Massachusetts  in  1602;  tried  to  establish  a  colony  at  Bux- 
zard's  Bay,  but  failing  returned  to  England  with  a  load  of 
cedar,  furs,  and  sassafras  roots;  was  commander  of  an  ex- 
pedition to  Virginia  in  1606;  sickness  and  various  disasters 
cause  fifty  of  the  colonists  to  die,  among  whom  was  Gosnold, 
August  22,  1607. 

HENRY  HUDSON,  born  at  Bristol,  England,  about  1550; 
made  two  or  three  trips  in  search  of  a  northwest  passage 
during  the  years  1607  to  1610;  after  making  numerous  ex- 
plorations a  mutinous  crew  placed  him  and  his  son,  together 
with  seven  others,  upon  a  raft  in  Pludson's  Bay  and  abandoned 
them;  he  was  never  heard  of . 

Treat  the  preceding  subjects  as  recommended  for  the 
others. 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY. 


STUDY  II. 


BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


Spanish.    - 

'  1512—  De  Leon 
1513—  Balboa. 
1520—  Magellan. 
1541—  De  Soto. 

Discoveries 

1565  —  Melendez. 

1524  —  Verrazani. 

of 

French.      - 

1534  —  Cartier. 
1605  —  De  Mouts. 

Nations. 

"  1579—  Drake. 

English. 

.  ,0  .  (  Amidas. 
Io84  •{  ,3     , 
|  Barlow. 

1602  —  Gosnold. 

Dutch.         "  1609—  Hudson. 

DIRECTIONS.  —  1.  Take  De  Leon  as  a  subject,  and  read 
all  your  history  may  say  of  him.  If  other  authors  are  at 
hand  read  their  version  of  the  same  subject.  Finally,  settle 
down  on  the  fact  that  "In  1512  DeLeon  discovered  Florida." 
2.  Treat  the  discoverers  in  order  as  arranged  above,  in  a 
similar  manner.  Do  not  undertake  the  study  of  more  than 
one  or  two  daily.  3.  As  you  proceed  be  sure  to  write  and 
re-write  the  preceding  forms.  4.  Tell  the  story  of  De 
Lecn  and  his  discoveries.  Trace  him  from  place  to  place. 
5.  Ditto  for  each  discoverer.  6.  Locate  each  place  dis- 
covered on  the  map  (i.  e.,  point  out  each  place  and  tell  where 
it  is).  7.  Make  a  list  of  each  group  of  discoverers. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

11.  Why    was    Florida  so  called?     South  Sea?     Pacific 
Ocean?     California?     Virginia? 

12.  What  was  De  Leon  looking  for?      Did  he  find  it? 
Why? 


26  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

13.  Why  did  Balboa  come  to  America? 

14.  Why  did  Melendez  murder  the  French? 

15.  Why  did  Balboa  wade  into  the  ocean? 

16.  Which    discoverer    throve   hogs    before   him    while 
traveling? 

17.  Where  did  De  Soto  leave  his  wife  when  he  traveled 
through  the  South?     Why  was  he  buried  so  often?     Where 
and  how  each  time? 

18.  What  became  of  Magellan?     Drake?     Gosnold? 

19.  Tell  all  you  can  about  curious  Indian  mounds. 

20.  After  whom  should  this  continent  have  been  named? 
Why? 

21.  What  was  the  Astrolabe,  as  used  by  Columbus? 

22.  What  did   Columbus   do  when   he   first  stepped  on 
American  soil? 

23.  What  did  the  Indians  think  the  ships  of  Columbus 
were? 

24.  What  explorer  was  left  on  Hudson's  Bay  to  perish, 
with  his  son  and  four  companions? 

25.  Is  the  chicken  a  native  of    America?     The  turkey? 
The  horse?     The  sheep? 

26.  What  did  Columbus  believe  Hayti  to  be? 

27.  What  is  the  only  marsupial  of  America? 

28.  What   early   explorer   lies  under  a  pair  of  stairs  in 
Quebec? 

29.  What  noted  explorer  lies  in  the  mud  of  the  Missis- 
sippi? 

30.  What  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  States? 

REVIEW. 

9.  Write  about  each  of  the  explorers  in  turn. 

10.  What  part  of  the  United   States  did  each   nation 
claim,  and  why? 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY. 


11.  How  many  and  what  nations  made  discoveries  within 
the  present  boundaries  of  the  United  States? 

12.  Trace  Sir  Francis  Drake  on  his  voyages. 

13.  Who  named  Virginia?     Why  the  right  to  name  it? 

1 4.  Tell  all  you  can  about  tobacco  and  the  potato. 

15.  Trace   Hudson  to    his   abandonment   on    Hudson's 
Bay. 

16.  Which  is  the  oldest  settlement  in  the  United  States? 
In  Canada? 

17.  Name  the  four  great  Indian  tribes.     Where  was  each 
located? 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


Claims.  - 


Spain. 

France. 
Holland. 
England . 


Florida. 
New  Mexico. 
Acadia. 
Canada. 

Mississippi  Valley. 
New  Netherlands. 
N.  Virginia. 
S.  Virginia. 
New  Albion. 


Copy  the  above  form  neatly,  and  carefully  recite;  "  Spain 
claimed  all  the  southeastern  part  of  the  United  States,  under 
the  name  of  Florida,"  and  "  the  southwestern  under  the  name 
of  New  Mexico."  "  France  claimed  the  northeastern  part  of 
the  United  States,  the  northern  (including  Canada)  and  the 
whole  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi  Valley,  under 
the  name  of  Acadia,  Canada,  and  the  Mississippi  Valley." 
"  Holland  claimed  the  territory  extending  from  the  Delaware 
Bay  to  the  Connecticut  Valley,  under  the  name  of  New 
Netherlands."  "England  claimed  all  of  the  southern  part 
of  the  United  States  under  the  name  of  South  Virginia,  and 
the  northern  under  the  name  of  North  Virginia,  and  the 
western  under  the  name  of  New  Albion." 


28  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

REVIEW. 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  map  tell  what  claims  over- 
lapped. 

18.  The  overlapping  of  claims  would  probably  lead  to 
what?     Why  was  New  Albion  so  called?  Virginia?  Florida? 
Acadia?     Canada?     New  Netherlands? 

19.  By  what  right  could  any  nation  claim  a  new  territory 
in  America? 

20.  By  what  right  did  the  Dutch  claim  New  Netherlands? 
The  English,  North  and  South  Virginia  and  New  Albion? 

REMARKS. — The  recitation  should  be  from  the  blackboard 
form,  invariably.  Pupils  should  depend  entirely  upon  the 
memory  in  class  recitation,  i.  e.,  all  books  and  helps  should 
be  laid  aside.  More  or  less  writing  should  be  required  at 
each  recitation.  Be  sure  that  you  can  locate  each  place 
named  in  the  text.  Write  the  preceding  blackboard  forms 
daily  until  learned.  Never  write  them  without  repeating  the 
sentence  for  each  date. 

REVIEW   (WRITTEN). 

Write  with  ink  if  possible.  Be  very  careful  about  the 
spelling  of  proper  names.  Indent  the  first  word  of  each 
paragraph.  After  papers  are  graded  file  them  for  future 
reference. 

21.  Write  a  short  sketch  of  Columbus  and  what  he  did. 

22.  When  and  by  whom  was  Guanahani  discovered?  The 
Mississippi?     How  many  years  had  intervened  from  the  dis- 
covery of  one  to  the  discovery  of  the  other? 

23.  Write   in  order   of  the   time   of   the   discovery    the 
names  of  the  discoverers  adopted  in  the  analysis  (blackboard 
form). 

24.  Tell  the  nationality  of  each  discoverer  and    the  power 
Ae  served.     Tell  the  story  of  De  Leon  and  the  Fountain  of 
Youth. 


PERIOD    OF    DISCOVERY.  20 

25.  Who  were  the  three  great  discoverers? 

26.  Tell   something   that  you  have  read  concerning  the 
early  discoveries  not  found  in  your  text-book. 

27.  What  do  you  think  about  the  real  honor  of  the  name 
America?     Should  it  belong  to  Americus  or  Columbus? 

28.  Did  Columbus  know  that  he  had  discovered  America? 
Where  did  he  die? 


30  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  III. 

COLONIAL  PERIOD. 
BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

(  1607 — Jamestown. 
1610 — Famine. 


Virginia. 


Negroes. 
1620 — Women. 
1622 — Massacre. 
1624— Royal. 
1644 — Massacre. 
1676 — Bacon's  Rebellion. 


f  1607. 

Tr.     .  .  Jamestown. 

Virginia,  j       Eng  Emigranto> 

[      Edward  Wingfield. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  After  reading  all  you  can  find  concern- 
ing the  settlement  of  Jamestown,  repeat:  "  In  1607  James- 
town was  settled."  "In  1610  a  famine  occurred,"  etc. 

2.  Copy  and  recite  the  above  as  you  memorize  the  event. 

3.  Place  "in  "before  1607,  "at"  before  Jamestown,  "by" 
before  Eng.  Emigrants,  and  "under"  before  Edward  Wing- 
field.     Then  memorize:    "Virginia  was  settled  in  1607,  at 
Jamestown,    by   English   emigrants,  under   Edward   Wing- 
field."     4.   Tell  all  you   can   about   the   Indian   Massacres. 
5.  Tell  all  you  can  about  the  legislative  assembly.     6.  Read 
all  you  find  on  the  introduction  of  slavery  into  the  colony. 
Tell  this  in  your  own  words.     7.  What  is  meant  by  a  charter 
government?     Why  so  called? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

31.  What  did  the  Indians  of  Jamestown  plant  in  order  to 
grow  ammunition? 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  31 

32.  How  many  negroes  were  sold  at  first  at  Jamestown? 

33.  Were  women  really  sold  in  Jamestown?    If  so,  what 
was  the  price? 

34.  How  did  Captain  Smith  shield  himself  from  the  arrows 
of  the  Indians? 

35.  Is  the  story  of  Pocahontas's  saving  Captain  Smith 
now  accepted  as  true? 

36.  How  did  Columbus  make  the  egg  stand  on  end?     Tell 
the  story. 

37.  What  became  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh? 

38.  Are  the  ruins  of  Jamestown  now  visible? 

39.  What  early  explorer  climbed  a  tree  in  order  to  see  the 
Pacific  Ocean? 

40.  What  is  meant  by  the  Virginia  Readjusters? 

BEVIEW. 

29.  Write  the  analysis  of  the  claims  to  American  soil. 

30.  Write  a  good  sketch  of  Balboa.     De  Soto. 

31.  Locate   territory   which    overlapped    by    conflicting 
claims. 

32.  How  many  and  what  periods  in  our  history?     Give 
date  of  beginning  of  each. 

33.  What  did  Columbus  do?  Balboa?  DeSoto?  DeLeon? 
Bacon?  Pocahontas?  Cortez?    Gosnold?  Cartier?  Magellan? 
Champlain?  Verrazano? 

34.  Make  out  the  analysis  of  Virginia.     Of  the  voyages 
of  Columbus. 

35.  What  is  meant  by  North  and  South  Virginia,  as  men- 
tioned in  the  histories? 

36.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  Plymouth  and  the  Lon* 
don  companies. 

37.  Why  was  Virginia  so  called? 

38.  Did  the  early  settlers  find  gold  in  Virginia?    Is  there 
any  native  gold  in  the  State?     Who  is  the  present  governor? 
How  many  and  what  capitals  has  it  had? 


32  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

REMARKS. — 1.  Do  not  memorize  the  text  of  any  author. 
Use  your  own  language  to  tell  \vhat  you  know  of  the  text. 
2.  Write  the  answers  to  all  the  questions.  "  Once  writing  a 
topic  is  worth  twice  reciting  it."  3.  Repeat  and  re-write, 
time  and  again,  that  which  you  find  most  difficult  to  remem- 
ber. 4.  Do  not  omit  taking  notes  as  you  find  new  facts  in 
different  authors. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD. 


STUDY  IV. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

f  1620— Plymouth. 

1628— Salem. 
I    1630— Boston. 
Massachusetts.  -{    1643 — Union. 

1675— King  Philip's. 

1686— Royal. 

1692 — Witchcraft. 


1620. 

Plymouth. 
Pilgrims. 
John  Carver. 


Massachusetts.  -< 


1628. 
Salem. 
Puritans. 
John  Winthrop. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  your  histories  to  find  the  besfword- 
ing  "  for  a  sentence  to  express  the  exact  meaning  of  the  above 
dates  and  key-words.  When  you  have  settled  in  your  own 
mind  the  best  expression,  then  repeat  the  sentence  till  you 
have  memorized  it.  2.  After  thoroughly  fixing  each  fact  as 
you  gather  it  from  your  authors,  tell  the  story  in  your  own 
language.  3.  Follow  the  directions  given  in  connection  with 
the  history  of  Virginia,  for  Plymouth  and  Massachusetts  Bay 
colonies.  4.  Read  all  the  books  at  your  command  on  the 
Salem  Witchcraft,  then  tell  the  story  in  a  lively  manner. 
Tell  all  about  King  Philip  and  his  hostility  to  the  whites. 
5.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  a  voluntary  association  as  ap- 
plied to  the  Plymouth  Colony. 


34  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

41.  How    many  persons  came   over   in   the   Mayflower? 
Who  was  the  first  governor  of  Plymouth  Colony? 

42.  What  man  was  pressed  to  death  in  the  witchcraft  de- 
lusion. 

43.  What  man   was  banished   from  Massachusetts   Bay 
Colony?     What  church  did  he  found? 

44.  What  is  the  "  Hub  of  the  Universe  "? 

45.  Where  and  when  was  the  first  college  within  the  pres- 
ent limits   of  the  United    States   established?      What  is   it 
called? 

46.  What  was  the  first  American  publication? 

47.  What  was  done  with  King  Philip's  head?    With  his 
little  son? 

48.  Who  was  the  "  Great  Indian  Apostle  "? 

49.  Why  did  the  early  settlers  of  New  England  object  to 
chimneys?     What  is  a  "  cat-in-clay  "  chimney? 

50.  What  became  of  Anne   Hutchinson?      Of  William 
Drummond? 

REVIEW. 

(Let  this  review  be  in  writing.) 

39.  Trace  the   Pilgrims  in  their   wanderings  from  their 
homes  in  England  to  the  wilds  of  America. 

40.  Write  all  you  can  about  the  wandering  of  De  Soto. 

41.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  the  discoveries  of  na- 
tions. 

42.  Study  the  subjects  of  the  early  history  of  the  potato, 
tobacco,  introduction   of   hogs,   cattle  and  horses   into   the 
colonies,  then  write  the  facts  in  your  own  language. 

43.  Write  all  you  can  about  the  two    Indian  massacres  in 
Virginia. 

44.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  the   claims  to  Ameri- 
can soil. 

45.  What  was  the  extent  of  North  and  South    Virginia? 
The  New  Netherlands?     OfAcadia?     Of  Florida? 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  35 

46.  What  explorations  did  Verrazano  make? 

47.  Write  the  history  of  King  Philip's  war. 

48.  Write  the  form  for  tracing  Columbus.      Write  a  list 
of  all  persons  whose  history  you  have  studied. 

REMARKS. — The  teacher  should  assign  written  review 
/opics  in  each  recitation.  He  should  not  spend  much  time  in 
the  oral  recitation  of  the  advance  lesson — just  enough  to 
bring  all  the  important  facts  before  the  class.  Send  the  class 
to  the  board  with  the  distinct  understanding  that  each  of  its 
members  shall  confine  his  writing  to  a  given  space.  Assign 
each  a  topic  with  the  request  that  he  tell  the  most  possible  in 
the  fewest  words.  When  ready,  have  each  in  turn  read  what 
he  has  written.  After  each  reading  have  class  criticisms. 
Criticise  spelling,  punctuation  and  arrangement. 


36  UNITED    STATUS    HISTORY. 


STUDY  V. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

f  1623  \  Portsmouth- 

I       I  O^  O   "\    -r~v 

XT       TT          ,  .  Dover. 

New  Hampshire,       j    1680lRoyai. 

1683 — Earthquake. 
1623. 

XT       TT  Portsmouth  and  Dover. 

New  Hampshire.  XT    T?      i      *  •&    • 

N.  England  Emigrants. 


Rhode  Island. 


Mason  and  Gorges. 
1636 — Providence. 
1637 — Portsmouth. 
1639 — Newport. 
1663 — Charter. 
1636. 

i    T  ,  Providence. 

Khode  Island.       -{       XT    -o        -i?    • 

N.  Eng.  Emigrants. 

Roger  Williams. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Bound  New  Hampshire  and  Rhode 
Island.  Locate  the  capital  of  each.  2.  Read  all  authors  at 
hand  on  the  Rhode  Island  charter  of  1663.  Find  some  good 
biography  or  life  of  Roger  Williams  and  be  able  to  tell  as 
much  about  his  life  as  possible. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

.51.  What  was  discovered  in  Roger  Williams's  grave? 

52.  What  nation  introduced  horses  into  the  present  limits 
of  the  United  States? 

53.  What  samples  of  workmanship  were   found  near  the 
Madeira  islands  previous  to  the  discovery  of  America? 

54.  What  State  had  witchcraft  laws? 

55.  Do    historians    know  how    America  was  peopled? 
What  theories? 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  87 

56.  Who  were  the  sea  kings  of  history? 

57.  Who  are  supposed  to  have  built  the  queer  old  tower 
of  Newport?     Describe  it. 

58.  Who  was  Anne  Hutchinson?     What  became  of  her? 

59.  What  did  De  Gourges  do  with  his  Spanish  prisoners? 

60.  What  did  the  Indians  use  for  mirrors? 

REMARKS. — Have  the  pupils  report  and  answer  such  Queer 
Queries  as  they  may  have  found.  Collect  their  note-books 
and  after  examining  them  carefully,  return  them  with  com- 
mendation or  criticism,  as  may  be  best  suited  to  the  indi- 
vidual. Let  one  of  your  many  cares  be  to  ever  insist  upon 
neatness  in  the  appearance  of  all  written  work. 

REVIEW. 

49.  Write  the  names  of  the  explorers,  placing  those  be- 
longing to  different  nations  in  certain   columns.     Pronounce 
each  name  and  mark  the  accented  syllables. 

50.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  claims. 

51.  What  was  the  extent  of   Discovery  Period?     Give 
date  of  beginning  and  ending. 

52.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  Virginia.     For  Massa- 
chusetts.    Write  a  short  sketch  of  Roger  Williams. 

53.  What  is  meant  by  the  Pilgrims?     By  the  Puritans? 

1635 — Windsor. 
1636 — Weathersfield. 
Connecticut.  1637 — Pequod. 

1638 — New  Haven. 
1662 — Charter. 
1635. 

Windsor. 
Connecticut.  N    Eng  Emigrantg. 

[       Thomas  Hooker. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Bound  Connecticut  and  locate  Windsor 
and  New  Haven.  2.  Read  all  you  can  find  concerning 
Thomas  Hooker.  3.  Ditto  the  Pequod  War. 


38  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

61.  What  Indian  chief  ate  some  flesh   from   the  shoulder 
of  a  captive  chief? 

62.  On  what  day  of   the    week  did  Columbus  discover 
America? 

63.  Why  was  California  so  called? 

64.  What  is  the  oldest  college  in  the  United  States? 

65.  What  did  Canonicus  send  to  Governor  Bradford  and 
what  did  he  return? 

66.  Who  ate  Roger  Williams? 

67.  What  did  Captain  Smith  take  from  the  Indians  and 
hold  until  they  filled  his  boat  with  corn? 

68.  Who  named  New  England? 

69.  What  Indian  marked  his    flight   by  hanging  hands, 
heads  and  scalps  on  poles? 

70.  Who  was  taken  for  an  angel  in  the  Indian  attack  on 
Hadley?     Why  are  the  people  of  New  England  called   Yan- 
kees? 

REVIEW. 

54.  Re-write  all  the  blackboard  forms  in  order,  beginning 
with  that  of  the  Periods. 

55.  After  writing  all  the  forms  recite  the  outline  as  sug- 
gested by  them. 

REMARK. — If  not  familiar  with  the  forms  at  this  point, 
you  should  spend  some  time  reviewing  them. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  39 


STUDY  VI. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

1623 — New  Amsterdam. 
1624— Fort  Orange. 
1626— Peter  Minuit. 
New  York.      -(    1664 — English. 
1673— Dutch. 
1674— English. 
1689— Royal. 

f  1623. 

New  York.  New  Amsterdam. 

Dutch. 
Peter  Minuit. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  your  authors  to  determine  why 
the  date  1623  is  adopted  as  that  of  the  first  settlement  rather 
than  that  of  1613  or  1614.  2.  Read  all  you  can  command  con- 
cerning the  four  Dutch  governors  of  New  York.  3.  Deter- 
mine from  your  texts  why  the  English  were  able  to  capture 
New  Amsterdam  so  easily.  4.  If  the  "History  of  New 
York,"  by  Washington  Irving,  can  be  found  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, borrow  it  and  read  all  he  says  about  the  "Knicker- 
bockers." 5.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  a  royal  province. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

71.  Which  of  the  Dutch  governors  had  a  wooden  leg? 

72.  What  was  Hooker's  guide  through  the  wilderness  in 
his  journey  to  Connecticut? 

73.  What   did    Minuit   pay   the   Indians  for  Manhattan 
Island? 

74.  Why  is  Wall  street  so  called? 

75.  Who  was  the  little   "  Indian  Fighter  "  of  Massachu- 
setts? 

76.  Who  said,  "  I  thank  God  there  are  no  free  schools  or 


40  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

printing   presses,  and    I  hope  that  we  shall  not  have  them 
these  three  hundred  years." 

77.  Why  did  Bacon  burn  Jamestown? 

78.  What  was  done  with  the  Indians  who  were  carried  to 
Europe? 

79.  Who  said,  "  We  must  burn  them?  " 

80.  Who  said,  "Sir,  if  we  are  interrupted  again  I  will 
make  the  sun  shine  through  you  in  a  moment?  " 

REVIEW. 

56.  Describe  an  Indian. 

57.  Tell  the  story  of  the  Fountain  of  Youth. 

58.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  each  colony  as  far  as 
learned. 

59.  Write  the  form  for  the  first  date,  first  settlement,  etc., 
of  each  colony  to  one  studied. 

60.  Why  was  each  colony  so  called? 

61.  Write  a  brief  sketch  of  King  Philip.     Pocahontas. 
Peter  Stuyvesant. 

62.  Write  all  you  can  about  John  Smith.   Balboa.   De  Soto. 

63.  Write  a  list  of  explorers  and  give  their  nationalities. 

64.  What  averted  the  war  threatened  by   Powhatan  and 
the  English  in  1612. 

65.  Describe  Bacon's  Rebellion. 

66.  What  were  the   peculiar   features  of  the   Maryland 
charter? 

67.  Read  Evangeline  and  tell  about  Acadia. 

68.  How  did  the  term  "  patroon"  originate? 

69.  When    was    St.    Augustine   founded?     Port  Royal? 
Jamestown?     Plymouth?     New  Amsterdam? 

70.  Why   was  New    York  called    Netherlands?      What 
does  it  mean  ? 

REMARK. — The  secret  of  success  in  memorizing  dates  de- 
pends  solely    upon   their   repetition  in  connection  with  the 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  41 

key-word.  Bear  in  mind  the  necessity  of  your  constant  use 
of  the  pen  or  pencil  while  reviewing.  Do  not  omit  the  writ- 
ten review  till  the  topic  is  thoroughly  mastered. 


STUDY  VII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

f  1665— Elizabeth. 

x,        T  1674 — East  and  West  Jersey. 

New  Jersey.        j    l7o2_Unite(L 

[  1738 — Governor. 

f  1665. 

•VT       T  Elizabeth. 

New  Jersey.       4  T  ,      , 

Long  Islanders. 

[_       Philip  Carteret. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Review  the  colonies  and  determine 
which  became  royal  provinces,  which  remained  under  char- 
ter government,  and  which  were  proprietary,  if  any.  2.  Re- 
view all  you  have  at  hand  concerning  the  four  Dutch  gov- 
ernors of  New  York.  3.  Read  all  you  can  find  concerning 
an  Indian  wigwam  and  Indian  money.  Give  a  description  of 
each  in  your  own  language. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

81.  Where  did  Columbus  think  the  source  of  the  Orinoco 
River  was? 

82.  What  did  Philip  Carteret  carry  on  his  shoulder  when 
he  led  the  Dutch  settlers  from   Long   Island  to   Elizabeth? 
Why? 

83.  What  did  Columbus  construct  out  of  the  Santa  Maria? 

84.  Who  waded  into  the  ocean  to  his  armpits? 

85.  What  was  once  planted  in  the  streets  of  Jamestown? 

86.  The  governor  of  what  State   acted   as   governor   for 
New  Jersey  until  1738? 


42  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

87.  Who  sold  his  interest  in  New  Jersey  to  the  Quakers? 

88.  What  celebrated  preacher  was  once  governor  of  New 
Jersey? 

89.  Where  was  the  "  Charter  Oak  "?   When  blown  down? 

90.  What  was   the   color   of  Columbus's   flag?     Of  the 
cross?     What  is  meant  by  "Forefathers'  Rock"? 

REVIEW. 

71.  Write  the  blackboard  forms  for  Virginia. 

72.  For  New  Hampshire. 

73.  Massachusetts. 

74.  Rhode  Island. 

75.  Connecticut. 

76.  New  York. 

77.  New  Jersey. 

REMARKS. — The  teacher  should  now  send  the  class  to  the 
board  daily  for  about  two  minutes'  work.  Say  to  one,  write 
forms  for  Virginia;  to  another  Massachusetts,  etc.  When 
time  has  expired  say,  "  Time,"  Have  all  stop  and  "  face" 
for  recitation.  Call  for  form  by  naming  the  colony  or  sub- 
ject. When  the  pupil  has  read  this  form  intelligently,  call 
for  class  criticisms.  Criticise  spelling,  use  of  capitals, 
punctuation,  brace,  etc.  Do  this  daily. 

Commence  to  build  up  the  dates  in  regular  order  by  using 
the  date  and  key-word,  beginning  with  "  1607,  Jamestown," 
etc. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  43 


STUDY  VIII. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

(-  1681— Schuylkill. 

Pennsylvania.       -|   1683-Philadelphia. 
i    1684 — Penn. 
1699— Penn. 

1681. 

-o  Schuylkill. 

Pennsylvania.       -{       ^     ,/ ,    ~     , 

English  Quakers. 

[_      William  Markham. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Search  your  histories,  or  the  encyclo- 
pedia for  some  account  of  William  Penn.  2.  Read  all  you 
can  find  concerning  Penn's  treaty  with  the  Indians.  3.  Find 
the  speech  of  Penn  to  the  Indians  and  memorize  it.  Repeat 
the  words  of  the  chiefs  in  reply  to  his  speech. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

91.  Who  was  the  "Quaker  King"? 

92.  What  and  where  is  the  "  City  of  Brotherly  Love"? 

93.  What  is  meant  by  "  The  Friends  "? 

94.  Was  Pennsylvania  ever  a  Royal  Province?      Connec- 
ticut?    Rhode  Island? 

95.  What  did  Penn's  land  cost  him  per  acre. 

96.  What   is   the  "Old    Dominion"?      The  "Keystone 
State  ' '  ?    The  ' '  Empire  State  "  ? 

97.  What  was   the   age  of  "Penn's  elm"  when   blown 
down  in  1810?     How  determine  the  age  of  an  elm-tree? 

98.  What   other  colony    was    ruled    by   the  governor  of 
Pennsylvania? 

99.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  Commonwealth  "? 

100.  What  did  the  State  pay  the   Penn  family  for   their 
claims  to  Pennsylvania? 


44  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

REVIEW. — 1.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  New  Jersey 
and  Massachusetts.  2.  Write  all  you  can  about  the  Pequod 
War.  2.  Read  and  re-write  all  the  important  facts  about 
Bacon's  rebellion.  4.  Write  the  form  for  the  first  settle- 
ment of  each  colony.  5.  Bound  Pennsylvania  and  locate  its 
capital.  6.  Name  the  colonies  in  the  order  of  their  settle- 
ments so  far  as  learned.  7.  Explain  why  each  one  was  so 
called. 

NOTE. — Collect  the  note  books  and  inspect  their  con- 
dition. Show  pupils  how  they  may  improve  the  appearance 
of  the  page.  Commend  the  neater  work  and  encourage  the 
poorer  workers  to  do  better.  Have  written  work  daily.  Do 
not  neglect  this. 

(  1638 — Christiana  Creek. 
Delaware.      -|  1682 — Duke  of  York. 
[  1703— Legislature. 

f  1638. 

Christiana. 
Delaware.       \        &       -, 

Swedes. 

L       Peter  Minuit. 

NOTE. — Teacher   explain  why  the   history  of  Delaware  is 
usually  treated  in  connection  with  that  of  Pennsylvania. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  45 


STUDY  IX. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

C  1634— St.  Mary's. 

u*       ,      ,         I    1646— Clay  home's. 
Maryland.        j    1655_civfl  War> 

L  1691— Royal. 

C  1634. 

-MT      i     j  St.  Mary's. 

Maryland.       -|        English  Catholics. 

^      Leonard  Calvert. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  your  authors  to  determine  why 
Lord  Baltimore  desired  to  found  a  colony  in  America.  2. 
Determine  the  cause  of  Clayborne's  Rebellion.  3.  Of  Ba- 
con's. 4.  Of  the  civil  war  in  Maryland.  5.  Of  the  Pequod 
War.  6.  Of  King  Philip's  War. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

101.  What  yearly  rent  did  Lord  Baltimore  agree  to  pay 
the  King  for  the  territory  of  Maryland? 

102.  Why  did  not  Lord  Baltimore  settle  in  Virginia? 

103.  Why  was  Maryland  so  called? 

104.  Was  the  territory  of  Maryland  included  in  the  Lon- 
don or  in  the  Plymouth  company's  charter? 

105.  Has  your  State  ever  furnished  a  president?     Whom? 

106.  What  is  the  Indian  pipe  of  peace  called? 

107.  What  is  the  motto  of  your  State?     Who  is  the  gov- 
ernor? 

108.  What  is  a  "  Quaker  gun  "? 

109.  When  and  how  often  does  Congress  assemble? 

110.  Who  is  the  president  of  the  Senate? 

REVIEW. — 1.  Make  a  list  of  the  colonies  in  chronological 
order  as  far  as  studied.  2.  Ditto  in  geographical  order,  with 


46  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

the  capital  of  each.  3.  Make  a  list  of  the  Indian  wars  and 
rebellions  as  far  as  learned,  and  name  one  prominent  actor  in 
each.  4.  Make  a  list  of  the  colonies  studied  and  name  the 
prevalent  religion  of  each.  5.  Write  the  forms  for  the  settle- 
ment of  Massachusetts.  6.  Give  the  causes  of  the  settle- 
ment of  each  colony.  7.  Name  and  explain  the  several  kinds 
of  Governments  of  the  colonies.  8.  Which  colonies  never 
became  royal  provinces? 

NOTE. — 1.  The  teacher  should  so  frame  his  questions  as 
to  require  some  research  in  order  to  answer  them.  2.  Read 
history  with  an  object  in  view,  not  as  a  pastime;  i.  e.  read 
with  a  view  to  settling  a  question.  3.  Do  not  omit  the  class 
reviews  at  each  recitation.  The  teacher  who  fails  to  do  some- 
thing in  this  direction  fails  to  give  his  pupils  a  good  knowl- 
edge of  history.  4.  Direct  the  pupil  to  certain  authors 
which  may  be  had  in  the  neighborhood,  and  always  have  a 
certain  purpose  in  doing  so. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD. 


47 


STUDY  X. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


North  and 

South 
Carolina. 


o 

525 


North  and 

South 
Carolina. 


o 

fc 


O 
02 


1663 — Albemarle. 
1665— Clarenden  Colony. 
1711 — Massacre. 
1729— Royal. 


(  1679 — Ashley  River. 
•J   1680— N.  Charleston. 
(   1729— Royal. 

f  1663. 

Albemarle  Colony. 
William  Drummond. 
Virginians. 


1670. 

Carteret  Colony. 
William  Sayle  and  others. 
Barbadoes. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Study  the  Carolinas  as  one  colony  to  the 
separation  in  1729.  2.  Search  your  authors  to  find  something 
new  concerning  "  Locke's  Grand  Model."  3.  Tell  all  you 
can  about  it  in  your  own  words. 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

111.  What  is  meant  by  the  "Grand  Model  "? 

112.  What  tribe  of  Indians  engaged   in   the  massacre  of 
1711? 

113.  What  is  the  meaning  of  E  Pluribus  Unuml 

114.  Does  the  President  of  the  United  States  read  his  an- 
nual message  to  Congress? 

115.  Was  Columbus  ever  married? 


48  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

116.  What  river  of  South  Carolina   was  once  called  the 
Jordan? 

117.  What  was  the  "  Lost  Colony  of  America  "? 

118.  What  did  the  settlers  at  Roanoke  live  on  for  a  short 
time? 

119.  What  governor  signed  another' s  death  warrant  while 
drunk? 

120.  What  is  built  over  Champlain's  tomb? 

REVIEW. — 1.  Begin  with  the  settlement  of  Jamestown  and 
build  up  the  dates  and  key-words  for  the  twelve  colonies 
studied.  2.  Review  this  column  of  dates  and  select  those  hav- 
ing two  events.  3.  Select  dates  for  the  time  of  becoming 
royal  provinces.  4.  Ditto  for  wars  and  massacres. 

REMARKS. — 1.  It  is  now  time  to  take  a  comprehensive 
view  of  the  thirteen  colonies.  Drill  on  the  order  of  settle- 
ment until  you  can  name  them  in  this  manner,  in  order, 
geographically;  in  order  of  becoming  royal  provinces;  in 
order  of  wars  and  rebellions.  Search  your  histories  until 
you  determine  what  church  was  most  popular  in  each  colony. 
Make  a  special  study  of  the  early  colleges  in  order  of  their 
establishment.  If  you  have  read  any  incident  or  fact  con- 
cerning the  early  schools  of  the  colonies  tell  it  in  the  class. 
Trace  the  history  to  give  a  sketch  of  the  social  condition  of 
the  colonies. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  49 


STUDY  XI. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

f  1733— Savannah. 
Georgia  1740— St.  Augustine. 

1742— Spanish. 
[  1752— Royal. 

{1733— 
Savannah. 
r> 
Poor,  etc. 
James  Oglethorpe. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Study  all  at  hand  concerning  the  Trus- 
tees of  Georgia.  2.  Read  the  sketch  of  John  and  Charles 
Wesley,  no  matter  where  it  may  be  found.  3.  If  a  cyclo- 
pedia is  in  the  neighborhood  or  in  the  reference  library  turn 
to  the  subject  "  Oglethorpe,  James,"  and  read  the  paragraph 
carefully.  4.  Study  Virginia  as  the  first  colony  settled  and 
Georgia  as  the  last  before  the  Revolution.  Note  any  differ- 
ence in  the  prospects  of  substantial  settlements.  What 
difference  can  you  note  in  the  wealth  and  prospects  of  the 
two  States  at  the  present  time? 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

121.  Were  any  buffaloes  found  in    Georgia  when  it  was 
first  settled?     Are  there  any  now?     If  not  what  has  become 
of  them? 

122.  What  stratagem  saved  Oglethorpe's  defeat  in  1742? 

123.  What  great  evils  made  Georgia  a  great  and  wealthy 
colony  ? 

124.  Where  did  the  slave  ships  get  their  cargoes  of  slaves? 

125.  Were  there  any  slaves  in  each  of  the  thirteen  original 
colonies? 


SO  UNITED    STATES    HISTOKY. 

126.  What   man    of   the  colonial    period   do   you    most 
admire,  and  why? 

127.  After  whose  plan  was  the  St.  Louis  bridge  built? 

128.  How  are  the  States  represented  on  our  flag? 

129.  Did  we  have  a  flag  during  the  colonial  period? 

130.  Does  the  District  of  Columbia  belong  to  any  State? 
If  not,  how  governed? 

REVIEW. — 1.  Write  a  list  of  the  thirteen  colonies  in  the 
chronological  order  of  their  settlement.  2.  Write  a  list  in 
geographical  order — use  only  the  proper  abbreviations.  3. 
Write  a  list  of  Indian  massacres  and  wars  with  dates  in 
chronological  order.  4.  Ditto  a  neat  list  of  the  rebellions 
and  civil  wars.  5.  Ditto  the  first  settlement  and  date  for 
same  in  each  colony.  6.  Ditto  colonies  settled  by  advent- 
urers. By  Quakers.  By  the  Dutch.  By  the  Baptists.  By 
Catholics.  By  Virginians.  By  poor  from  all  countries.  By 
people  from  Massachusetts.  By  the  Puritans  and  Pilgrims. 
By  Swedes.  By  people  from  Barbadoes.  7.  Ditto  the  col- 
onies in  order  with  name  of  leader  in  each  colony.  8.  Ditto 
list  of  colonies  with  reason  for  name  of  each;  thus,  "  Va.,  in 
honor  of  the  Virgin  Queen  Elizabeth."  "Mass.,  from  Massa- 
chusetts Bay"  (Blue  Hills).  "Conn.,  from  Connecticut 
River"  (Long  River).  "Rhode  Island,  from  island  of  same 
name  "  (Roodt  Eylandt).  "  N.  H. ,  in  honor  of  John  Mason" 
(Gov.  of  Hampshire,  Eng. )  "  N.  Y. ,  in  honor  of  the  Duke 
of  York."  "N.  J.,  in  honor  of  Geo.  Carteret "  (Gov.  of 
Jersey,  Eng.)  "  Penn.,  in  honor  of  William  Penn  (Penn's 
Woodland).  "  Del.,  from  Delaware  Bay  "  Lord  De  la  War, 
Gov.  of  Va.)  "Md.,  in  honor  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria." 
"N.  and  S.  Carolina,  in  honor  of  King  Charles"  (Latin, 
Carolus).  "  Ga. ,  in  honor  of  King  George  the  Second."  9. 
Make  list  (use  abbreviations)  of  colonies  with  date  for  royal 
provinces,  charters,  etc.  10.  Review  meaning  of  Royal 
Province,  Proprietary  Government,  and  Voluntary  Associa- 


COLONIAL   PERIOS.  61 

tion.     Have  this  number  written  out  at  the  desk  and  hand  to 
your  teacher  for  correction. 

NOTE. — Take  up  the  colonies  one  by  one  as  the  class 
progresses  with  the  advance  lessons  on  the  Intercolonial  Wars 
and  make  out  a  form  daily  with  the  assistance  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  class,  thus: 

si    f  From  1607  to  1624,  Commercial  Corporation. 
[3   j        "     1624  to  1675,  Royal  Province. 

"     1675  to  1684,  Proprietary  Government. 

"     1684  to  1776,  Royal  Province. 

From  1620  to  1692,  Voluntary  Association  (Plymouth 

Colony). 
From  1628  to  1686,  Charter  Government  (Mass.  Bay 

Colony). 
From  1686  to  1776,  Royal  Province.  (Plymouth  was 

united  to  Massachusetts  Bay  in  1692.) 

RECITED. — "From  1607  to  1624  Va.  was  governed  by  a 
commercial  corporation."  "  From  1624  to  1675  Va.  was 
governed  by  a  governor  appointed  by  the  King."  "From 
1675  to  1684  Va.  was  governed  by  a  proprietor."  "From 
1684  to  1776  Va.  was  a  royal  province." 

The  elements  of  population  were  from  England,  Holland, 
Sweden,  France,  Scotland,  Ireland  and  Germany.  Read 
your  histories  to  determine  which  colonies  were  settled  by 
each  nation.  Make  out  the  facts,  thus:  New  York  was 
settled  by  people  from  Holland.  Massachusetts  was  settled 
by  people  from  England,  etc. 

The  religion  of  the  colonies  was  made  up  from  the  Cath- 
olics, Protestants,  Church  of  England,  Congregationalists, 
Dutch  Reformed  and  Quakers.  Make  a  list  of  colonies,  with 
name  of  leading  church. 

Whenever  you  are  certain  that  you  have  a  good,  compre- 
hensive view  of  the  colonies,  it  will  be  time  to  lay  aside  the 
labor  of  writing  the  forms  suggested. 


52  UNITED    STATES   HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


CAPTAIN  JOHN  SMITH,  a  native  of  Willoughby,  Lincoln- 
shire, England,  1579-1631;  fought  four  years  in  the  War  of 
the  Netherlands;  visited  England,  then  went  to  the  Turkish 
War;  fought  in  Hungary  and  Transylvania;  was  taken  pris- 
oner and  carried  to  Constantinople,  where  he  was  sold  as  a 
slave ;  sent  by  his  owner  to  his  brother  on  the  coast  of  Azov, 
where  he  was  treated  with  great  cruelty ;  kills  his  master  with 
a  flail,  and  putting  on  his  clothes,  steals  a  horse  and  bag  of 
wheat,  finding  shelter  among  the  Russians  of  the  Don; 
returns  by  way  of  Transylvania  to  England;  goes  with  Cap- 
tain Newport  to  Virginia,  but  is  charged  with  an  intention  of 
conspiracy  and  is  kept  in  chains  after  leaving  the  Canaries; 
is  named  as  one  of  Virginia's  councilmen,  but  excluded  by 
the  colonists,  and  in  company  with  Newport  explores  the 
James;  is  tried  by  the  council  and  acquitted,  being  made  a 
member  of  it.  In  one  of  his  excursions  to  steal  corn  from 
the  Indians  was  captured,  and  reported  saved  from  death  by 
the  intervention  of  Pocahontas;  returned  to  Jamestown  after 
seven  weeks;  explored  the  coast  of  the  Chesapeake  in  1608; 
deposed  for  a  time  as  president  of  the  colony,  he  is  reinstated; 
wounded  from  an  explosion  of  gunpowder,  he  returns  to 
England  in  1609;  in  1614  explores  the  New  England  coast 
and  makes  a  map  of  the  country;  captured  in  1615  by  a 
French  man-of-war  and  carried  to  La  Rochelle;  escapes  and 
writes  a  book  of  his  explorations  and  adventures  in  1616; 
retires  and  writes  several  books,  among  which  are  ' '  The 
General  Historic  of  Virginia,  New  England  and  the  Summer 
Isles,"  "The  True  Travels,  Adventures  and  Observations  of 
Captain  John  Smith,  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  America, 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  53 

from  1593  to  1629,"  "  A  Description  of  New  England,"  and 
"  A  True  Relation  of  Virginia";  died  in  London. 

POCAHONTAS,  daughter  of  the  Indian  chief,  Powhatan, 
born  about  1595  and  died  in  Gravesend,  England,  in  March, 
1617;  remarkable  for  her  friendship  to  the  English  colonists 
at  Jamestown;  saves  Captain  Smith's  life  at  the  age  of 
twelve;  in  1609  informs  Smith  of  a  plot  to  assassinate  him; 
captured  by  Captain  Samuel  Argall  and  taken  on  board  of 
his  vessel  in  1612;  while  detained  on  this  vessel  she  was 
courted  by  an  Englishman  named  John  Rolfe,  and  married  at 
Jamestown,  after  obtaining  the  consent  of  her  father,  1613; 
was  baptized  before  marriage,  receiving  the  name  Rebecca; 
visited  England  with  Governor  Dale  in  1616,  and  was  pre- 
sented at  court  by  him.  When  she  was  saluted  by  Smith  she 
turned  away  her  face,  and  stood  in  this  position  for  three 
hours,  having  been  told  by  Rolfe  and  others  that  he  was 
dead;  prepared  to  leave  England,  but  died  suddenly,  leaving 
one  son  to  mourn  her  loss.  She  was  buried  in  Gravesend 
church-yard,  and  the  identity  of  her  grave  has  been  lost. 

NATHANIEL  BACON,  once  called  the  Virginia  Rebel,  was 
born  in  London  in  1630  and  died  in  1677;  emigrated  to  Vir- 
ginia in  1675,  and  as  a  man  of  wealth  and  fine  legal  attain- 
ments, acquired  much  respect;  became  the  leader  of  the  peo- 
ple in  demanding  protection  from  the  Indians,  a  reduction  of 
taxes  and  more  freedom  in  the  right  of  franchise;  this  com- 
pelled Berkeley  to  make  concessions  and  issue  writs  for  a 
new  election;  the  insurgents  under  Bacon  captured  and 
burned  Jamestown  when  Berkeley  failed  to  keep  his  promises ; 
died  suddenly  and  before  the  concessions  were  fulfilled. 

JOHN  CARVER,  born  in  England,  died  at  Plymouth,  Massa- 
chusetts, April,  1621;  left  England  for  the  sake  of  religion, 
and  went  to  Ley  den;  came  with  the  Mayflower  in  1620  and 
was  elected  governor  of  the  new  colony,  Plymouth;  died 
within  four  months  after  his  landing. 


54  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

JOHN  ENDICOTT,  born  in  Dorchester,  England,  in  1589, 
and  died  in  Boston,  March  15,  1665;  came  to  Salem  in  1628, 
and  was  elected  governor  of  "  London's  Plantation  "  in  1629; 
superseded  by  John  Winthrop  the  same  year;  headed  an  ex- 
pedition against  the  Pequod  Indians  in  1636;  was  deputy 
governor  from  1641  to  1644,  and  again  in  1650  and  1654; 
was  governor  in  1644  and  1649;  again  from  1651  to  1654, 
and  from  1655  to  1665;  cut  out  the  cross  from  the  military 
standard,  so  averse  was  he  to  the  Pope;  was  opposed  to  long 
hair,  and  insisted  that  women  should  wear  veils  in  public 
assemblies;  four  Quakers  were  put  to  death  in  Boston  while 
he  was  governor. 

MILES  STANDISH,  born  in  Lancashire,  England,  in  1584, 
and  died  in  Duxbury,  Massachusetts,  October  3,  1656;  had 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Netherlands,  and  on  coming  to 
Plymouth  with  the  Mayflower  was  chosen  captain,  though 
not  a  church  member;  commanded  numerous  expeditions 
against  the  Indians  and  caused  them  to  respect  his  valor; 
visited  England  in  1625  and  returned  with  supplies  in  1626; 
settled  at  Duxbury  where  he  held  the  office  of  magistrate;  a 
monument  to  his  memory  was  erected  at  Captain's  Hill,  Dux- 
bury,  in  1672;  the  singular  circumstances  of  his  marriage 
are  recorded  in  "The  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,"  by  the 
poet  Longfellow. 

JOHN  WINTHROP,  born  in  England,  1588,  and  died  in 
Boston,  1649;  was  a  lawyer;  elected  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  Colony,  and  sailed  from  Yarmouth  with  900 
persons  in  1630;  was  re-elected  each  year  till  1634;  chosen 
deputy  governor  in  1636  and  governor  in  1637;  elected  each 
year  till  1640  and  again  in  1642  and  1643;  was  deputy  gov- 
ernor in  1644  and  1645,  and  governor  from  1646  till  his 
death. 

KING  PHILIP,  youngest  son  of  Massasoit,  and  sachem  of 
Pokanoket;  date  of  birth  not  known;  succeeded  his  brother 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  55 

Alexander  about  1662;  headed  an  outbreak  of  the  Indians  in 
1675;  defeated  in  1676,  he  was  hunted  from  spot  to  spot  and 
finally  killed  at  Mt.  Hope,  August  12,  1676. 

SIR  EDMUND  ANDROS,  1637-1714,  a  native  of  England 
and  commonly  known  as  the  New  England  tyrant;  was 
brought  up  at  court  and  became  a  major  in  Prince  Rupert's 
dragoons,  and  in  1674  took  his  father's  place  as  bailiff  of 
Guernsey;  received  the  surrender  of  the  Dutch  in  New  York 
as  its  commissioned  governor,  the  same  year;  in  1680  seized 
the  government  of  East  Jersey,  deposing  Philip  Carteret;  re- 
called to  England  in  1681;  and  retired  to  Guernsey;  ap- 
pointed governor  of  New  England  in  1686,  became  a  despot, 
ruling  the  colonies  with  an  iron  hand;  imprisoned  by  the 
people  of  Boston  on  hearing  of  the  revolution  in  England; 
was  sent  to  England  for  trial,  but  was  acquitted  on  a  pre- 
liminary hearing;  became  governor  of  Virginia  in  1692,  but 
was  removed  in  1698;  in  1704-1706  was  governor  of  Guern- 
sey, dying  in  London. 

COTTON  MATHER,  1663-1728;  born  in  Boston  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1678;  taught  school  and  studied  theology; 
was  ordained  a  minister  in  1684;  published  his  "Memorable 
Providences  Relating  to  Witchcraft  and  Possessions"  in 
1685;  in  1688  favored  the  suppression  of  diabolical  visitation 
and  advocated  the  persecution  of  witches;  concluded  that  he 
was  shielded  from  the  persecution  of  witches  by  a  favor  of 
Heaven  itself;  1692  wrote  his  ''Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
World  " ;  never  regretted  the  part  he  had  taken  in  persecuting 
the  poor  witches,  so  called;  his  publications  amounted  to  382 
in  number,  many  of  which  were  fanatical  in  the  extreme; 
elected  as  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of  England  in  1713; 
together  with  Dr.  Boylston  succeeded  in  demonstrating  to  the 
Bostonians  the  efficiency  of  inoculation  for  small-pox. 

ROGER  WILLIAMS,  1599-1683;  a  native  of  Wales,  went 
to  London  at  an  early  age  and  attracted  attention,  by  his  short- 


56  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

hand  notes  of  sermons  and  speeches,  of  Sir  Edward  Coke, 
who  sent  him  to  the  Charterhouse,  to  which  he  was  elected  a 
scholar  in  1621;  took  the  degree  of  B.  A.  at  Pembroke  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  in  1627;  incurred  the  hostility  of  the 
authorities  of  Boston  for  advocating  a  separation  of  church 
and  state,  and  removed  to  Salem;  persecution  at  Salem  com- 
pelled him  to  retire  to  Plymouth,  but  was  soon  recalled  to 
Salem,  where  he  took  the  place  of  Minister  Skelton;  in  1635 
was  banished  from  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  and  ordered  to 
leave  within  six  weeks;  departed  for  the  wilderness  and 
finally  settled  in  a  place  which  he  called  Providence,  found- 
ing the  first  Baptist  church  in  the  United  States;  in  1644 
procured  a  charter  for  Rhode  Island;  died  and  was  buried 
near  the  spot  where  he  landed. 

ANNE  HTJTCHINSON,  1591-1643;  a  native  of  England  and 
came  with  her  husband  to  Boston  in  1634;  instituted  meet- 
ings among  the  women,  whom  she  addressed  upon  the  tenets 
of  the  Holy  Spirit;  banished  from  the  colony  in  1637  for  her 
peculiar  religious  opinions,  and  removed  with  William  Cod- 
dington,  John  Clarke  and  others  to  the  island  of  Rhode 
Island;  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1643. 

REV.  THOMAS  HOOKER,  1586-1647;  a  native  of  England 
and  graduate  of  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge;  a  preacher 
in  London  and  a  lecturer  at  Chelipsford  in  1626;  persecuted, 
he  went  to  Holland  in  1630;  came  to  Boston  in  1633,  settled 
at  Cambridge;  removed  to  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1636, 
where  he  became  the  minister  of  the  little  settlement,  dying 
there  in  1647. 

PETER  MINUIT,  1641;  a  native  of  Germany;  a  deacon  in 
the  Protestant  church,  came  to  Manhattan  Island  in  1626  as 
director-general  for  the  Dutch  West  India  Company; 
he  built  Fort  Amsterdam  and  maintained  it  against  the  de- 
mands of  the  English;  recalled  in  1632;  offered  his  services 
to  the  Swedish  government  in  1637  and  came  to  the  Chesa- 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  57 

peake  in  1638  with  a  commission  from  the  queen;  built  Fort 
Christiana  near  where  Wilmington  now  stands,  the  same  year; 
this  was  the  first  permanent  settlement  in  Delaware  and 
where  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1641. 

PETER  STUYVESANT,  1602-1682;  a  native  of  Holland, 
served  in  the  war  with  the  West  Indies,  lost  a  leg  in  battle 
and  returned  to  Holland  in  1644,  appointed  director-general 
of  New  Netherlands  in  1645,  arriving  there  in  1647  and  re- 
stored order  out  of  chaos  left  by  William  Keift;  built  Fort 
Casimir  in  1651,  but  this  was  captured  by  the  Swedes  under 
Governor  Rising,  sailed  into  the  Delaware  with  seven  hundred 
men  and  captured  the  whole  of  New  Sweden  the  next  year; 
surrendered  New  Amsterdam  to  the  English  under  Nicholls  in 
1664;  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  on  his  farm,  or  bauer 
(whence  Bowery)  then  outside  the  city  limits,  where  he  died; 
he  now  lies  in  the  vaults  of  St.  Mark's  Church  on  10th  street. 

WILLIAM  PENN,  1644-1718;  attended  a  grammar  school  in 
London,  where  he  was  born  and  later  entered  Christ  Church 
College,  Oxford ;  became  a  convert  to  the  belief  of  the  Quak- 
ers at  the  age  of  14;  getting  into  a  fight  with  his  classmates 
he  was  expelled  and  in  turn  driven  from  home  by  his  father; 
was  sent  to  Paris  and  from  there  he  went  to  Turin  where  his 
father  recalled  him  in  1664;  was  driven  from  London  by  the 
great  plague  of  1665;  arrested  in  Ireland,  where  he  was 
superintending  his  father's  farms,  for  attending  a  Quaker 
meeting,  1667;  dismissed  by  his  father  for  not  removing  his 
hat  to  the  King,  he  became  an  active  Quaker  preacher;  wrote 
his  first  book,  a  treatise  on  the  Quaker  faith  and  containing  a 
title  of  one  hundred  words,  in  1668;  imprisoned  in  the  Tower 
for  discussing  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  from  his  standpoint; 
but  released  by  the  intervention  of  the  Duke  of  York;  re- 
turned and  lived  with  his  father  until  his  death  in  1670;  tried 
for  preaching  a  false  doctrine,  and  acquitted  by  the  jury,  each 
cf  which  was  fined  forty  marks  and  imprisoned  in  Newgate 


58  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

for  the  verdict;  fined  for  wearing  his  hat  in  the  court-room; 
his  case  was  appealed  to  the  common  pleas  court  where  he 
came  out  victorious;  arrested  for  preaching  the  Quaker  doc- 
trine and  committed  to  the  Tower  in  1671,  but  acquitted  for 
want  of  proof;  refused  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  was 
again  committed  to  Newgate  for  six  months;  on  being  re- 
leased he  went  to  Holland  and  Germany  to  find  a  refuge  for 
persecuted  Quakers;  on  his  return  married  Guliel  Maria 
Springett  and  resided  at  Downinghurst,  Essex,  devoting  his 
time  to  preaching;  receives  the  patent  for  Pennsylvania  in 
payment  for  a  debt  owed  his  father;  secured  an  interest  in 
New  Jersey  also  in  1682;  went  to  Delaware  where  he  treated 
with  the  Indians  and  laid  out  Philadelphia;  returned  to  Eng- 
land and  was  arrested  several  times  but  acquitted  in  each 
case  for  want  of  proof;  returned  in  1699  as  governor  and  went 
back  to  England  in  1701;  imprisoned  in  1708;  he  sold 
his  proprietary  rights  for  £12,000  in  1712;  was  stricken  two 
or  three  times  with  paralysis  and  finally  died  in  1718. 

WILLIAM  CLAYBORXE  is  first  heard  of  in  history  as  a  set- 
tler of  Virginia  and  secretaiy  of  the  council  in  1624;  made  a 
settlement  on  Kent  Island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  under  the 
authority  of  Charles  I,  in  1631;  was  driven  from  this  by  the 
Marylanders  and  took  refuge  in  Virginia;  he  appealed  his 
case  to  the  King,  who  severely  reprimanded  Lord  Baltimore; 
invaded  Maryland  and  overthrew  the  government,  holding 
it  for  a  time  and  returned  to  Virginia;  was  appointed  secretary 
of  Virginia  in  1651;  was  a  member  of  the  court  martial  which 
tried  Bacon's  followers  in  1676;  just  where  and  when  he  was 
born,  or  where  and  when  he  died  is  not  now  known. 

JAMES  EDWARD  OGLETHOBPE,  1688-1785;  born  in  London, 
commissioned  an  officer  in  the  Queen's  Guards  in  1714  and 
participated  in  the  Turkish  wars  in  1716-1717;  was  a  com- 
mander at  the  siege  of  Belgrade;  became  a  member  of  parlia- 
ment in  1722  and  secured  the  passage  of  laws  calculated  to 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  59 

relieve  the  poor  debtors;  settled  in  Georgia  in  1733  as  gov- 
ernor of  a  colony  that  was  intended  for  the  oppressed  of  all 
countries;  returned  to  England  and  was  appointed  major  gen- 
eral, served  against  the  invasion  of  the  young  Pretender  in 
1745;  in  1765  he  received  the  rank  of  general  in  the  army  and 
died  at  Granham  Hall,  Essex,  June  30,  1785. 


60  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XII. 

INTERCOLONIAL  WARS. 
BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


King  William's 


From  1689  to  1697. 
I   Dover. 

Fort  Pemaquid. 
In  1689  -{   n          TJ 

)   Casco  Bay. 

Salmon  Falls. 


In  1690 — Schenectady. 
In  1691— Port  Royal. 
In  1697 — Ryswick. 
From  1702  to  1713. 

.-  In  1704 — Deerfield. 

Queen  Anne  s        -j     In  mo_pOrt  Royal. 

In  1713— Eutrecht. 
(  From  1745  to  1748. 
King  George's        <     In  1745 — Louisburg. 

(     In  1748 — Aix-la-Chapelle. 

DIRECTIONS.  1.  Look  through  the  history  of  the  above 
wars  to  determine  why  each  was  so  named.  2.  Search  the 
geographies  or  gazetteer  to  locate  Ryswick,  Eutrecht  and 
Aix-la-Chapelle.  3.  Ditto  each  place  named  in  the  black- 
board form.  4.  Study  the  cause  and  gain  (if  any)  of  each 
war.  5.  Practice  writing  the  blackboard  form,  thinking  of 
the  exact  location  of  each  place  as  you  write  the  name.  6. 
Ditto  same,  thinking  of  the  result  of  each  battle,  expedition, 
attack,  etc.  7.  If  you  do  nothing  more  than  remember  the 
cause  and  gain  of  each  war,  do  it  well. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

131.  Which  colony  took  the  Bible  for  its  guide? 

132.  What  did  the  Indians  wear  upon  their  feet  in  mak- 
ing the  attack  upon  Schenectady? 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  61 

133.  What  is  the  basis  of  Longfellow's  Evangeline? 

134.  On  whose  discovery  did  the  English  base  their  claims 
to  American  soil? 

135.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  hasty  pudding  "  of  the  colon- 
ists? 

136.  What  is  meant  by  the  Blue  Laws  of  Connecticut? 

137.  How  was  the  Puritan  church  sexton  armed   during 
the  sermon? 

138.  In  what  way  was  tobacco  responsible  for  the  intro- 
duction of  slavery  into  the  Virginia  colony? 

139.  What  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in  America? 

1 40.  What  nation  introduced  Santa  Glaus  into  our  Christ- 
mas festival? 

REVIEW. — See  review  in  Study  XI.  Follow  all  the  sug- 
gestions given  in  this  review.  If  necessary,  spend  a  lesson  or 
two  on  the  review  alone.  Write  out  in  full  the  complete 
answer  to  each  question.  Until  you  are  able  to  do  this,  you 
are  not  ready  to  leave  the  Thirteen  Colonies.  Write  the 
blackboard  form  for  King  William's  war.  Ditto  for  Queen 
Anne's  and  King  George's. 


62 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY   XIII. 


BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


Cause? 
French 

and 
Indian  War. 


Gain? 


From  1754  to  1763. 

(  Gt.  Meadows. 
(  Ft.  Necessity, 
f  Nova  Scotia. 
j   Crown  Point. 
1   Niagara. 
[  Ohio  River. 
—  Gt.  Britain, 
j  Oswego. 
|  Ft.  William  Henry. 

Louisburg. 

Crown  Point. 

Ft.  Frontenac. 

Ticonderoga. 

Niagara. 

Quebec. 
—  Treaty  of  Paris. 


In  1754 

In  1755 

In  1756 
In  1757 

In  1758 
In  1759 


In  1763 

DIRECTIONS. — First  read  all  the  matter  at  hand  on  the 
cause  of  the  war;  frame  your  answer  to  this  question;  then 
treat  the  subject  of  gain  in  the  same  manner.  2.  Read  over 
the  cause  and  gain  of  each  of  the  preceding  wars  and  deter- 
mine in  what  respect  they  differ.  Couch  your  conclusion  in 
good  language  and  submit  it  to  your  teacher  for  his  approval. 
3.  Read  as  separate  topics  in  your  several  authors,  Braddock's 
Defeat,  the  Expeditions  of  1755,  the  Capture  of  Louisburg, 
Attack  on  Crown  Point,  Expedition  against  Fort  Frontenac, 
the  Ticonderoga  Affair,  and  the  Capture  of  Quebec.  4. 
Write  the  following  names  in  this  form, 

C  Braddock. 
English       j  Loudon. 
Commanders.    ]   Abercrombie. 
Amherst. 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  63 

and  recite:  "Braddock  was  the  first  commander-in-chief,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Loudon,  London  by  Abercrombie,  Aber- 
crorabie  by  Amherstv"  Do  not  abandon  this  form  until  you 
can  tell  the  year  that  the  succession  took  place  and  whether 
it  affected  the  campaigns  or  not.  5.  Be  sure  that  you  know 
who  the  French  commander-in-chief  was,  and  where  he  was 
killed. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

141.  What  poem  did  Wolfe  recite  and  comment  upon 
while  crossing  the  St.  Lawrence  to  his  death? 

142.  Who  coined  the  first  money  in  the  colonies? 

143.  Who  first  taught   freedom  of  religious  worship  in 
the  U.  S.  ? 

144.  When  did  the  Puritan  Sabbath  commence? 

145.  What  penalty  did  Massachusetts  inflict  upon  Quakers? 

146.  Which  lived  the  longer,   Columbus  or  Queen  Isa- 
bella? 

147.  What  was  the  name  of  Hudson's  vessel? 

148.  What  did  the  Indian  who  killed  King  Philip  receive 
for  the  deed? 

149.  Why  is  your  native  State  so  called? 

150.  What  city  of  the  U.  S.,  containing  a  population  of 
over  100,000,  does  not  cast  a  single  vote  for  President? 

REVIEW. — 1.  Write  a  list  of  the  intercolonial  wars,  with 
name  of  ti-eaty  opposite  each.  2.  Give  the  history  of  the 
witchcraft  delusion.  3.  Sketch  the  course  of  French  discov- 
eries and  settlements  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  4.  Write  the 
form  for  King  Philip's  War.  5.  Ditto  Queen  Anne's.  6. 
Ditto  King  George's.  7.  Ditto  French  and  Indian  War.  8. 
Give  a  history  of  Pontiac's  conspiracy  in  your  own  language. 
9.  Write  a  list  of  all  the  wars,  rebellions,  etc.,  from  the  set- 
tlement of  Jamestown  to  the  Peace  of  Paris,  and  tell  where 
each  was  enacted.  10.  Explain  how  it  was  that  the  colonists 


64  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

were  contented  under  the  English  rule,  and  how  they  cheer- 
fully fought  for  her  during  the  French  and  Indian  War. 

NOTE. — In  your  spare  moments  consult  such  authorities 
as  you  may  have  at  hand  on  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  Jacques  Mar- 
quette,  Robert  Cavelier  de  La  Salie,  Louis  XIV,  Lemoine 
d'Iberville,  John  Law,  Louis  Joseph  Montcalm  de  Saint- Veran 
(Montcalm),  James  Wolfe,  Thomas  Hooker,  Thomas  Shepard, 
President  Chauncy,  Cotton  Mather,  Governor  Bradford,  Gov- 
ernor Winthrop,  Elihu  Yale,  Jonathan  Edwards,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  John  Bartram,  Captain  Kidd.  We  ought  to  know 
more  of  men  and  their  good  deeds  than  of  wars  and  their 
influences  (in  the  colonies). 


COLONIAL    PEEIOD.  65 


STUDY  XIV. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


1660  —  Navigation  Act. 
1764  —  Sugar  Act. 


Causes  of 
Revolution. 


1765  \  ^rst  Colonial  Congress. 
(  Stamp  Act. 


1766  —  Stamp  Act. 

1767  —  Duty  on  Tea. 

1768  —  Troops. 

1769  —  Traitors. 

l770-!New  York> 
1/70  |  Boston. 

1773—  Tea  Party. 

1774  —  First  Continental  Congress. 

DIRECTIONS.  —  1.  Read  your  authors  to  determine  what 
was  meant  by  the  Navigation  Act.  If  you  are  unable  to  do 
so,  please  ask  your  teacher  to  explain  what  is  meant.  2.  Tell 
in  your  own  language  what  is  meant  by  the  Sugar  Act.  3. 
Read  the  text  until  you  have  a  clear  idea  of  the  difference 
between  the  First  Colonial  and  the  First  Continental  Con- 
gress. When  you  are  sure  that  you  understand  this,  fix  the 
place  of  meeting  for  each.  4.  What  is  meant  by  the  Boston 
Tea  Party?  Tell  the  story  of  Colonel  Montague  and  the 
"Minute  man."  5.  Read  all  you  can  get  on  the  subject  of 
the  Boston  Massacre  and  the  troubles  in  New  York  with  the 
Sons  of  Liberty.  After  you  have  thoroughly  studied  the 
causes  of  the  Revolution  as  outlined  by  the  blackboard  form 
please  re-read  the  text  with  a  view  to  determining  the  real 
reason  for  the  revolt  of  the  colonies. 

Was  "  taxation  without  representation"  the  real  reason 
as  so  often  printed  in  our  books? 

To  THE  TEACHER.  —  Do  not  ask  the  set  questions  printed 
in  your  text,  but  have  independence  enough  to  stand  up  and 

5 


66  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

be  original  in  your  teaching.  Don't  lose  your  individuality 
by  following  anybody's  arbitrary  plans,  but  use  them  as 
suggestive  merely,  and  work  out  your  own  plans  from  them. 
No  matter  if  you  are  awkward,  try  to  have  your  illustrations 
and  questions  tilled  with  pith  and  point. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

151.  What  was  meant  by  the  "  Writs  of  Assistance"  ? 

152.  How  many  boxes  of  tea  were  thrown  overboard  by 
the  "  Boston  Tea  Party  "  ? 

153.  Who  wrote  "The  Sun  of  Liberty  is  Set;  the  Amer- 
icans must  light  the  lamps  of  industry  and  economy  "  ? 

154.  What  was  the  color  of  the  stamps  of  1765? 

155.  Was  the  first  bloodshed  of  the  Revolution  at  Boston 
or  New  York? 

156.  Did  the  tea  cost  the  colonies  more  or  less  than  it 
cost  in  England?     Why  did  the  people  not  drink  it? 

157.  What   did   Patrick    Henry   mean    when    he    said, 
"Caesar  had  his  Brutus,  Charles  I  his  Cromwell,"  etc.? 

158.  What  did  the.  colonists  substitute  for  tea,  and  what 
did  they  call  it? 

159.  In  which  one  of  the  preceding  wars  did  the  contend- 
ing nations  fight  for  two  years  before  they  declared  war? 

160.  What  was  meant  by  the  "  minute  men  "? 

REVIEW  AND  NOTES. — 1.  Write  a  list  of  the  thirteen 
colonies,  and  tell  where  the  Colonial  and  Continental  Con- 
gresses were  held.  2.  What  was  meant  by  a  Charter  Gov- 
ernment? 3.  Write  the  forms  for  the  first  settlement  of 
each  of  the  thirteen  colonies.  4.  Tell  all  about  Pontiac's 
War.  5.  Look  through  your  authorities  and  make  a  list  of 
the  early  colleges  with  dates  of  their  founding.  6.  Ditto, 
and  make  a  list  of  prominent  actors  from  the  time  of  Colum- 
bus to  1775.  7.  Write  the  form  for  the  causes  of  the  Revo- 
lution. 8.  Ditto  for  the  French  and  Indian  War.  9.  What 


COLONIAL    PERIOD.  67 

was  the  cause  of  the  Revolution?     10.  Write  a  paragraph 
about  each  of  your  teachers  (in  order  of  their  succession). 

NOTE. — With  the  first  of  the  month  commence  with 
some  good  plan  of  reviews,  and  pursue  them  with  a  definite 
purpose,  viz. ,  for  the  purpose  of  knowing  more  of  our  coun- 
try's history.  Try  this  plan  for  one  month;  read  all  you  can 
find  concerning  any  man  mentioned  in  the  text  over  which 
you  have  passed.  Study  but  one  man  each  day  for  the  twenty 
school  days  and  then  compare  your  knowledge  of  United 
States  history  with  your  ignorance  of  it  twenty  days  previous. 
With  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution  begin  the  study 
of  men  and  their  actions. 


68 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XV. 

REVOLUTIONARY  PERIOD. 
BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


Cause? 


1775 


1776 


1777 


Revolution.  <( 
Gain? 


["  Lexington. 

Ticonderoga. 
]   Blinker  Hill. 
I   Second  Con.  Congress. 
fa-          f    j  Boston. 

I  Charleston. 

Long  Island. 

Trenton. 

Independence. 

Princeton. 

Brandywine. 

Germantown. 

Ticonderoga. 

Bennington. 

Saratoga. 

Confederation. 

Stars  and  Stripes. 

Monmouth. 

Savannah. 

French  Alliance. 

Wyoming. 
I   Cherry  Valley. 
f  Kettle  )  ~ 
1779J   Brier    f  Creek' 
I   Savannah. 
f  Charleston. 

1780  J   Sanders's  Creek. 

I   King's  Mountain. 
^  Arnold's  Treason. 
I   Cowpens. 
Guilford  C.  H. 

1781  -^  Hobkirk's  Hill. 

j   Eutaw  Springs. 
^  Yorktown. 

1782  —  Preliminary  Treaty. 

1783  —  Paris. 


1778  -! 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  69 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Do  not  attempt  to  read  more  than  is 
outlined  for  1775  for  one  lesson.  (The  teacher  should  not 
place  the  whole  outline  for  the  Revolution  upon  the  black- 
board until  it  is  needed.  Begin  with  Lexington  as  the  key- 
word and  use  only  as  much  of  it  as  is  needed  each  day). 
2.  Determine  who  were  the  commanders  at  each  of  the  three 
actions  in  1775.  Search  until  you  determine  the  result  of 
the  action.  3.  Trace  Major  Pitcairn  from  Boston  to  Concord 
and  return.  4.  Read  all  your  authors  to  determine  just  what 
Colonel  Ethan  Allen  said  when  he  demanded  the  surrender  of 
Ticonderoga.  5.  Study  but  one  or  two  authors  on  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill.  6.  Find  out  what  three  important  things 
the  Continental  Congress  did.  Memorize  these  facts.  7. 
Give  the  history  of  the  capture  of  Ticouderoga  in  your  own 
language.  8.  Ditto  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  9.  Tell  all 
about  the  Second  Continental  Congress.  10.  Trace  the  com- 
mander-in-chief  from  his  home  (where?)  en  route  with  Din- 
widdie's  letter  (when?)  to  Cambridge,  Mass. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

161.  Who  were  the  "  Green  Mountain  Boys"? 

162.  Who  was  the  first  postmaster-general? 

163.  Who  was  "  Old  Put  "? 

164.  Who  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monu- 
ment? 

165.  What  kind  of  a  shirt  was  "Old  Put"  wearing  when 
he  heard  of  the  battle  of  Lexington?     What  became  of  it? 

166.  How  long  did  it  take  the  European  nations  to  learn 
that  the  potato  was  fit  for  food? 

167.  Why  did  the  Speedwell  not  accompany  the  May- 
flower to  America? 

168.  What  became  of  the  Charter  Oak? 

169.  What  is  meant  by  Captain  Kidd's  punch  bowl? 

170.  Who  was  the  "  Father  of  his  Country"? 


70  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

REVIEW  AND  NOTES. — 1.  Treat  the  remaining  dates  of  the 
Revolution  as  that  of  1775.  2.  Write  the  form  for  the 
causes  of  the  Revolution.  3.  Write  a  list  of  the  thirteen 
colonies  in  order,  giving  the  date  of  the  first  settlement, 
name  of  place  settled  and  leader  of  settlement.  4.  Write  a 
list  of  all  the  massacres,  Indian  wars  and  rebellions  from 
1492  to  1775.  5.  Give  cause  of  each  of  the  four  French  and 
Indian  wars.  6.  Give  gain  of  each  of  these  wars.  7.  How 
many  and  what  periods  have  you  studied?  What  is  a  period? 
8.  What  was  the  cause  of  the  Revolution?  9.  Name  all  of 
the  generals  of  the  intercolonial  wars.  10.  Write  a  full-page 
autobiography  of  yourself.  What  is  an  autobiography? 

QUEER     QUERIES. 

171.  Was   the   Continental    Congress    in    session    when 
Ethan  Allen  demanded  the  surrender  of  Ticonderoga? 

172.  Who  was  Paul  Revere? 

173.  What  people  introduced  the  doughnut,  cruller,  and 
New  Year's  cookies  into  the  United  States? 

174.  What  was  the  "wooden  horse"  of  colonial  times? 

175.  What  did  the  English  call  New  Amsterdam  for  the 
year  which  they  held  it? 

176.  What   were   the    salaries    of  the  first   ministers  at 
Jamestown  ? 

177.  What  was  "a  tomahawk  right  "? 

178.  Having  no  iron  wire  how  did  the  New  England  set- 
tlers manufacture  their  sieves? 

179.  What  did  Thomas  Fairfax  say  when  he  heard   of 
Cornwallis's  surrender? 

180.  What  were  the  conditions  of  Burgoyne's  surrender 
at  Saratoga? 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  WOLFE,  1726-1759;  a  native  of  Kent,  England, 
entered  the  army  as  second  lieutenant  and  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Fontenoy,  Culloden,  etc. ;  was  in  the  expedition 
against  Rochefort  in  1757,  the  expedition  to  Cape  Breton  and 
Louisburg  in  1758,  returning  to  England,  but  Pitt  made  him 
major-general  in  the  invasion  of  Canada  and  gave  him  the 
command  of  8,000  men;  June  27,  1759,  he  landed  on  the 
island  of  Orleans  and  directed  his  batteries  to  fire  upon 
Quebec  from  this  point  and  Point  Levi;  assaulted  the  French 
works  but  was  repulsed;  scaled  the  heights  of  Abraham  with 
3,000  men  and  assaulted  the  French  in  their  stronghold;  was 
wounded  and  died  just  as  the  success  of  his  daring  attack  was 
announced;  his  remains  were  carried  home  and  interred  in 
the  church-yard  at  Greenwich;  a  monument  was  erected  to 
him  in  Westminster  abbey;  an  obelisk,  sixty  feet  in  height, 
stands  in  the  government's  gardens  of  Quebec,  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Wolfe  and  Montcalm. 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  born  in  Boston,  January,  17,  1706, 
and  died  in  Philadelphia,  April  17,  1790;  began  school  life 
at  the  age  of  eight  years  but  was  taken  out  of  school  at  the 
age  of  ten  and  put  at  the  employment  of  cutting  candle  wicks 
for  his  father,  who  was  a  tallow  chandler  and  soap  maker;  this 
was  distasteful  to  him  and  as  he  talked  of  going  to  sea  his 
father  apprenticed  him  to  his  brother  James,  a  printer;  with 
his  uncle  he  found  time  to  read  such  works  as  Defoe's  '  <  Essay 
on  Projects,"  Mather's  "  Essays  to  do  Good,"  Banyan's  "  Pil- 
grim's Progress,"  Burton's  "Historical  Collections,"  and 
wrote  " Lighthouse  Tragedy,"  "Private  Teach,  or  Black- 
beard,"  etc. ;  mastered  arithmetic  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  with- 
out a  teacher,  and  studied  navigation;  became  a  diligent 


72  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

student  and  reader,  both  of  which  he  kept  up  through  life; 
became  an  advocate  of  vegetable  diet;  was  whipped  for  writ- 
ing articles  of  public  favor,  and  published  anonymously  in 
his  uncle's  paper,  the  New  England  Courant;  the  paper  was 
suppressed  and  his  uncle  forbidden  to  publish  it,  but  young 
Franklin  ran  it  for  a  time  in  his  name;  falling  out  with  his 
master  he  ran  away  and  was  next  heard  of  in  New  York, 
almost  penniless  and  without  friends;  went  from  this  place  to 
Perth  Amboy  in  an  open  boat,  fasting  for  thirty  hours,  and 
thence  to  Philadelphia;  arriving  on  Sunday  morning  with  one 
dollar  in  silver  and  a  shilling  in  copper  in  his  pocket;  dropped 
into  a  Quaker  church  with  his  pockets  stuffed  with  some  old 
socks,  and  a  shirt,  and  fell  asleep  during  the  sermon ;  found 
work  with  a  printer;  engaged  to  Miss  Read  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  he  embarked  for  England  under  the  direction  of 
Sir  William  Keith,  for  the  purpose  of  buying  a  printing  press 
and  type;  Keith  proved  false  and  he  found  himself  in  Lon- 
don, almost  penniless  as  in  New  York  once  before;  worked  for 
a  printer  for  a  year,  when  he  was  employed  to  return  to  Phil- 
adelphia and  enter  a  dry -goods  store  in  1726;  September,  1730, 
married  Miss  Read,  now  the  divorced  wife  of  an  absconder, 
whom  she  had  married  in  Franklin's  absence,  supposing  he 
would  not  return;  edited  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  and  in- 
vented a  copperplate  press  for  printing  paper  money;  first  pub- 
lished "Poor  Richard's  Almanac"  in  1732;  studied  French, 
Italian,  Latin  and  Spanish  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven;  be- 
came postmaster  of  Philadelphia,  and  established  a  fire  de- 
partment, becoming  the  founder  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  the  American  Philosophical  Society;  invented 
Franklin's  economical  stove;  invented  the  lightning  rod ;  elected 
to  the  assembly  in  1750,  and  appointed  commissioner  on  an 
Indian  treaty,  and  in  1753  made  deputy  postmaster-general 
of  the  colonies;  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  by  Har- 
vard and  Yale  colleges;  goes  as  commissioner  for  the  deputies 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  73 

to  England  in  1757;  invented  the  musical  instrument,  the 
harmonica;  returned  in  1762;  again  went  to  England  in  1764 
in  the  interests  of  Pennsylvania,  and  returned  in  1775,  after 
having  visited  France,  Scotland  and  Wales;  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  in  1776;  was  sent  as  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Paris  and  concluded  the  treaty  in  1778; 
signed  the  preliminary  treaty  of  peace  in  1782  and  returned 
in  1785;  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  in 
1787;  he  died  in  1790  and  was  buried  beside  his  wife.  His 
epitaph,  written  by  himself,  is  as  follows: 

THE    BODY 
OF 

BENJAMIN    FRANKLIN, 

PRINTER, 
(Like  the  cover  of  an  old  book, 

Its  contents  torn  out, 
And  stripped  of  its  lettering  and  gilding) 

Lies  here,  food  for  worms; 

Yet  the  work  itself  shall  not  be  lost 

For  it  will  appear  once  more 

in  a  new 

And  more  beautiful  Edition, 
Corrected  and  Amended 

BY 
THE  AUTHOR. 

PAUL  REVERE,  born  in  Boston,  January  1,  1735,  died 
there,  May  10,  1818;  learned  the  trade  of  goldsmith  under 
his  father;  made  lieutenant  of  artillery  in  1756  and  stationed 
at  Fort  Edward  near  Lake  Hovicon;  took  up  the  trade  of 
goldsmith  on  his  return  and  learned  the  art  of  copper-plate 
engraving,  being  one  of  the  four  understanding  this  depart- 
ment of  mechanics  in  1775;  in  1770  he  published  a  print  of 
the  "Boston  Massacre"  made  by  his  own  hand;  in  1775  made 
the  engraving  and  press  and  printed  the  bills  ordered  by  the 
Provincial  Congress  of  Massachusetts;  learned  the  art  of 
powdermaking  at  Philadelphia  and  set  up  a  mill  for  its  manu- 
facture in  1772;  was  a  member  of  the  celebrated  "Boston 
Tea  Party"  of  1773;  and  was  sent  as  a  messenger  to  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  to  tell  what  had  been  done;  was  dis- 


74  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

patched  by  Warren,  by  way  of  Charlestown,  April,  18,  1775, 
to  give  notice  of  Gage's  designs  upon  the  stores  at  Concord; 
this  is  the  famous  "Paul  Revere's  Ride."  (Have  it  read.} 
He  became  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  defense  of  the  colony 
of  Massachusetts  and  after  the  war  erected  a  foundry  for 
casting  church  bells  and  cannon;  he  built  the  copper  rolling- 
mill  works  at  Canton,  Mass.,  yet  (1895)  in  operation. 

JOSEPH  WARREN,  born  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  June  11,  1741, 
killed  in  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  17 75;  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1759,  studied  medicine  and  began  practice 
in  Boston;  delivered  the  address  on  the  second  anniversary 
of  the  Boston  Massacre  in  1772,  and  again  delivered  the  ad- 
dress in  1775,  at  much  risk  of  his  life;  a  delegate  to  Massa- 
chusetts Congress  in  1774;  made  major-general,  June  14, 
1775,  and  went  into  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  as  a  volunteer, 
July  17,  1775,  where  he  fell;  a  statue  to  his  memory  has 
been  erected  on  the  battle  field. 

SAMUEL  ADAMS,  born  in  Boston,  September  27,  1722, 
died  October  2,  1803;  attended  the  Boston  Latin  school  and 
entered  Cambridge  college  in  1736;  graduated,  rank  five,  in 
1740,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  studied  law  but  gave  it  up 
and  entered  a  counting-house;  opened  business  for  himself, 
but  failed;  became  a  partner  of  his  father's  in  a  brewery;  be- 
came tax-collector  for  Boston  and  was  dubbed,  "Samuel  the 
Publican";  devoted  his  energies  to  politics  in  the  Massachu- 
setts assembly  while  his  wife  supported  the  family  by  her  in- 
dustry and  economy ;  offered  a  bribe  by  the  British  govern- 
ment, but  spurned  it  with  anger;  often  conferred,  as  a  commit- 
tee-man, with  the  British  officers,  in  trying  to  secure  rights  for 
his  countrymen;  was  proscribed  by  General  Gage  and  a  price 
set  on  his  head  in  1774;  was  awakened,  with  John  Hancock, 
by  Revere  in  his  famous  ride;  was  delegate  to  the  legislature 
at  different  times,  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Mass.,  in  1788,  which  position 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  75 

he  held  until  1794,  when  he  took  John  Hancock's  place  as 
governor;  retired  to  private  life  in  1797;  he  left  only  female 
descendants,  and  his  name  is  not  perpetuated  by  lineal  de- 
scent. 

JAMES  OTIS,  born  at  Barnstable,  Massachusetts,  February 
5,  1725,  died  in  Andover,  May  23,  1783;  graduated  at  Har- 
vard, 1743,  studied  law  and  began  practice  in  1748  at  Ply- 
mouth; removed  to  Boston  in  1750;  was  advocate-general,  but 
believing  the  writs  of  assistance  illegal,  refused  to  prosecute 
and  resigned;  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1764;  in  1765 
moved  for  a  call  of  delegates  from  the  several  colonies  to 
meet  in  a  congress  at  New  York;  in  1767,  elected  speaker  of 
the  Provincial  house;  when  accused  of  treason  by  the  com- 
missioners of  customs,  he  advertised  them  in  the  Boston 
Gazette,  denouncing  them  in  forcible  language;  in  an  affray 
with  one  of  these  commissioners  he  received  a  cut  in  the  head, 
from  which  derangement  followed;  he  was  never  perfectly 
sane  afterward,  although  once  elected  representative;  tried 
practicing  law  for  a  time  but  gave  it  up,  retiring  to  Andover; 
was  killed  by  a  stroke  of  lightning  while  standing  in  the 
door  of  his  boarding-house. 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  born  in  Quincy,  Mass.,  January  12, 
1737,  died  there  October  8,  1793;  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1754  and  entered  a  counting-house  of  his  relative,  who  died 
in  1764,  leaving  him  a  large  fortune,  which  he  employed  in 
the  mercantile  business;  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  as- 
sembly in  1766;  in  1770  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
which  demanded  the  removal  of  the  troops  from  Boston;  de- 
livered the  address  at  the  funeral  of  the  victims  of  the 
Boston  Massacre;  was  proscribed  along  with  Samuel  Adams 
and  had  a  price  set  upon  his  head;  in  1774  became  president 
of  the  Provincial  Congress;  chosen  president  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  the  same  year;  in  1776  signed  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  being  the  first  to  put  his  name  to  that 


76  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

noted  paper;  in  1780,  chosen  the  first  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts under  the  new  constitution  of  that  state;  was  a  liberal 
patron  of  Harvard  College. 

PATRICK  HENRY,  born  at  Studley,  Virginia,  May  29,  1736. 
died  at  Red  Hill,  June  (>,  1799;  attended  school  a  short 
period,  then  attended  a  private  grammar  school  taught  by 
his  father;  became  a  clerk  in  a  store  until  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  his  father  started  him  in  business  with  his  elder 
brother,  William;  they  were  too  indolent  to  succeed  and 
soon  gave  up  the  business,  becoming  insolvent;  he  married 
and  tried  farming,  Dut  was  too  lazy  to  cultivate  his  crops  in 
season  and  abandoned  this  calling  for  that  of  merchandising 
again;  read  Latin  and  Greek  authors,  refused  to  rise  when 
a  customer  came  in,  and  permitted  him  to  make  his  own 
selection,  and  when  he  tired  of  reading  he  would  lock  his 
store,  call  his  dogs  and  go  hunting;  became  bankrupt  and 
began  to  study  law,  living  with  his  father-in-law  and  doing 
nothing;  gained  his  famous  "one  penny"  damage  suit; 
elected  to  the  house  of  Burgesses  in  1765;  a  delegate  to 
Philadelphia  in  1774;  called  out  the  militia  when  he  heard 
of  the  battles  of  Concord  and  Lexington,  and  compelled  Lord 
Dunmore  to  pay  £330  for  powder  carried  away  from 
Williamsburg;  elected  colonel  of  the  first  regiment  raised 
in  Virginia,  but  resigned  soon  after;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
assembly  in  1776;  elected  governor  in  the  same  year  and 
filled  this  office  successively  till  1779;  returned  to  the  legis- 
lature and  again  to  the  governor's  chair  in  1783,  resigning 
in  1786;  opposed  the  ratification  of  the  Constitution  in  1788; 
retired  from  the  bar  in  1794;  declined  the  appointment  to 
the  office  of  secretary  of  state  in  1795,  when  Edmund  Ran- 
dolph resigned;  declined  that  of  envoy  to  France  under 
Adams,  and  that  of  governor  offered  him  in  1796;  made  his 
lasf,  speech  at  Charlotte  Court  House  in  1799. 

BEXJAMIN  WEST,    born    in   Springfield,   Penn. ,    October 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  77 

10,  1738,  died  in  London,  March  11,  1820;  began  to  make 
drawings  at  the  age  of  seven  and  when  nine  made  a  painting 
which  contained  evidences  of  superior  skill;  had  some  in- 
struction in  Philadelphia,  and  practiced  portrait  painting  in 
New  York  and  elsewhere;  went  to  Italy  in  1760  and  visited 
the  chief  studios,  and  afterwards  settled  down  in  London,  where 
he  married  Elizabeth  Shewell,  to  whom  he  was  betrothed  in 
America;  painted  the  "  Departure  of  Regulus  "  for  George  III; 
painted  in  all  over  400  separate  canvases,  all  showing  more 
or  less  genius,  one  of  the  finest  being  his  "Death  of 
Wolfe  ";  he  was  the  first  to  paint  subjects  in  the  costumes  of 
their  days  instead  of  the  classical  dress  of  the  old  masters; 
painted  twenty-eight  different  canvases  for  Windsor  Castle, 
all  representing  the  progress  of  revealed  religion;  painted 
"Christ  Healing  the  Sick  "  for  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  at 
Philadelphia;  his  most  remarkable  picture  was  "Death  on 
the  Pale  Horse"  ;  in  1792  succeeded  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  as 
president  of  the  Royal  Academy,  but  retired  in  1802;  re- 
elected  in  1803  and  retained  the  office  till  his  death. 

THOMAS  GODFRHY,  born  in  Philadelphia  about  1692,  died 
there  in  1749;  invented  the  quadrant  in  1730,  and  was  paid 
£200  for  his  invention,  in  furniture  instead  of  money,  on 
account  of  his  intemperate  habits;  he  was  a  thorough  mathe- 
matician and  a  genius  of  a  high  order,  but  intemperance  ruined 
his  brain  and  purse. 

JOHN  BARTRAM,  born  at  Marple,  Penn.,  1701,  died  1777; 
a  farmer,  but  mastered  the  languages  and  became  what  Lin- 
naeus pronounced  the  greatest  natural  botanist  in  the  world; 
founded  the  first  botanical  garden  in  the  New  World  a  few 
miles  below  Philadelphia;  visited  many  localities  in  the 
United  States,  and  gave  to  the  world  the  first  description  of 
many  new  varieties  of  plants;  was  made  a  Fellow  of  several  of 
the  foreign  scientific  societies. 

DAVID  RITTENHOUSE,  born  in  German  town,  Penn.,  1732, 


78  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

died  in  Philadelphia,  1796;  learned  to  make  clocks  without 
any  instruction  and  became  an  expert  clock-maker;  made  the 
initial  survey  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,  in  1763,  for  the 
proprietary  government;  was  employed  as  an  expert  to  deter- 
mine boundary  lines  between  other  colonies;  calculated  the 
transit  of  Venus  in  1769;  elected  to  the  Provincial  Legislature 
in  1775;  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1776;  State  Treasurer  from  1776  to  1789,  and  director  of  the 
mint  from  1792  to  1795;  in  1791  succeeded  Franklin  as 
president  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  in  1795 
was  chosen  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  London. 

JONATHAN  EDWARDS,  born  at  East  Windsor,  Connecticut, 
October  5,  1703,  died  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  March  22, 
1758;  was  trained  by  his  father  and  his  elder  sisters  to  habits 
of  close  study  and  analysis;  at  ten  he  wrote  a  paper  ridiculing 
the  idea  that  the  soul  is  material;  entered  Yale  in  1716;  at 
fifteen  denied  Locke's  idea  of  adding  to  matter  the  property 
of  thought,  and  held  that  everything  did  exist  from  all  eter- 
nity in  uncreated  ideas;  graduated  in  1720.  and  in  1722  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  preach  in  a  Presbyterian  church  at  Philadel- 
phia; in  1724  became  tutor  in  Yale  College;  in  1727  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  a  Northampton  church;  in  1731,  delivered 
the  Boston  Thursday  lecture;  resigned  his  charge  in  1750 
owing  to  some  doctrinal  difference  in  opinion;  became  a  mis- 
sionary to  a  small  body  of  Indians  at  Stockbridge,  Connecti- 
cut, and  studied  diligently  for  six  years;  in  1754  published 
his  celebrated  metaphysical  work  entitled,  "Inquiring  into 
the  Freedom  of  the  Will;"  installed  as  president  of  Prince- 
ton College  on  Feb.  16,  1758;  was  inoculated  for  the  small-pox, 
but  the  disease  took  an  unfavorable  course  and  he  died  thirty- 
four  days  after  his  installation,  aged  fifty-four. 

Note :  The  ethical  theory  of  Edwards  is  cosmical.  It  is 
universal  history  resting  on  the  principle  of  the  redemption 
of  the  world,  decreed  from  all  eternity;  the  gradual  progress 


REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  79 

and  advancement  of  the  race  through  the  presence  of  the  Di- 
vine Word,  and  its  ever  approaching  triumph  over  all  en- 
emies. Events  seem  confused,  like  the  work  of  an  architect 
who  employs  many  hands  in  many  kinds  of  labor  at  once,  but 
a  knowledge  of  the  design  removes  all  appearance  of  confu- 
sion; and  so  the  design  of  the  Divine  Word  in  redemption 
gives  unity  to  the  history  of  all  nations  of  the  earth.  The 
development  of  this  idea  employed  the  latest  thoughts  of 
Edwards.  American  Encyclopedia. 

BENEDICT  ARNOLD,  born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  Janu- 
ary 3,  1740,  died  in  London,  June  4,  1801;  an  unsuccessful 
merchant,  captain  of  a  company  of  the  governor's  guards 
1775,  commissioned  colonel  at  Cambridge;  assisted  Allen  to 
capture  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point  in  1775;  wounded  at 
Quebec  and  made  brigadier-general;  fought  the  British  on 
Lake  Champlain;  showed  great  bravery  at  Dan  bury;  relieved 
Fort  Stanwix  on  the  Mohawk;  entered  the  second  battle  of 
Bemis  Heights  without  permission,  showing  much  daring,  and 
was  severely  wounded;  court-martialed  at  Philadelphia,  and 
reprimanded  by  Washington  1780;  married  Miss  Shippen,  a 
lady  of  strong  Tory  sentiments,  solicited  and  obtained  com- 
mand of  West  Point;  discovered  in  his  treasonable  plots  to 
surrender  West  Point,  September  23,  1780,  but  escaped  to  the 
British  command  at  New  York;  commissioned  major-general 
in  the  British  army,  led  marauding  expeditions  to  Connecti- 
cut and  Virginia;  went  to  England  when  Cornwallis  surren- 
dered, and  received  a  considerable  sum  of  money  from  the 
government;  his  future  life  was  neither  prosperous  nor  happy; 
being  shunned  by  men  of  honor  and  frequently  insulted,  he 
sank  into  utter  obscurity,  and  died  at  the  date  mentioned. 

ROGER  SHERMAN,  born  in  Newton,  Massachusetts,  April 
19,  1721,  died  in  New  Haven,  July  23,  1793;  a  shoemaker  at 
Newton,  Mass. ;  removed  to  Milford  and  became  a  surveyor; 
calculated  the  data  for  an  almanac  for  several  years;  elected 
to  the  General  Assembly  for  several  terms;  removed  to  New 


80  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Haven  and  became  Judge  of  Common  Pleas  and  a  member  of 
the  Upper  House,  holding  both  offices  for  nineteen  years 
and  the  judgeship  till  1789;  a  member  of  the  Continental 
and  United  States  Congress  from  1774  to  1791,  when  he  was 
elected  U.  S.  senator;  treasurer  of  Yale  College  for  many 
years;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  an 
efficient  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1787. 

ISRAEL  PUTNAM,  born  in  Danvers,  Massachusetts,  Jauu- 
uary  7,  1718,  died  in  Brooklyn,  Connecticut,  May  19,  1790; 
a  patriot  and  soldier;  noted  for  his  physical  strength;  of  lim- 
ited education;  a  farmer  in  Pomfret,  Connecticut;  a  captain 
in  Colonel  Lyman's  regiment  in  1755;  was  with  Johnson  in 
1756  at  Crown  Point;  commissioned  major  in  1757;  served 
under  Amherst  in  1759;  was  at  Detroit  in  the  Pontiac  war; 
kept  hotel  at  Brooklyn;  represented  the  district  in  the  legis- 
lature; organized  a  regiment  and  marched  to  Cambridge  in 
1775;  burned  a  British  sloop  off  East  Boston;  commissioned 
major-generel  by  Washington  and  Congress;  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Long  Island;  removed  from  his  command  in 
1778;  completed  the  fortification  at  West  Point  in  1779; 
died  of  paralysis  at  Brooklyn. 


CONSTITUTIONAL   PERIOD. 

MISCELLANEOUS    NOTES. 

1.  Make  some  attempt  to  know  something  of  each  promi- 
nent man  mentioned  in  this  period.     It  is  of  infinitely  more 
value  to  knoic  something  of  an  actor,  as  a  man,  than  to  be  able 
to  tell  of  all  his  actions.     Actions  sometimes  speak  plainer 
than  words;  but,  what  was  the  impulse  which  produced  the 
action?     Was  it  good  or  bad? 

To  get  this  information  read  sketches,   notes,   lives  and 
biographies. 

2.  If  you  know  of  an  old  history  with  quaint  cuts  in  it, 
borrow  it  and  read  its  contents. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  81 

Take  your  geography  and  look  over  the  part  devoted  to 
history  and  compare  it  with  your  history. 

3.  Study  the  pictures  in  your  history  as  you  read  the  text. 
If  you  know  of  any  historical  picture,  go  and  look  at  it  when 
studying  the  events  which  it  illustrates. 

4.  Have  you  ever  seen  a  fac-simile  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  written  by  Jefferson?      If   not,   inquire    "  all 
over  the  neighborhood  '*  till  you  get  trace  of  one.      Have  you 
seen  an  illuminated  copy  of  Rev.  Douche's  First  Prayer  in 
Congress?     Have  you  heard  of  a  piece  of  Continental  money 
in  your  vicinity?     If  so,  go  and  see  it.      When  you  go  to  the 
city,  go  to  some  bank,  introduce  yourself  to  the  oldest  gen- 
tleman in  it,  tell  him  your  father's  name,  the  name  of  the 
school  where  you  attend,  and  that  you  want  to  see  some  old 
coins,  paper  money,    etc.,  if   he  has  no  objections.     If  he 
obliges  you,  do  not  ask  him  many  questions  about  them  unless 
he  encourages  it.   Take  pencil  notes  of  those  which  interest  you. 

5.  If  you  find  a  historical  note  of  importance,  bring  it  to 
school  with  you,  and  call  the  attention  of  your  teacher  to  it. 
Compare  its  statements  with  those  of  your  author  and  see 
how  they  compare  as  to  certain  points. 


STUDY  XVI. 

CONSTITUTIONAL  PERIOD. 


BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

1789  to   1797. 


WASHINGTON. 
"The  Father 


Seat  of  Government. 


i  >7Qn  J 

0  "j  First  Census. 

,  Vermont. 

I79lj  U.S.  Bank, 

of  his  1.        .  ,-QO  j  Kentucky. 

"  \  Cotton  Gin. 


Country." 
FEDERALIST. 


1793  —  Corner-Stone. 

1794  —  Whisky. 

1795  —  Mississippi. 

1796  —  Tennesee. 


82  UNITED    STATES    HISTOBY. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  After  reading  your  author  on  Wash- 
ington's Administration,  repeat  until  thoroughly  learned: 
"  Washington  was  president  from  1789-1797."  "In  1790 
Congress  decreed  that  the  seat  of  government  should  remain 
for  ten  years  at  Philadelphia."  "In  1791  Vermont  was  admit- 
ted into  the  Union  as  a  State;  and  the  II.  S.  Bank  was  estab- 
lished." "  In  1792  Kentucky  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as 
a  State;  Eli  Whitney  invented  the  cotton  gin,  and  Washing- 
ton laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  old  capitol."  "In  1794  the 
Whisky  Insurrection  of  Pennsylvania  occurred."  "In  1795 
we  obtained  the  undisputed  right  of  navigating  the  Missis- 
sippi River."  "In  1796  Tennessee  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  as  a  State." 

2.  Read  your  authors  to  determine  how  many  and  what 
branches  of  government  were  adopted  by  accepting  the  con- 
stitution. Make  out  and  accept  some  such  blackboard  form 
as  the  following: 

I(  House  of  Rep-  } 
Legislative.    •<       resentatives.     >  Congress. 

(  Senate.  ) 

Branches.      4     Executive,      j  President. 

(  (Cabinet.) 

Judicial.          (  Supreme.     )  Courtg 

(  Inferior.      j 

Do  you  call  "Legislative,  Executive  and  Judicial"  depart- 
ments, or  branches?  Why?  How  many  and  what  depart- 
ments under  Washington?  How  many  and  what  departments 
to-day? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

181.  Was  Washington  ever  wounded  in  battle? 

182.  What  was  Eli  Whitney  doing  when  he  invented  the 
cotton  gin? 

183.  Who  invented  the  lightning  rod?     When? 

184.  Who  said,  "Friendship  to  all,  but  entangling  alii 
ance  with  none  "  ? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  83 

185.  Why  was  Washington  not  inaugurated  on  the  4th 
of  March? 

186.  Who  administers  the  oath  of  office  to  the  president? 

187.  What  is  the   meaning  of  Kentucky,  Vermont  and 
Tennessee? 

188.  With  whom  was  Eli   Whitney  boarding  when  he 
invented  the  cotton  gin? 

189.  Who  was  the  Cincinnatus  of  the  West? 

190.  Did  Washington  have  any  children?     Who  was  his 
wife? 

REVIEW. — See   review   at   the   close   of    the   Settlement 
Period. 

"  SET    QUESTIONS." 

Copy  these  questions  on  a  slip  of  paper  and  file  it  in  your 
history. 

1.  When  and  where  inaugurated? 

2.  Who  was  his  successor?     Predecessor? 

3.  Who  was  his  vice-president? 

4.  What  States  were  admitted? 

5.  What  wars,  if  any?     Cause? 

6.  What  other  important  events? 

7.  Elected  by  what  party? 

8.  Which  in  order  of  the  presidents? 

9.  Were  there  any  Indian  troubles? 
10.    Queer  queries  by  the  class. 

Apply  the  above  questions  to  the  study  of  each  adminis- 
tration as  you  progress  from  one  to  the  next  in  order. 


84  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Virginia,  February  22,  1732;  was  given  a  common  school 
education  which  consisted  of  a  limited  knowledge  of  reading, 
writing,  spelling  and  arithmetic;  he  also  obtained  some 
knowledge  of  bookkeping  and  surveying;  his  orthography 
was  quite  defective;  was  appointed  a  midshipman's  place 
at  the  age  of  fourteen,  but  his  mother's  opposition  kept  him 
at  home;  he  was  employed  by  Lord  Fairfax  to  survey  his 
large  estates,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and  surveyed  much  of  the 
ground  that  was  so  soon  to  become  the  scene  of  military 
operations  in  the  battle  for  freedom;  went  to  Barbadoes  with 
his  brother  Lawrence,  who  had  to  return,  and  died  im- 
mediately after  arriving  home;  came  into  possession  of 
a  large  estate  through  the  death  of  his  brother;  car- 
ried Governor  Dunwiddie's  message  through  a  dense  forest 
of  600  miles  to  the  French  commandant  at  Fort  Du  Quesne, 
beset  by  hostile  Indians  and  rugged  obstructions  in  the 
shape  of  rivers,  mountains  and  inclement  weather;  commanded 
a  few  troops  at  Great  Meadows  and  won  the  action  against 
M.  Jumonville;  capitulated  at  Ft.  Necessity  to  greatly 
superior  numbers;  was  with  Braddock  in  his  defeat,  having 
four  bullet  holes  in  his  coat  and  two  horses  shot  under  him; 
January  17,  1859,  married  Mrs.  Martha  Custis,  the  wealthy 
widow  of  John  Parke  Custis;  became  a  member  of  the  Pro- 
visional Assembly  and  passed  his  winters  at  Williamsburg, 
the  capital  of  Virginia;  became  a  farmer  or  planter; 
his  estate  of  8000  acres  was  divided  into  five  large 
farms,  one  of  which  contained  a  flouring  mill;  raised 
wheat,  corn,  tobacco,  etc.;  June  15,  1775  was  elected  com- 
mander-iu-chief  of  the  Continental  Army;  July  3,  1775, 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  85 

took  command  of  the  army  at  Boston;  saw  Boston  evacuated 
March  17,  1776,  quickly  followed  by  the  Long  Island  and 
Ft.  Washington  losses;  in  quick  succession  saw  the  brilliant 
successes  at  Trenton  and  Princeton,  the  reverse  at  Brandy- 
wine,  the  unsuccessful  attack  on  Germantown,  the  terrible 
winter  at  Valley  Forge,  Monmouth  victory  and  the  capitula- 
tion at  Yorktown;  December  23,1783,  delivered  his  parting  ad- 
dress of  simplicity  and  beauty,  resigned  his  office  as  commander- 
in-chief  to  the  Congress  at  Annapolis  and  retii'ed  to  Mt.  Ver- 
non;  endowed  a  college  at  Lexington,  in  Rockbridge  County, 
Virginia,  named  for  him;  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  which  met  at  Philadelphia  in  May,  1787;  elected 
president  of  this  Convention, but  usually  called  Nathaniel  Gor- 
ham,  of  Massachusetts  to  the  chair;  chosen  the  first  president 
of  the  United  States  and  inaugurated  April  30,  1789,  at  New 
York;  made  a  tour  of  the  eastern  states  in  the  same  year  and  of 
the  southern  states  in  the  early  spring  of  1790;  re-elected  presi- 
dent in  1792;  called  out  the  troops  to  settle  the  Whisky  In- 
surrection in  Pennsylvania;  issued  his  "  Farewell  Address" 
September  17,  1796;  was  appointed  Lieutenant-General  of  the 
armies  in  1797;  his  last  words  were,  "It  is  well."  He  died 
after  a  brief  illness,  on  Friday,  December  13,  1799. 

NOTE.  —  Washington  was  6  ft.  2  in.  high;  his  person, 
spare  and  well  suited  to  activity  ;  his  hair,  brown;  his  eyes, 
blue;  his  hands,  large  and  his  arms  quite  muscular;  he  was  an 
excellent  horseman  and  loved  the  chase;  was  scrupulously  at- 
tentive to  his  attire  and  personal  appearance;  was  gracious 
and  gentle  to  the  young,  but  cold  and  sedate  in  public  as- 
semblages; he  had  profound  respect  for  religion  in  all  its 
phases  and  was  a  communicant  in  the  Episcopal  Church. 


86  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XVII. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 
A  ,  f  1797  tO  1801. 

Adams,  ,  *~~  T->  i   A 

"The  Firm  1798  RePrlsal  Act- 

A  Alt      J?  II  111  -.    L.  -,  _      ITT          1     • 

c,   ,      ,.  .  „     x      1799  Washington, 
federalist.  ,  m  en 

1800  -I  Treaty  °f  Commerce. 
Federalist.        [  )  Seat  of  Government. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  all  you  find  concerning  the  Alien 
and  Sedition  Laws.  2.  Give  the  import  of  these  laws  in 
your  own  language.  3.  Read  any  sketch  of  Adams's  life. 
4.  What  is  a  reprisal  law?  5.  Find  all  you  can  concern- 
ing Washington's  death  and  funeral.  6.  Explain  how  it 
was  that  the  seat  of  government  could  be  removed  this 
year. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

191.  Did  John  Adams  dismiss  Washington's  Cabinet  and 
nominate  a  new  one? 

192.  What  is  Washington's  most  precious  "  legacy"? 

193.  Who  was   the    "Colossus    of   American  Independ- 
ence"? 

194.  Who  said,  "  Millions  for  defense  but   not  one  cent 
for  tribute  "  ? 

195.  What  was  called  the  "  Quasi  War"  ? 

196.  What  person   elected   Jefferson    president   of    the 
United  States? 

197.  When  was  the   Twelfth  Amendment  to   the  Consti- 
tution ratified? 

198.  What  two  ex-presidents  lay  dying  on  the  fiftieth  an- 
niversary of  the  Declaration  of  Independence? 

199.  Who  said,    "The   executive   authority  had    to    be 
stretched  till  it  cracked  in  order  to  purchase  Louisiana  "  ? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  87 

200.    Who  gave  General  Greene  two  bags  of  specie    just 
when  he  needed  it  most?  (1781.) 

REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

10  to  20  inclusive.     See   review  at  close  of   the  Colonial 
Period. 


88  UNITED    STATICS    HISTOBY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JOHN  ADAMS  was  born  October  19,  1735,  in  the  town  of 
Braintree,  Massachusetts;  was  given  a  classical  education  in 
Harvard  College  and  graduated  in  1755;  taught  a  grammar 
school  at  Worcester,  which  he  characterized  as  "  a  school  of 
afflictions,"  and  studied  law  in  his  leisure  moments;  thought 
seriously  of  entering  the  ministry,  but  gave  it  up,  as  he  said, 
on  account  of  "the  frightful  engines  of  ecclesiastical  coun- 
cils, of  diabolical  malice  and  Calvinistic  good  nature  "  which 
"terrified  him  out  of  it";  in  1764  married  Abigail  Smith  of 
Weymouth;  entered  the  political  debates  on  the  Stamp 
Act  and  other  British  oppressions,  championed  the  cause 
of  the  oppressed  and  witnessed  the  destruction  of  Oliver's 
furniture  and  Governor  Hutchinson's  office  fixtures  on  ac- 
count of  their  handling  the  obnoxious  stamps;  became 
a  writer  in  the  Boston  Gazette  and  advocated  the  ' '  Rights 
of  the  Colonies  "  as  well  as  opposition  to  British  oppression; 
as  a  lawyer,  defended  Captain  Preston  in  his  trial  as  con- 
nected with  the  "Boston  Massacre";  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
legislature  and  removed  to  Braintree;  soon  returned  to  Boston 
and  was  elected  to  the  Provincial  Congress,  resumed  his  able 
communications  in  the  interest  of  freedom;  attended  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  at  Philadelphia  in  1775  as  a  delegate; 
nominated  George  Washington  as  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Continental  Armies;  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  Colonies 
in  1776,  but  resigned  before  taking  his  seat;  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  on  foreign 
relations;  served  on  numerous  important  committees  through 
the  Revolution;  went  to  Fi-ance  as  a  commissioner,  to  take  the 
place  of  Silas  Deane  in  1777;  after  his  return  served  as  dele- 
gate to  his  State  convention,  and  was  appointed  minister  to 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  89 

France  in  1779;  was  commissioned  minister  to  Holland  before 
his  return  from  France;  was  recalled  to  Paris  on  his  former 
mission,  and  after  signing  numerous  clauses  to  treaties  and 
negotiating  loans  from  Holland  he  returned  and  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  United  States  and  became  president  of 
the  senate;  was  a  strong  adherent  of  Washington,  and  was 
re-elected  vice-president  in  1792;  was  elected  president  over 
Jefferson  by  two  electoral  votes  in  1 796;  was  defeated  in  1800 
by  Jefferson  and  Burr,  who  tied  in  the  electoral  college;  re- 
tired from  Washington  without  witnessing  the  inaugural  of 
his  successor,  owing  to  some  misunderstanding  in  the  political 
debates  of  the  campaign,  and  entered  upon  the  superintend- 
ence of  his  farming  interests  at  Braintree,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  July  4,  1826. 

NOTE. — John  Adams  was  not  tall  but  of  a  stout  and 
robust  build,  denoting  vigor  and  strength,  but  as  he  grew  older 
he  inclined  more  to  corpulency;  his  eye  was  mild  and  enticing; 
his  head  large  and  round  with  a  wide  forehead  and  large  eye- 
brows; he  was  a  brilliant  conversationalist  and  a  deliberate 
speaker. 


90 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


Declaration  of     - 
Independence. " 


Republican. 
(Democrat. ) 

DIRECTIONS. — 1. 


1804 


STUDY  XVIII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

1801  to  1809. 
Jefferson,  1801  to  1805  Tripolitan. 

1802  Ohio. 
"Writer  of  the  1803  Louisiana. 

Burr — Hamilton. 
Lewis  and  Clark. 
Webster's  Dictionary. 
Burr's  Conspiracy. 
(    Steamboat. 
1807-j    Slave  Trade. 
(    Embargo  Act. 

Read  any  short  sketch  of  Jefferson's 
life.  (That  found  in  the  cyclopedia  is  best).  2.  Read  all  at 
hand  concerning  the  Tripolitan  War.  Determine  its  cause. 
How  settled.  3.  Read  all  you  can  find  concerning  the  Ordi- 
nance of  1787.  How  many  and  what  States  have  been 
framed  from  the  territory  affected  by  it?  4.  Read  the  Burr- 
Hamilton  duel  as  a  separate  topic.  5.  Read  a  full  account  of 
Fulton's  steamboat.  Collect  all  the  pictures  of  it  you  can. 

6.  Read  to  determine  what  was  meant  by  the  British  Right 
of  Search.     The  Milan  Decree.     British  Orders  in   Council. 

7.  What  body  selected  Jefferson  as  president?     Who  was  his 
opponent? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

201.  Who  was  the  Sage  of  Monticello? 

202.  What  man  fell  in  a  duel  on  the  same  spot  as  his 
son  had  before  fallen? 

203.  What  man  who  lacked  but  one  vote  of  becoming 
president  afterward  slept  on  the  floor  of  a  common  jail  at 
Richmond? 

204.  What  president  wrote  his  own  epitaph?     Repeat  it. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PEBIOD.  91 

205.  What  was  the  paper  called  upon  which  Jefferson 
wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence? 

206.  What  president,  while  yet  a  mere  lad.  rode  an  un- 
broken colt  to  death? 

207.  What  two  States  presented  the  District  of  Columbia 
to  the  U.  S.  Government? 

208.  What  did  Washington  lay  his  hands  upon  when  he 
took  the  oath  of  office  as  president? 

209.  What  did  a  poor  schoolmaster  do  on  the  spot  where 
Cincinnati  now  stands?     (1789). 

210.  When  do  we  hold  our  National  election? 

REVIEW. 

21.  Write  a  list  of  the  presidents  to  1809,  with  the  name 
of  the  vice-president  opposite  each. 

22.  Name  all  the  wars  with  the  dates  from  1789  to  1809. 

23.  Make  a  list  of  States  admitted,  with  dates  from  1789 
to  1809. 

24.  How  many  and  what  States  have  been  carved  out  of 
the  Northwest  Territory? 

25.  Name  the  members  of  Washington's  Cabinet.    Name 
title  of  each. 

26.  Write  a  good  history  of  the  cotton  gin. 

27.  Tell   all  about   the  cause  and  the    outcome  of    the 
Whisky  Insurrection. 

28.  What  were  the  Alien  and  Sedition  Laws? 

29.  When   and   of    whom   did   we  purchase   Louisiana? 
What  did  the  Territory  then  include? 

30.  Give  a  complete  history  of  the  steamboat. 


92  UNITED    STATES    H1STUKY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  born  at  Shadwell,  Albermarle 
county,  Virginia,  April  2,  1743;  was  sent  to  an  English 
school  at  five,  began  the  study  of  Latin  at  nine  and  that  of 
French  and  Greek  at  ten,  under  the  tutelage  of  a  Mr.  Douglass, 
a  Scottish  clergyman;  after  his  father's  death  in  1*757  he  en- 
tered the  classical  school  of  Rev.  Maury  where  he  continued 
for  two  years,  entering  the  college  of  William  and  Mary  in 
1760;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1767;  was 
chosen  to  represent  his  county  in  the  house  of  Burgesses  at 
the  age  of  twenty-six;  removed  to  the  famous  residence  of 
"Monticello  "  ;  married,  January  1,  1772,  a  Mrs.  Martha  Skel- 
ton,  widow  of  Mr.  Bathurst  Skelton,  who  owned  one  hundred 
and  thirty-five  slaves  and  forty  thousand  acres  of  land,  thus 
doubling  his  estate  and  property;  introduced  a  bill  into  the 
house  of  Burgesses  advocating  the  rights  of  British  Ameri- 
cans, which  caused  Parliament  to  enroll  him  as  a  traitor;  was 
sent  to  the  Continental  Congress  at  Philadelphia  and  arrived 
eight  days  after  Washington  was  appointed  commander  of 
the  army;  was  the  author  of  the  "  Summary  View,"  a  reply 
to  Lord  North's  conciliatory  proposition  and  which  was  read 
before  the  Congress  and  received  with  general  approbation; 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  for  drafting  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  was  re-elected  to  the  Virginia  house  of  Bur- 
gesses in  October,  1776;  spent  two  years  in  revising  the 
Virginia  statutes  so  as  to  exchule  every  semblance  and  ap- 
pearance of  aristocracy  by  banishing  the  law  of  entail,  the 
law  of  primogeniture,  the  feudal  and  unnatural  distinctions 
which  made  one  member  of  a  family  rich  and  another  poor; 
it  restored  the  rights  of  conscience  and  relieved  the  people 
from  taxation  for  a  religion  which  they  did  not  admire;  he 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  93 

carried  these  points  after  a  bitter  canvass  and  won  the  battle 
for  free  thought  and  equal  rights ;  proposed  and  procured  the 
passage  of  a  bill  forbidding  the  future  importation  of  slaves 
in  1778;  June  1,  1779,  elected  governor  of  his  State  and  wit- 
nessed the  incursion  of  Arnold,  the  traitor,  who  sacked  Rich- 
mond, the  new  capital,  January  5,  1781,  and  narrowly  escaped 
being  captured  by  Tarleton  at  Monticello  the  same  year;  de- 
clined re-election  in  1781;  returned  to  Congress  in  1783;  pro- 
posed and  secured  the  adoption  of  the  present  system  of  coinage, 
changing  pounds,  shillings  and  pence  to  dollars  and  cents;  in 
May,  1784,  he  was  made  one  of  the  commissioners  to  assist 
John  Adams  and  Benjamin  Franklin  in  securing  treaties  of 
commerce  with  the  different  nations,  and  in  July  in  company 
with  his  daughter  met  them  at  Paris  and  concluded  treaties 
with  Prussia  and  Morocco;  in  1785  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  France,  in  place  of  Franklin,  who  had  re- 
signed; was  on  a  leave  of  absence  when  he  accepted  the  office 
of  secretary  of  state  under  Washington  in  March,  1790;  re- 
signed from  the  cabinet  December  31,  1793,  and  retired  to 
Monticello;  defeated  for  the  presidency  by  John  Adams  in 
1796,  but  under  the  law  of  that  time,  having  the  next  highest 
vote,  was  duly  declared  elected  vice-president  and  was  sworn 
into  office  March  4,1797;  was  elected  presidentin  1801, although 
the  electoral  vote  had  tied  himself  and  Aaron  Burr;  the 
house  of  representatives  decided  in  his  favor  on  the  36th 
ballot,  thus  seating  Burr  as  vice-president;  was  re-elected  pres- 
ident in  1804,  with  George  Clinton  as  vice-president;  had 
Aaron  Burr  arrested  in  1806,  on  a  charge  of  treason;  retired 
from  public  life  in  1810  and  took  no  active  part  in  anything 
except  the  founding  of  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1818- 
1819;  died  July  4,  1826,  a  few  hours  before  John  Adams;  on 
the  same  day  and  nearly  the  same  hour,  just  fifty  years  previ 
ous,  he  and  Adams  had  attached  their  signatures  to  the  Declar- 
ation of  Independence;  he  was  an  original  thinke-  in  every 


94  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

line  of  abstract  thought,  and  despised  the  very  semblance  of 
form  in  religion  or  state. 

NOTE. — Jefferson  was  tall,  thin  and  angular  in  person; 
had  a  ruddy  complexion,  red  hair,  and  bright  blue  eyes, 
bordering  on  the  hazel,  in  appearance.  He  mingled  freely 
with  the  common  people  and  held  to  the  doctrine  that  all  men 
are  equal  and  no  man  better  than  another.  He  refused  to  be 
waited  upon  by  a  committee  to  inform  him  of  his  election,  but 
ordered  the  result  sent  to  him  through  the  post-office.  He 
never  made  a  formal  public  speech,  but  his  power  as  a  poli- 
tician was  immense.  His  faith  in  simple  ways  of  living  are 
fully  illustrated  by  the  following  quotation,  viz. :  The  people 
will  remain  virtuous  as  long  as  agriculture  is  our  principal 
object,  which  will  be  the  case  while  there  remain  vacant  lands 
in  America.  When  we  get  piled  upon  one  another  in  large 
cities  as  in  Europe,  we  shall  become  corrupt  as  the  people  are 
in  Europe. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


95 


STUDY  XIX. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


Madison. 
"The  True 
Republican. " 


Republican. 
(Democrat. ) 


1809 


1811 


\ 


1812  H 


1813 


1809  to  1817. 

Embargo. 
Non-Intercourse. 
1810  --  Proclamation. 
Tippecanoe. 
Little  Belt. 
War  declared. 
Louisiana. 
Detroit. 
Queenstown. 
Naval  Operations. 
Frenchtown. 
Fort  Meigs. 
Fort  Stephenson. 
Battle  of  Lake  Erie. 
Thames. 
York. 

Fort  George. 
Greek  and  Seminole. 
Sea  Fights. 
Chesapeake. 
Fort  Erie. 
Chippewa. 
Lundy's  Lane. 
Fort  Erie. 
Plattsburgh. 
Bladensburg. 
Baltimore. 
Fort  McHenry. 
Sea  Fights. 
Ghent. 

New  Orleans. 
Sea  Fights. 
U.  S.  Bank. 
Indiana. 


1814 


1815 


1816 


96  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  a  good  sketch  of  Madison's  life. 
2.  Read  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  as  a  separate  topic.  3. 
Ditto  the  affair  of  the  Little  Belt.  4.  Trace  Hull  in  your 
author  from  Detroit  into  Canada,  and  back  to  place  of  sur- 
render. Make  form  for  Hull  similar  to  that  for  Washington. 
5.  Trace  General  Harrison  in  the  same  manner  through  his 
campaigns.  6.  Read  all  you  can  find  concerning  the  cause 
of  this  war  and  then  frame  your  own  answer.  7.  Turn  to 
Washington's  Administration,  read  the  author  on  the  U.  S. 
Bank,  then  read  what  is  said  of  it  in  1811  and  again  in  1816. 
8.  Read  to  know  why  Jackson  fought  the  battle  of  New 
Orleans  after  peace  was  declared. 

9.  Be  positive  as  to  who  Madison's  vice-presidents  were. 

10.  Are  the  following  results  of  the  war  correctly  stated? 

a.  We  gained  the  respect  of  European  Nations  and  estab- 
lished the  superiority  of  our  little  navy. 

b.  We  convinced  the  world  that  it  was  impossible  for  a 
foreign  power  to  get  a  permanent  foothold  upon  our  own 
territory. 

c.  Our  attempts  at  invasion  convinced  us  that  we  were  a 
defensive  nation. 

d.  The  British  blockade  made  us  a  manufacturing  nation, 
and  from  this  we  derive  our  own  independence  among  the 
nations  of  the  earth. 

Can  you  give  other  good  results? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

211.  What  did  General  Hull  display  as  a  sign  of  distress 
at  Detroit? 

212.  Upon  what  was  General  Pike  sitting  when  he  was 
blown  up? 

213.  How  did  Major  Croghan  defend  Fort  Stephenson 
with  its  single  gun? 

214.  Who  said,  "  Don't  give  up  the  ship"  ? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  97 

215.  When  Perry  gained  the  victoiy  on  Lake  Erie  what 
dispatch  did  he  send  to  General  Harrison? 

216.  Who  said,  "  I'll  try,  sir  "  ? 

217.  Who  wrote  the  Star-Spangled  Banner,  and  when? 

218.  In    what   part   of    the   body   was    each    American 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans? 

219.  What  did  the  Southern  Indians  think  would  happen 
when  Tecumseh  stamped  upon  the  ground? 

220.  Why  did  Jackson  fight  the  battle  of  New  Orleans 
after  the  declaration  of  peace? 

REVIEW. 

31.  What  troubled  Massachusetts  just  two  hundred  years 
after  Columbus  discovered  America?     Tell  of  it. 

32.  Name  and  tell  of  a  discovery  made  three  hundred 
years  before  the  war  of  1812. 

33.  Tell  all  about  an  important  event  which  occurred  two 
hundred  years  before  Fulton  tried  his  Clerraont. 

34.  Tell  all  about  a  rebellion  which  occurred  one  hundred 
years  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

35.  Write  the  form  for  Washington's  Administration. 

36.  Ditto  for  John  Adams's. 

37.  Ditto  for  Thomas  Jefferson's. 

38.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  Reprisal  Act,  Alien 
and  Sedition  Laws. 

39.  Ditto  Napoleon's  Milan  Decree.     British  Right  of 
Search. 

40.  Ditto  British  Blockade.     British  Orders  in  Council. 
The  Non-intercourse  Act. 


9$  UNITED    STATES    HISTOBY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  MADISON  was  born  at  King  George,  Virginia, 
March  16,  1751,  received  a  good  education  in  the  common 
school  branches  of  study  and  entered  Princeton  College,  N. 
J. ,  in  1769,  graduating  in  1771;  remained  at  Princeton  until 
1772,  taking  a  course  of  reading  under  Dr.  Witherspoon, 
then  president  of  the  college;  pursued  a  private  course  of 
reading  in  a  legal,  religious  and  philosophical  line  for  some 
years;  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  convention  in  1776, 
where  he  defended  the  freedom  of  conscience  in  all  matters 
pertaining  to  religion;  in  1779  he  was  chosen  by  the  Assembly 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1780. 
On  his  return  to  Virginia  he  was  elected  for  a  fourth  term  to 
the  General  Assembly,  the  law  limiting  service  to  three  terms 
having  been  repealed;  was  sent  a  delegate  to  the  Annapolis 
convention  in  1796;  chosen  a  delegate  to  the  constitutional 
convention  at  Philadelphia,  which  met  in  May,  1787;  wrote 
a  series  of  essays  on  the  new  form  of  government  proposed, 
which  were  published  in  the  Federalist,  of  1787-1788;  was 
defeated  for  the  office  of  U.  S.  Senator  in  1788,  but  sent  as  a 
Representative  in  1789;  declined  a  foreign  mission  as  well  as 
the  Secretaryship  of  State,  when  Jefferson  resigned ;  married 
a  Mrs.  Todd  in  1794;  served  as  Secretary  of  State  under 
Jefferson,  and  was  elected  President  in  1808,  taking  his  seat 
March  4,  1809;  in  August,  1810,  proclaimed  the  non-inter- 
course act  against  Great  Britain;  June  18,  1811,  issued  a 
proclamation  asking  the  people  to  prepare  for  war;  re-elected 
President  in  1812  and  sworn  into  office  March  4,  1813;  com- 
pelled to  leave  the  capital  on  the  approach  of  the  British  in 
1814;  retired  to  Montpelier,  Va.,  March  4,  1817,  and  applied 
himself  to  the  pursuits  of  agricultural  superintendence,  but  was 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  99 

called  to  assist  in  reforming  the  old  constitution  of  Virginia. 
This  was  his  last  appearance  in  public;  died  June  28,  1828, 
at  Montpelier,  Va. 

NOTE. — Madison,  while  not  endowed  with  the  first  order  of 
ability,  had  a  symmetrical  and  vigorous  mind.  He  was 
naturally  deficient  in  the  powers  of  oratory,  but  by  long  usage 
mastered  the  power  of  holding  his  hearers,  and  became  a  most 
effective  speaker.  His  memory  was  most  singularly  tenacious, 
and  when  he  had  once  read  an  article  it  was  immediately 
assimilated  and  became  a  part  of  the  contents  of  his  great 
storehouse  of  facts,  to  be  drawn  upon  at  leisure.  He  was 
sometchat  taciturn  in  public,  but  in  conversation  he  was  im- 
pressive; he  told  a  good  story,  and  was  wont  to  propound 
puns  upon  words,  in  his  old  age.  After  Washington,  no  ont 
was  venerated  with  greater  respect  than  James  Madison. 


100 


STATES    UISTOBY 


STUDY  XX. 


BLACKBOARD     FORM. 


Monroe, 
"The  Poor 
but  Spotless 
President. " 

Republican. 
(Democrat. ) 


1817 


1820 


1817  to  1825. 
(  Seminole. 
(  Mississippi. 
1818—  Illinois. 
Alabama. 
Savannah. 
Florida. 
Maine. 
Mo.  Compromise. 

1821  —  Missouri. 

1822  —  Monroe  Doctrine. 
1824—  La  Fayette. 

DIRECTIONS.  —  1.  Read  of  this  administration  in  a  general 
way.  2.  It  would  now  be  well  to  go  back  to  the  Brandy  wine 
and  trace  La  Fayette  through  the  American  Revolution.  3. 
Read  your  author  to  determine  what  the  army  of  the  West, 
Center,  and  the  North  did  in  1813.  4.  Read  all  you  can  find 
concerning  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  5.  Are  you 
sure  that  you  know  what  was  meant  by  the  Missouri  Com- 
promise? 

QUEER     QUERIES. 

221.  Of  whom  has  it  been  said    that  "if  his   soul  was 
turned  wrong  side   out   there  would   not   be  found   a   single 
blot  on  it  "  ? 

222.  What  president  was  the  "  father  of  a  president"? 

223.  Why  was  Monroe's  second  inauguration  on  the  5th 
or  March? 

224.  What  was  the  name  of  the  vessel  which  carried  La 
Fayette  home? 

225.  What  was   the  first   steam  vessel   that   crossed  the 
Atlantic? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  101 

226.  When  was  the  American  Bible  Society  established? 

227.  Why  were  the  Blue  Laws  of  Connecticut  so  called? 

228.  What  was  the  length  of  an  early  New  England  ser- 
mon? 

229.  If   a   woman  went   to   sleep    during   one    of    these 
lengthy  sermons  what  was  done  to  wake  her? 

230.  Was  slavery  introduced  in  1620  or  1619? 

REVIEW. 

NOTE. — You  are  to  be  graded  on  spelling,  capitalization 
and  paragraphing  in  this  review. 

41.  Write  about  Queen  Anne's  War. 

42.  Write  about  the  Missouri  Compromise. 

43.  Make  a  list  of  States   admitted   from  1789  to  1825. 
Give  dates. 

44.  Tell  of  La  Fayette's  visit  in  1824. 

45.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

46.  Tell  about  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  and  the  cession 
of  Florida. 

47.  Make  a  list  of  presidents  as  far  as  studied,  with    the 
vice-presidents. 

48.  What  was   the   cause   of   the   whisky   insurrection? 
Tripolitan  War  ?     War  of  1 8 1 2  ? 

49.  After  studying  the  events  of  1813,  write  them. 

50.  Write  the  form  for  Madison's  Administration.     Mon- 
roe's. 


102  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  MONROE  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Vir- 
ginia, April  28,  1758;  he  was  educated  at  William  and  Mary 
college,  graduating  in  1776  and  at  once  entering  the  army  as 
a  cadet;  commissioned  a  lieutenant  and  saw  service  on  the 
Hudson;  captured  a  battery  at  Trenton,  was  wounded  in  the 
shoulder  and  promoted  to  a  captaincy;  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  battles  of  Brandywine,  Germantown,  and  Mon- 
mouth;  returned  to  Virginia  and  studied  law  under  Thomas 
Jefferson  then  governor  of  Virginia;  sent  as  military  com. 
missioner  to  South  Carolina  when  the  British  moved  south- 
ward; chosen  a  delegate  to  Congress  in  1783;  in  1785 
married  a  daughter  of  Lawrence  Kortright  of  New  York; 
having  served  his  term  in  Congress  he  settled  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  Virginia;  was  a  member  of  the  convention  for  revising 
the  constitution  of  Virginia  in  1788;  became  United  States 
senator  in  1790;  sent  as  minister  plenipotentiary  to  France 
in  1794;  recalled  in  1796  under  an  informal  censure  for 
hindering  treaties  with  France;  governor  of  Virginia  from 
1799  to  1802;  commissioned  minister  extraordinary,  in  1802, 
to  France  to  assist  Minister  Livingston  in  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase; appointed  minister  plenipotentiary  to  England  the 
same  year  and  soon  ordered  to  Madrid  as  minister  extra- 
ordinary and  plenipotentiary  to  adjust  the  disputed  boun- 
daries between  the  United  States  and  Louisiana;  failing  in 
this  he  was  sent  to  England  in  1806  to  assist  Mr.  Pinckney 
in  further  negotiations  for  neutral  rights;  returning  to 
America  he  was  elected  to  the  general  assembly  in  1810,  and 
was  in  turn  elected  governor  of  his  state  in  1811;  appointed 
secretary  of  state  the  same  year  and  filled  an  office  in  the  war 
department  without  relinquishing  the  former,  after  the  in- 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  103 

vasion  of  Washington  in  1814;  elected  to  the  presidency  in 
1816  and  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1817;  made  a 
tour  of  the  middle  and  eastern  states  in  1817,  inspecting  the 
arsenals,  naval  depots,  fortifications,  garrisons,  etc.;  re- 
elected  in  1820;  promulgated  the  "Monroe  Doctrine"  in  his 
message  December  2,  1823;  retired  from  office  March  4, 
1825,  and  took  up  his  residence  at  Oak  Hill,  Louden  County, 
in  his  native  state;  was  chosen  a  justice  of  the  peace  and 
served  in  a  county  court;  his  wife  dying  in  1830,  he  re- 
moved to  the  home  of  Samuel  L.  Gouverneur  in  the  City  of 
New  York,  where  he  died  July  4,  1831. 

NOTE. — Monroe  was  tall,  well-formed,  and  of  light 
complexion  and  had  blue  eyes,  his  countenance  was  an 
index  of  simplicity,  integrity  and  benevolence;  he  was 
not  an  orator  or  even  an  attractive  speaker"  he  admin- 
istered the  duties  of  his  office  with  prudence  and  discretion 
at  all  times  and  had  an  eye  to  the  welfare  of  his  country /  in 
the  maUer  of  encouraging  improvements  he  went  farther  than 
any  of  his  predecessors,  by  augmenting  the  national  defenses, 
increasing  the  navy,  protecting  commerce  and  by  infusing 
vigor  and  efficiency  in  every  department  of  the  public  service. 


104  UK1X£1>    STATES    HISTOBY. 


STUDY  XXI. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

Adams,  f  1825  to  1829. 
"The  Old  1?26    (  Adams. 

Man  -j   (July  4)  \  Jefferson. 
Eloquent."  1827 — Railroad. 

Whig.  [    1828 — Protective  Tariff. 

DIRECTION'S. — 1.  Read  any  good  sketch  of  John  Q. 
Adams.  2.  Read  all  you  can  find  in  your  authors  on  the 
tariff  question.  3.  Read  all  at  hand  on  the  building  of  rail- 
roads. 4.  Review  Jefferson's  administration.  5.  What 
was  the  effect  upon  the  South  of  a  high  protective  tariff? 
Why? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

231.  What  were  Jefferson's  last  words? 

232.  What  body  elected  John  Quincy  Adams?     Why? 

233.  What  were  John  Adams's  last  words? 

234.  When  did  Jethro  Wood  invent  his  cast-iron  plow? 

235.  What  did  the  people  call  the  tomato  as  late  as  1828 'r 

236.  How  was  the  news  of  the   completion   of   the  Erie 
Canal  "telegraphed  "  from  Buffalo  to  New  York  in  1825. 

237.  What  was  poured  into  New  York  Bay  when  the  last 
gun  fired? 

238.  What  kind  of  rails  had  the  first  railroad? 

239.  What  did  Washington  say  when  he  heard  of  Arnold's 
treason? 

240.  Who  laid  the  corner-stone  of  Bunker  Hill  Monument? 

REVIEW. 

51.  Tell  all  about  the  steamboat. 

52.  Write  about  the  war  with  Tripoli. 

53.  Give  a  good  account  of  the  events  of  1775. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  105 

54.  Write  a  full  account  of  the  siege  of  Yorktown. 

55.  Tell  of  the  duty  on  tea,  1767;  the  Boston  Tea  Party, 
1773. 

56.  Tell  where  Washington  wintered  each  winter   of  the 
war. 

57.  Tell  of  the  Second  Continental  Congress  and  what  it 
did. 

58.  Tell  all  about  Arnold's  treason. 

59.  Write  the  form  for  James  Monroe's  administration. 
Events  for  1754. 

60.  How  many  and  what  kinds  of  government  in  colonial 
times? 


106  UNITED    STATES    11I8TOBY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS  was  born  in  Braintree,  Massachusetts, 
July  11,  1767;  went  with  his  father  at  the  age  of  eleven  to 
Paris,  where  he  attended  school  and  studied  French  as  well 
as  other  branches  and  acquitted  himself  honorably;  returned 
in  1780,  teaching  English  while  aboard  the  vessel  to  the 
French  ambassador;  returned  to  Paris  with  his  father  the  same 
year  and  entered  school  again,  but  was  taken  to  Holland  and 
entered  Amsterdam  College  for  a  time  and  was  then  sent  to 
Leyden  University;  went  in  his  fifteenth  year  as  private  sec- 
retary of  Francis  Dana  to  Russia;  remained  at  St.  Peters- 
burg for  fifteen  months,  then  returned  alone  by  way  of  Sweden, 
Denmark,  Hamburg  and  Bremen  to  the  Hague,  where  re- 
sumed his  studies;  in  1783  went  with  his  father  to  England 
and  thence  to  France  in  1784  and  in  turn  to  England  with  his 
father  and  thence  to  Massachusetts;  in  1786  he  entered  the 
junior  class  at  Harvard  and  graduated  in  1788,  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1791;  in  May,  1794,  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  the  Hague,  where  he  was  re-appointed  minister  to 
Portugal;  married  Miss  Johnson, a  niece  of  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  his  father  appointed  him  to 
the  court  of  Berlin  in  1797,  before  he  had  assumed  his  duties 
in  Portugal;  recalled  by  Jefferson,  he  returned  to  Boston  and 
began  the  practice  of  law;  was  elected  to  the  senate  of  his 
state  and  from  there  sent  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1802; 
failing  of  re-election  he  resigned  and  retired  to  private  life;  in 
1806  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  Harvard  College  and  lec- 
tured upon  rhetoric  and  belles-lettres;  when  Madison  became 
president  he  appointed  Adams  as  minister  to  Russia;  was 
present  as  a  commissioner  of  peace  at  the  Treaty  of  Ghent 
December  24,1814;  returned  to  Paris  and  witnessed  Napoleon's 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  107 

return  from  Elba  and  the  brief  Empire  of  one  hundred  days; 
was  sent  to  London  as  resident  minister  in  1815;  returned  to 
Washington  and  assumed  the  secretaryship  of  State  under 
Monroe ;  was  elected  president  in  1 8  2  4 ;  was  defeated  by  Jackson 
for  president  in  1828;  retired  to  Braintree  (Quincy),  March  4, 
1829;  was  elected  representative  by  the  anti-masons  in  1831 
and  continuously  by  the  Whigs  for  the  next  seventeen  years; 
received  a  severe  fall  which  dislocated  his  shoulder  in  the  hall 
of  representatives;  November  26,  1846,  experienced  a  severe 
stroke  of  paralysis  which  kept  him  out  of  congress  for  four 
months;  February  21,  1848,  received  another  stroke  from 
which  he  never  rallied,  dying  the  23rd  of  the  same  mouth. 

NOTE. — John  Quincy  Adams,  like  his  father,  possessed 
warm  feelings  and  strong  prejudices,  though  less  vehement  than 
his  father;  he  had  greater  learning  than  his  father  but 
much  less  genius;  he  was  a  prolific  writer  and  his  manuscript 
seldom  presented  an  erasure;  his  style  was  verbose  and  rhetorical, 
sometimes  in/lated,  bordering  on  exaggeration. 


108 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XXII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


Jackson, 
"  The  Fight- 
ing President." 

Democrat. 


1832 


1829  to  1837. 
1831 — Monroe. 

Veto. 

"  Shooting  Stars." 

Black  Hawk's  War. 

Tariff  Bill. 

S.  C.  Nullification. 

Asiatic  Cholera. 
1833— Hussey's  Reaper. 
1835  to  1842— Florida  War. 
1836 — Arkansas. 
1737 — Michigan. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  As  special  topics  read  the  Black  Hawk 
War,  South  Carolina  Nullification,  Seminole  War,  and  Bank 
of  the  United  States.  2.  If  a  life  of  Davy  Crockett  can  be 
secured,  it  would  be  well  to  read  at  least  that  part  of  it  de- 
voted to  the  Alamo.  3.  Apply  the  "  Set  Questions"  to  this 
administration. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

241.  Who  was  Old  Hickory? 

242.  How  did  Santa  Anna  select  every  tenth  man  out  of 
his  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  prisoners  for  the  purpose 
of  shooting  them? 

243.  What  did  Jackson  say  he  would  do  with  the  Nulli- 
fiers? 

244.  Who  invented  the  first  reaping  machine  with  sickle- 
edged  sectional  bar,  protected  by  guards? 

245.  When  was  the  first  Testament  printed  for  the  blind? 
How  can  a  blind  person  read  a  book? 

246.  What  three  ex-presidents  died  on  the  Fourth  of  July? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  109 

247.  When  John  C.  Calhoun  resigned  the  vice-presidency 
in   order   to    lead   the   Nullification  party,  what  medal  was 
struck  and  circulated  in  the  South? 

248.  What  did  the  Indians  call  Jackson? 

249.  What  did  Washington  say  when  told  that  his  death 
must  soon  occur? 

250.  Who  shot  Tecumseh? 

REVIEW. 

61.  Write   list   of  States   admitted   from  1789  to  1837. 
Give  dates  and  use  the  correct  abbreviation. 

62.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  each  administration; 
if  you  are  certain  that  you  can  write  certain  ones  correctly, 
then  omit  them. 

63.  Write  causes  of  the  Revolution. 

64.  Write  forms  for  Georgia. 

65.  What   was  our  Constitution    from    1777    to    1789? 
Name  some  of  its  defects. 

66.  Name  all  the  wars  and  rebellions  from  1789  to  1837. 

67.  Write  a  short  history  of  Black  Hawk's  war. 

68.  Who  is   your  State  senator?     How   chosen?     Your 
U.  S.  senators?     How  chosen?     How  many  U.  S.  senators? 

69.  What  nations  engaged  in  American  discoveries? 

70.  Tell  all  about  De  Soto. 

Are  you  keeping  your  note  book  at  hand  while  reading,  and 
collecting  all  the  interesting  notes  possible? 

Are  you  reproducing  the  blackboard  forms  daily  as  you 
advance*? 

Are  you  using  your  own  language  to  express  what  you 
know  about  the  text? 

Do  you  read  some  larger  history  than  your  school  edition? 
Do  you  do  this  in  order  to  strengthen  the  text,  or  merely  for 
pastime? 

Will  the  word  "  yes  "  answer  all  of  the  above  questions? 


110  UNITKD    STATES   HISTOBY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


ANDREW  JACKSON  was  born  on  the  \Vaxhaw,  in  North 
Carolina,  March  15,  1767,  a  few  days  after  his  father's  death; 
although  his  mother  wished  to  train  him  for  the  pulpit,  he 
was  not  fond  of  books  and  received  but  a  scant  education;  in 
1780  he  witnessed  the  defeat  of  Sumpter  at  Hanging  Rock, 
having  previously  seen  the  dead  and  wounded  of  the  Waxhaw 
militia  as  they  were  left  on  the  field  by  Tarleton;  he,  together 
with  his  brother,  was  captured  by  the  British  and  confined  at 
Camden,  and  witnessed  the  defeat  of  Greene  at  Hobkirk's 
Hill;  worked  at  the  saddler  trade  and  taught  school  for  a 
time;  studied  law  at  eighteen,  but  paid  more  attention  to 
horse-racing,  foot-racing,  cock-fighting  and  similar  amuse- 
ments than  to  his  studies;  admitted  to  the  bar  at  twenty  he 
was  appointed  solicitor  for  the  western  district  of  North  Caro- 
lina, now  Tennessee;  was  married  in  1791  to  Mrs.  Rachel 
Ro bards  of  Nashville;  became  district  attorney  when  Ten- 
nessee was  made  a  territory;  was  a  member  of  the  constitu- 
tional convention  when  the  State  was  admitted;  became  a 
congressman  in  1796  and  at).  S.  senator  in  1797,  resigning 
the  latter  office  in  1798;  elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Tennessee  and  became  a  major-general  of  the  militia,  re- 
signing the  justiceship  in  1804;  was  wounded  in  a  duel  with 
Charles  Dickinson,  whom  he  killed,  May  30,  1806;  wounded 
in  a  quarrel  by  Jesse  Benton  in  1812,  defeated  the  Creek  In- 
dians at  Taladega  in  1813,  and  also  at  other  points;  appointed 
major-general  in  the  U.  S.  army,  May  31,  1814;  declared 
martial  law  in  New  Orleans  and  defeated  the  British  under 
General  Packenham;  was  fined  for  contempt  of  court  in 
1815,  but  the  fine  was  ordered  paid  back  in  1844;  suppressed 
the  Seminole  War  in  1817  and  proceeded  against  St.  Marks,  a 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  Ill 

post  in  Florida,  where  he  found  Arbuthnot,  a  Scotchman, 
and  Ambrister,  a  native  of  the  Bahamas;  they  were  British 
subjects,  were  tried  before  courts  martial,  and  convicted  on 
the  charges  of  stirring  up  the  Indians  to  massacre  the  whites, 
and  executed;  became  governor  of  Florida,  July  18,  1821; 
Monroe  offered  him  the  post  of  minister  to  Mexico,  but  he 
refused  to  accept  it;  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1823  and  nominated  to  the  presidency  in  1824,  receiving 
ninety-nine  electoral  votes,  the  election  going  to  the  house  of 
representatives.  Adams  defeated  him;  elected  over  Adams 
in  1828;  vetoed  the  United  States  bank  bill,  July  10,  1832; 
re-elected  in  1832  and  inaugurated  the  second  time  March  4, 
1833;  retired  to  the  Hermitage,  March  6, 1837,  where  he  died 
June8,  1845. 

NOTE. — Jackson  is  described  as  a  frolicsome,  mischievous, 
generous,  brave  and  resolute  boy,  passionately  fond  of  athletic 
sports;  he  had  red  hair,  blue  eyes  and  was  a  tall  and  awk- 
wardly formed  man,  of  an  iron  will  and  irascible  temper, 
passionately  fond  of  horse-racing  and  rough  outdoor  sports. 
His  chief  intellectual  gifts  were  energy  and  good  judgment. 
He  was  thoroughly  honest  and  straightforward,  and  in  his 
later  life  made  an  open  profession  of  the  religion  which  he 
entertained. 


112  UNITED    STATUS    HISTOBY. 


STUDY  XXIII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

Van  Buren,       f  1837  to  1841. 
"  The  Shrewd  1   „*  j  Money  Panic. 

Statesman."     -j  (  "  Patriot  War." 

184Q  \  Sub-treasury  Bill. 
Democrat.  }  Hard  Cider. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  all  you  find  concerning  the  Hard 
Cider  campaign  of  1840.  2.  Who  was  Horace  Mann  and 
what  did  he  do?  Determine  this  by  reading  this  topic  in 
the  cyclopedia.  If  none  is  at  hand  ask  your  teacher  to  ex- 
plain. 3.  What  changes  in  the  names  of  parties?  Federalists 
had  become  what?  Republicans  what?  What  new  party  in 
this  campaign?  1840?  4.  Tell  all  you  can  learn  concerning 
the  Canadian  rebellion,  "  Patriot  War."  5.  Read  all  that  is 
said  about  the  panic  of  '37.  6.  Read  causes  of  the  Revolu- 
tion and  War  of  1812. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

251.  What  was  wild-cat  money? 

252.  How  did  the  Washingtonians  originate? 

253.  Who  was  Horace  Mann? 

254.  Who  was  the  log-cabin  candidate  for  president? 

255.  What  was  the  rallying  cry  of  the  Whigs  in   1840? 

256.  What  people  introduced  "Santa  Claus  "  to  the  chil. 
dren  of  the  New  World? 

257.  What  president  married  the  same  lady  twice? 

258.  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke,  boasted  of  what  lineal 
descent? 

259.  Who  is  the  "  Silent  Man  "  ? 

260.  Who  was  "the  last  of  the  Mohicans"? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  113 

REVIEW. 

71.  Write  a  good  sketch  of  Roger  Williams. 

72.  Write  the  blackboard  form  for  James  Monroe's   ad- 
ministration. 

73.  Write  list  of  presidents  with  vice-presidents  as  far  as 
learned. 

74.  Write  list  of  presidents  with  the  nickname  of  each. 

75.  Write  list  of  the  cabinet  officers  at  present. 

76.  Make  list  of  States  admitted  from  1789  to  1841. 

77.  Tell  all  about  the  battle  of  Trenton. 

78.  Write  a  history  of  the  Carolinas. 

79.  Read  what  your  author  says  about  the  framing  of  the 
Constitution  and  then  write  the  same  in  your  own  language. 

80.  Tell  all  about  the  settlement  of  Connecticut. 


114  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


MARTIN  VAN  BUREN  was  born  at  Kinderhook,  New  York, 
December  5,  1782;  received  a  common  school  education  and 
began  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of  fourteen;  at  eighteen 
was  a  delegate  in  the  nominating  convention  of  the  Republican 
party;  became  surrogate  judge  of  Columbia  County,  New 
York,  in  1808;  became  ia  State  senator  in  1812;  was  attorney  - 
general  from  1815  to  1819  and  member  of  the  senate  also  in 
1816;  chosen  United  States  senator  in  1821;  re-elected  sena- 
tor in  1827,  but  resigned  on  being  elected  governor  in  1828; 
in  March,  1829,  becomes  Secretary  of  State  under  Jackson, 
but  resigned  April  7,  1831;  appointed  minister  to  England 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  but  Congress  refused  to  confirm 
and  he  was  made  a  candidate  for  vice-president  and  elected 
on  the  ticket  with  Jackson;  nominated  for  president  May 
20,  1835,  and  elected  in  November,  1836,  and  inaugurated 
March  4,  1837;  was  made  the  candidate  of  the  Democrats 
against  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  in  1840  and  defeated  by  him 
in  the  election;  a  candidate  for  nomination  in  1844,  but  was 
defeated  in  convention  by  James  K.  Polk;  ran  on  the  "  Free 
Democratic "  ticket  for  president,  with  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  in  1848,  and  so  divided  the  vote  in  New  York  as  to 
elect  Zachary  Taylor  on  the  Whig  ticket;  remained  in  pri- 
vate life  with  the  exception  of  a  visit  to  Europe  in  1853- 
1855;  he  died  July  24,  1862,  at  his  home  in  Kinderhook, 
New  York. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  115 


STUDY  XXIV. 

BLACKBOARD     FORM. 


Harrison 

"The  Hero  ef 

Tippecanoe." 

Tyler,  "The 

First  Accidental 

President. " 

Whig. 


1841  to  1845. 

1841  Harrison. 

1842  Dorr's  Rebellion. 

1843  Elias  Howe. 


1844 


j  Mormon  Troubles. 
j  Telegraph. 


1845  Florida. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  of  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  and 
make  list  of  battles  fought  by  Harrison.  2.  Read  Dorr's 
Rebellion  as  a  separate  topic.  3.  Read  all  you  can  find 
concerning  Elias  Howe  and  his  sewing-machine.  4.  Read 
the  full  history  of  the  Mormons,  as  found  in  the  larger  his- 
tories of  the  school.  5.  Read  the  history  of  the  telegraph 
and  find  out  where  and  how  the  first  line  was  built  in  the 
United  States. 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

261.  What  sect  is  called  the  "Latter  Day  Saints"  ? 

262.  What  was   the  first  public   dispatch  sent   over  the 
wires  as  a  telegram? 

263.  What  is  the  Lone  Star  State? 

264.  What  is  the  Indian  meaning  of  Iowa? 

265.  Name  the  only  member  of  Tyler's  cabinet  who  did 
not  resign? 

266.  What  was  done  with  Dorr? 

267.  Who  was   the  founder  of  the  Mormons? 

268.  What  State  was  once  an  independent  Republic? 

269.  What  was  the  first  sentence   passed   over  the  wires 
in  1844? 

270.  Who  was  the  "  Mill  boy  of  the  Slashes"  ? 


116  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

REVIEW. 

NOTE. — Review  all   the   blackboard  forms   and    be  pre- 
pared to  reproduce  them. 

81.  Write  the  form  for  Washington's  Administration. 

82.  Write  the  form  for  John  Adams's  Administration. 

83.  Ditto  for  Thomas  Jefferson's. 

84.  Ditto  for  James  Madison's. 

85.  Ditto  for  James  Monroe's. 

86.  Ditto  for  John  Quincy  Adams's. 

87.  Ditto  for  Andrew  Jackson's. 

88.  Ditto  for  Martin  Van  Buren's. 

89.  Ditto  for  William  Henry  Harrison's. 

90.  Recite  each  form  by  making  an  appropriate  sentence 
for  each  date  as  suggested  in  other  forms. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  117 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON  was  bora  in  Berkeley,  Charles 
City  County,  Virginia,  February  9,  1773;  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen was  commissioned  ensign  and  saw  service  with  St.  Clair, 
and  later  with  Anthony  Wayne;  in  1795  became  a  captain 
and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Washington  (Cincinnati) ,  where  he 
married  Annie  Symmes  in  1796;  resigned  in  1797  and  became 
Secretary  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  from  which  he  was 
chosen  a  delegate  in  1799;  appointed  Governor  of  Indiana 
Territory  in  1801;  fought  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  in  1811; 
appointed  brigadier-general  in  1812  and  placed  in  command 
of  the  Northwest  frontier,  and  made  major-general  in  1813; 
defeated  the  British  and  Indians  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames 
in  1813;  resigned  his  commission  in  1814;  elected  from  the 
Cincinnati  district  a  delegate  to  Congress  in  1816,  which 
place  he  filled  for  three  years;  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
Ohio  in  1819  and  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1824;  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Colombia  in  1828,  but  was  recalled  by 
Jackson;  resided  at  North  Bend,  Ohio,  for  several  years, 
where  he  served  twelve  years  as  clerk  of  the  court;  was 
brought  out  by  the  Whigs  as  a  military  candidate  for  the 
presidency,  in  1839,  and  was  elected  over  Van  Buren  in  1840; 
inaugurated  March  4,  1841,  and  died  in  Washington  April  4, 
1841. 

JOHN  TYLER  was  born  in  Charles  City  County,  Virginia, 
March  29,  1790;  graduated  from  William  and  Mary  College 
in  1807  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  1811  and  re-elected  for  five  years  in  succes- 
sion; was  elected  to  Congress  in  1816  and  re-elected  twice: 
resigned  on  account  of  ill-health,  and  was  sent  to  the  Legis- 
lature in  1823,  and  in  1825  was  chosen  governor  by  the 


118  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Legislature  to  fill  a  vacancy,  but  elected  to  the  same  office  the 
next  session;  elected  United  States  Senator  in  1827  and 
re-elected  in  1833;  made  a  three  days'  speech  in  the  Senate 
in  1833  against  a  tariff  for  protection,  but  advocated  a 
tariff  for  revenue,  with  a  small  incidental  one  for  pro- 
tecting certain  manufacturers;  resigned  in  1836  owing  to 
some  differences  between  himself  and  his  State  Legislature, 
and  removed  to  Williamsburgh ;  was  the  Whig  candidate 
for  Vice-President  in  1836,  and  in  1838  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature;  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Whig  Con- 
vention at  Harrisburg,  December,  1839,  and  was  nominated 
on  the  ticket  with  Harrison  for  the  vice-presidency  and 
elected  in  1840;  President  Harrison  dying  one  month  after 
his  inaugural,  Tyler  became  President,  as  provided  by  the 
Constitution.  The  Cabinet  resigning,  with  the  exception  of 
Webster,  Tyler  appointed  a  new  one  in  1841,  and  reorganized 
it  in  1843;  nominated  in  May,  1844,  by  the  disaffected  of  all 
parties  for  President,  but  in  August,  finding  his  following 
quite  small,  he  withdrew  from  the  canvass;  in  1861  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Peace  Convention  which  met  at  Washington 
to  endeavor  to  arrange  a  compromise  between  the  Confederacy 
and  the  Union.  He  subsequently  renounced  his  allegiance  to 
the  United  States  and  joined  in  support  of  the  Confederacy, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  January  17,  1862,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Southern  Congress,  at  Richmond,  Va. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


119 


STUDY  XXV. 

BLACKBOARD     FORM. 


Polk, 
''The  Young 

Hickory  of 

the  Democracy." 

Democrat. 


1845 


1846 


1845  to  1849. 

Texas. 
Fort  Brown. 
Iowa. 
Palo  Alto. 
Resaca  de  la  Palma. 
Monterey. 

Smithsonian  Institute. 
Northern  Boundary. 
Buena  Vista. 
Vera  Cruz. 
Cerro  Gordo. 
Contreras. 
Churubusco. 
Molino  del  Rey. 
Chapultepec. 
City  of  Mexico. 
Wisconsin. 

1848  -^     Guadaloupe  Hidalgo. 
Gold  Discovered. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  this  administration  in  a  general 
way,  but  remember  the  cause  of  the  Mexican  War  and  the 
conditions  of  the  treaty.  2.  Make  out,  as  you  read,  a  form 
like  or  similar  to  this : 


1847 


Taylor's 
Campaign. 


Corpus  Christi. 
Fort  Brown. 
Point  Isabel. 
Palo  Alto. 
Resaca  de  la  Palma. 
Matamoras. 
Monterey. 
Buena  Vista. 


120  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Recited  thus:  Taylor  went  from  Corpus  Christ!  to  Fort 
Brown;  from  Fort  Brown  to  Point  Isabel;  from  Point  Isabel 
to  Palo  Alto,  etc. 

Repeat  this  as  you  point  to  the  places  named  on  the  map. 
When  you  have  this  fixed  in  your  mind,  make  out  a  similar 
form  for  General  Scott's  campaign.  Study  the  little  maps  in 
your  histories  in  order  to  get  the  location  fixed. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

271.  What  was  the  Democratic  cry  in  the  political  cam- 
paign of  1844? 

272.  What  was  Captain  Sutter  doing  when  his  workmen 
discovered  gold? 

273.  Who  was  the  founder  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute, 
and  where  is  it? 

274.  Why  is  the  battle  of   Monterey  sometimes  called 
"  the  battle  on  the  housetops  "? 

275.  Who  was  "  Old  Rough  and  Ready  "? 

276.  Who  was  the  "  Pathfinder  of  the  Rocky  Mountains"? 

277.  Who  said,  "  I  would  rather  be  right  than  be  presi- 
dent "? 

278.  Who  was  "  Young  Hickory  "? 

279.  Who  was  the  first  "accidental  president "? 

280.  Who  was  the  Great  Pacificator? 

REVIEW. 

91.  Write  the  causes  of  the  Mexican  War. 

92.  Explain  the  Missouri  Compromise. 

93.  Trace  Columbus  from  Palos  through  his  voyages  to 
his  death.     Trace  with  form  similar  to  that  of  the  ' '  Key  to 
the  Revolution." 

94.  How  many  censuses  have  been  taken   to  this  date? 
When  was  the  first  taken?  The  last?   How  often  do  they  occur? 

95.  Where   is   the   center   of  population   of  the  United 
States?     What  is  meant  by  the  center  of  population? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  121 

96.  Write  a  sketch  of  Captain  John  Smith. 

97.  Tell  of  the  battle  of  Monterey. 

98.  What  treaties  have  we  made  with  foreign  nations? 
Give  dates. 

99.  What  were  the  conditions  of  the  treaty 'of  Guada- 
loupe,  Hidalgo? 

100.  Trace  Taylor  from  Corpus  Christi  to  Buena  Vista. 


122  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  KNOX  POLK  was  born  in  Mecklenburg  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  2,  1795;  received  a  scanty  educa- 
tion at  first,  but  finally  entered  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina, from  which  he  graduated  in  1818  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1820;  in  1823  he  was  chosen  to  the  legislature  and 
elected  to  congress  in  1825;  nojninated  for  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1834  but  was  defeated  by  Bell;  elected  speaker  in 
1835  and  re-elected  in  1837;  elected  governor  of  Tennessee 
in  1839;  ran  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  vice-president  in 
1840  (receiving  the  sanction  of  a  few  States,  Richard  M. 
Johnson  being  the  regular  nominee),  defeated  for  governor 
in  1841;  nominated  for  president  in  1844,  by  the  Democrats 
at  Baltimore,  and  elected  in  November;  inaugurated  March  4, 
1845;  sent  Genei'al  Taylor  with  a  small  force  to  occupy  the 
disputed  Mexican  territory  between  the  Nueces  and  the  Rio 
Grande;  directed  the  Secretary  of  State,  Buchanan,  to  offer  the 
parallel  of  49  deg.  instead  of  54  deg.  40  min.  as  a  compromise 
with  Great  Britain  in  settling  the  boundary  line  between  British 
America  and  the  United  States;  this  was  accepted,  by  so 
modifying  it  as  to  include  the  whole  of  Vancouver  Island 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  Great  Britain;  declares  in  his 
message,  1846,  that  "war  existed  by  the  act  of  Mexico"  and 
demanded  troops  and  money  to  prosecute  it;  signed  a  low 
tariff  bill,  1846,  replacing  the  high  tariff  bill  of  1842;  three 
months  after  his  retirement,  Mr.  Polk  was  seized  with  sick- 
ness from  which  he  never  recovered;  died  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  June  15,  1849. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD^  123 


STUDY  XXVI. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

Taylor,  "  Old  f  1849  to  1853, 

Rough   and  Ready"  j  California. 

Fillmore,  "the        «j  U  \  Compromise  Bill. 

Second  Accidental  TOKO  j  Henry  Clay. 

President. "  (  Daniel  Webster. 

Whig. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  the  "Gold  Fever"  of  1848  and 
1849.  2.  Read  the  Missouri  Compromise  of  1820  and  the 
Omnibus  Bill  of  1850.  3.  Read  a  sketch  of  Henry  Clay 
and  Daniel  Webster.  4.  Study  John  Quincy  Adams's  Ad- 
ministration. 5.  Read  events  of  1776. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

281.  Who  were  the  "  Abolitionists "?     "Filibusters"  ? 

282.  What  was  "the  Bill  of  Abominations"? 

283.  What  president  said  in  his  inaugural  address  that 
"  we  are  at  peace  with  all  the  world  and  the  rest  of   man- 
kind"? 

284.  Who  said,  "Give 'em  a  little  more  grape,  Captain 
Bragg"? 

285.  What  were  Webster's  last  words? 

286.  Why  was  Taylor  inaugurated  on  the  5th  of  March? 

287.  What  were  the  last  words  of  John  Quincy  Adams? 

288.  What  was  captured  from  Santa  Anna  at  Cerro  Gordo? 

289.  What  was  meant  by  the  "  Hermitage"? 

290.  Who  laid  the  corner-stone  of  De  Kalb's  monument? 

REVIEW. 

101.  How  did  Harrison  gain  his  popularity?     Taylor? 

102.  Make  list  of  presidents  with  name  of  party  to  which 
each  belonged. 


124  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

!<>:;.  Make  list  of  wars  and  rebellions  from  1789  to  1853. 
Write  uanie  of  president  in  power  during  each. 

104.  Write  list  of  presidents  and  name  of  States   from 
which  they  were  elected. 

105.  What  party  elected  the  most  presidents  from  178P 
to  1853?     By  what  name  was  it  then  known? 

106.  Write  outline  of  Mexican  War. 

107.  What  did  we  pay  for  Louisiana?     Florida?     Texas? 

108.  What  is  a  colonial  government?     A  confederation? 
A  constitutional  government? 

109.  What  is   the  capital  of  the   District  of  Columbia? 
What  was  done  with  that  part  of  it  ceded  by  Virginia? 

110.  Make  a  list  of  some  of    the   queer  sayings  of  the 
presidents. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  125 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


ZACIIABY  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Orange  County,  Virginia, 
September  24,  1784;  worked  on  the  plantation  till  1808,  when 
he  was  assigned  a  lieutenancy  made  vacant  by  the  death  of 
his  brother,  Hancock;  made  captain  in  1810;  became  the 
commandant  at  Fort  Harrison,  on  the  Wabash  river,  about 
fifty  miles  above  Vincennes,  in  1812;  this  fort  was 'furiously 
attacked  in  September  by  the  Indians,  but  Taylor  repulsed 
them  and  was  made  major  by  brevet,  the  first  instance  of  this 
kind  in  the  armies  of  the  United  States;  at  the  close  of  the 
war  Taylor's  commission  was  reduced  to  that  of  captain,  and 
he  resigned,  retiring  to  his  plantation  near  Louisville;  being 
re-instated  as  major  he  was  employed  on  the  frontier  for  sev- 
eral years;  made  lieutenant-colonel  in  1819  and  colonel  in 
1832;  in  the  Black  Hawk  War  of  the  same  year  and  sta- 
tioned at  Prairie  du  Chien;  1836-1840  in  Florida,  and  de- 
feated the  Indians  at  Okeechobee;  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  by  brevet  the  same  year,  1837,  and  made 
commander-in-chief  in  Florida  in  1838;  made  commander  of 
the  first  department  of  the  southwest  in  1840  and  removed 
his  family  to  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana;  in  July,  1845,  com- 
mands 1,500  troops  in  an  expedition  to  the  disputed  Mexican 
territory,  encamping  at  Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  where  he  was 
re-enforced  in  November;  advanced  March  8,  1846,  toward 
the  Rio  Grande,  where  he  erected  Fort  Brown,  which  com- 
manded Matamoras;  defeated  General  Arista  at  Palo  Alto,  May 
8,1846;  defeated  the  Mexicans  on  the  9th  atResaca  de  laPalma 
and  drove  them  across  the  river;  011  May  18  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  major-general  and  took  possession  of  Matamoras; 
defeated  Ampudia  at  Monterey,  September  19-25;  defeated 
Santa  Anna  at  Buena  Vista,  February  21,  1847,  and  thus 


126  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

forced  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande  from  the  Mexican  in- 
cursions; returned  home  in  1847  and  was  nominated  for  the 
presidency  in  1848  on  the  Whig  ticket,  with  Millard  Fill- 
more  for  vice-president,  elected  and  inaugurated  March  5, 
1849;  seized  with  bilious  fever  July  4,  1850,  and  died  from 
its  effects  the  9th,  in  Washington. 

MILLARD  FILLMORE  was  born  in  Locke  Township,  Cayuga 
County,  New  York,  January  7,  1800;  his  education  was  lim. 
ited  to  spelling,  reading,  writing,  and  the  rudiments  of  arith- 
metic;  apprenticed  to  a  fuller  at  the  age  of  fourteen;  bought 
his  time  at  the  age  of  nineteen  for  $30;  in  1821  walked  to 
Buffalo  and  secured  his  board  and  lodging  by  doing  chores 
for  a  lawyer,  assisting  the  post-master,  and  teaching  school, 
thus  saving  some  money;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823;  opened 
a  law  office  at  Aurora  the  same  year;  in  1827  he  was  admitted 
as  an  attorney,  and  in  1829  as  a  counselor  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state;  in  1830  removed  to  Buffalo,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  till  elected  comptroller  of  the  state; 
his  political  life  began  in  1828,  when  he  was  elected  represen- 
tative by  the  anti-masons,  serving  three  years  and  retiring  in 
1831;  elected  to  congress  in  1832  and  after  serving  one  term 
retired  until  1836  when  he  was  elected  on  the  Whig  ticket, 
and  again  in  1838,  and  again  in  1840;  author  of  the  protec- 
tive tariff  bill  passed  in  1842;  retired  from  congress  in  1843; 
nominated  for  vice-president  in  1844  but  defeated;  nomin- 
ated for  governor  in  the  same  year  but  defeated  by  Silas 
Wright;  elected  comptroller  of  the  state  in  1847; elected  vice- 
president  with  Taylor  in  1848,  resigning  as  comptroller 
February,  1849,  and  assuming  his  duties  as  vice-president 
March  5;  sworn  into  the  office  of  president  July  10,  1850; 
July  4,  1851,  lays  the  corner-stone  for  the  extension  of  the 
capitol  building;  retired  from  the  presidency  March  4,  1853; 
made  an  extensive  tour  through  the  southern  and  western 
states  in  1854,  and  the  New  England  States  in  1855;  crossing 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


127 


the  Atlantic  he  remained  in  Europe  until  June,  1856,  when  he 
returned  home  and  became  the  candidate  of  the  American 
party  for  the  presidency;  resided  in  Buffalo  until  his  death, 
March  8,  1874. 


Pierce, 

' '  The  Yankee 
President. " 

Democrat. 


STUDY  XXVI. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

1853  to  1857. 

C  Gadsden's  Purchase. 
!   Crystal  Palace. 
1   E.  K.  Kane. 
I  Walker's  Expedition. 
I  Japanese. 

1854  ^   Kansas-Nebraska. 
[  Kansas  Struggle. 


18o3 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  all  you  can  find  concerning  the 
Arctic  explorations.  2.  Read  all  at  hand  on  the  subject  of  the 
Gadsden  purchase  and  the  Kansas  struggle.  3.  Read  Har- 
rison's and  Tyler's  Administration.  4.  Can  you  whistle 
"  Yankee  Doodle"?  (Let  the  whole  school  whistle  it.)  Find 
the  poem  entitled  the  "  Battle  of  the  Kegs,"  and  read  it.  5. 
Are  you  careful  to  frame  the  best  possible  sentence  for  each 
of  the  dates  in  the  outline  as  you  progress?  Have  you  learned 
"  Pierce  was  president  from  1853  to  1857  "?  "  In  1854  the 
Gadsden  purchase  was  made,  the  Crystal  Palace  exhibition 
was  opened,  Elisha  Kent  Kane  went  in  search  of  Sir  John 
Franklin,  and  Walker's  filibustering  was  put  to  an  end  "?  If 
you  do  not  do  this  as  you  read  your  history,  then  you  will 
soon  be  left  behind  in  your  class.  Do  you  write  and  rewrite 
the  forms  as  you  advance?  Do  you  write  the  answers  to  the 
written  review  questions?  If  you  are  neglecting  any  direc- 
tion, what  is  it?  6.  JZeview  daily. 


128  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

291.  For  what  was  Elisha  Kent  Kane  searching? 

292.  What  was  the   Kentuckian  war  cry  in  1812 — 1813? 

293.  What  became  of  Hull's  brass  cannon   which  Brock 
captured? 

294.  What  did  Colonel  Cass  do  when  he  learned  of  Hull' a 
surrender? 

295.  What  was  the  Crystal  Palace? 

296.  What  became  of  Walker  the  Filibuster? 

297.  Who  said, "  I  hope  that  the  terms  Excellency,  Honor, 
Worship,  Esquire  and  even  Mr.  shall  shortly  and  forever  dis- 
appear from  among  us"? 

298.  What  is   the  only  title   a  president  of    the  United 
States  can  claim? 

299.  What  persons  wrote  the  only  interlinings  in  Jeffer- 
son's manuscript  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence? 

300.  What  was  a  better  shield  from  the  arrows  of  the 
Indians  than  a  coat-of-mail  and  the  musket? 

REVIEW. 

111.  What  is  meant  by  the  Gadsden  purchase? 

112.  What  is  meant  by  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill? 

113.  What  is  meant  by  Panic  of  '37? 

114.  What  is  meant  by  Milan  Decree? 

115.  What  is  meant  by  British  Orders  in  Council? 

116.  What  is  meant  by  Embargo  Act? 

117.  What  is  meant  by  Alien  and  Sedition  Laws? 

118.  What  is  meant  by  Monroe  Doctrine? 

119.  What  is  meant  by  Tariff  of  1828? 

120.  What  is  meant  by  Jackson's  Veto? 

NOTE. — Be  particular  that  you  word  your  writings  so  as 
to  give  the  meaning  of  the  histories.  Use  your  own  lan- 
guage. Do  not  memorize  the  text. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  129 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND.  REFERENCE. 


FRANKLIN  PIERCE  was  born  in  Hillsborough,  New 
Hampshire,  November  23,  1804;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1824,  studied  law  at  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  at 
Amherst,  N.  H.;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827  and  began 
practice  at  Hillsborough;  1828-1833  a  representative  in  the 
legislature  and  for  the  last  two  years  speaker  of  the  house; 
1833-1837  a  congressman  when  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate,  being  barely  of  the  legal  age;  resigned  in  1842 
and  began  his  law  practice  at  Concord;  offered  the  post  of 
attorney  general  in  1846,  but  declined  it;  in  1847  enrolled  as 
a  volunteer  and  became  colonel  of  a  regiment;  was  soon 
commissioned  brigadier  general  and  joined  Scott  at  Pueblo, 
August  7th;  hurt  by  the  falling  of  his  horse  in  the  battle  of 
Contreras,  fainted  on  the  field  of  Churubusco  from  the  pain 
of  his  injuries,  but  refused  to  leave  his  command;  one  of  the 
commissioners  appointed  by  Scott  to  arrange  the  terms  of 
the  treaty;  returned  home  late  in  1848  and  resumed  his 
practice;  presided  over  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  his 
State  in  1850;  nominated  for  president  in  1852  and  elected  in 
November;  inaugurated  March  4,  1853;  on  retiring  he  made 
a  trip  to  Madeira  Island  and  thence  to  Europe,  remaining 
till  1860;  during  the  Civil  War  he  made  a  speech  at  Concord 
known  as  the  "mausoleum  of  hearts  speech,"  expressing 
sympathy  with  the  Southern  Confederacy;  he  died  in  Con- 
cord, October  8,  1869. 

9 


130  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XXVIII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 

1857  to  1861. 

„     ,  1857 — Dred  Scott. 

rSucnanan,  /   A  .,      . .    ^  , , 

10.Q  \  Atlantic  Cable. 

1  boo 


"The  Bachelor 


I 


Minnesota. 


President."  8 5 7- John  Brown. 

18o9 — Oregon. 

I860 — S.  C.  Secedes. 
Democrat.  r  n   o      e   A 

1861  i  America. 

)  Kansas. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Search  all  your  histories  for  notes  on 
the  Dred  Scott  decision.  Trace  him  in  his  removals  with 
his  master.  2.  Read  any  author  on  the  John  Brown  raid. 
3.  Read  all  you  can  find  on  the  causes  of  the  War  of  Seces- 
sion. 4.  What  is  meant  by  the  Confederate  States  of 
America?  Where  was  its  capital?  When  founded?  5. 
Read  the  causes  of  the  Revolution.  Of  the  Mexican  War. 
6.  Write  the  story  of  Dred  Scott  in  full.  7.  Write  that  of 
John  Brown's  raid  in  full.  8.  Take  each  date  and  key-word 
and  test  your  knowledge  as  to  whether  you  can  tell  the  facts 
for  each  or  not. 

QUEER   QUERIES. 

301.  Who  owned  Dred  Scott? 

302.  How   did   the   associate   justices  vote    upon  Judge 
Taney's  "  Dred  Scott  decision  "? 

303.  What  was  the  length  of  the  first  Atlantic  cable? 

304.  Who  was  the  "  Prince  of  American  Letters  "? 

305.  Who  stopped  to    kiss    a  slave  child   on    his  way  to 
execution? 

306.  Where  was  the  Confederate   States   of   America  or- 
ganized?    Who  was  chosen  as  its  first  president? 

307.  What  was  the  first  vessel  fired  upon  in  1861? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  131 

308.  What  president  went  to  his  inaugural   in  disguise? 
Why? 

309.  What  was  the  leading  principle  of  the  Know-nothing 
party? 

310.  What  does  the  middle  stripe  on  our  flag  represent? 

REVIEW. 

121.  Write  a   correct   list  of   the   presidents  in   order  of 
serving. 

122.  Name  States  admitted  under  each  president. 

123.  Name  wars  under  each. 

124.  Name  presidents  elected  by  the  Federalists  (Whigs, 
Republicans). 

125.  Anti-Federalists  (Republicans,  Democrats). 

126.  Name  those  serving  more  than  one  term. 

127.  Those  serving  less  than  one  term. 

128.  Give  nicknames  of  the  presidents. 

129.  Give  some  peculiarity  of  each  president. 

130.  Which  one  do  you  admire  most  and  why? 


132  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  BUCHANAN  was  born  at  Stonybrtter,  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  22,  1791;  graduated  at  Dickin- 
son college,  in  1809,  studied  law  at  Lancaster  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1812,  soon  securing  a  lucrative  practice; 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  1812  and  marched  in  a  company  to 
the  defense  of  Baltimore;  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1814,  and  to  Congress  in  1821,  where  he 
remained  for  ten  years;  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee 
in  1829;  appointed  by  Jackson,  in  1831,  as  envoy  extra- 
ordinary and  minister  plenipotentiary  at  St.  Petersburg;  se- 
cured the  first  commercial  treaty  with  Russia;  elected  to  the 
senate  in  1833;  appointed  secretary  of  state  under  Polk; 
concludes  the  settlement  of  the  northwestern  boundary  line 
fixed  at  49°  north  latitude;  retired  at  the  close  of  Polk's  ad- 
ministration to  private  life,  but  is  recalled  by  Pierce  in  1853 
as  minister  to  England;  was  sent  to  consult  with  Mr.  Soule, 
minister  to  Madrid,  and  Mr.  Mason,  minister  to  France,  at 
Ostend  and  afterward  at  Aix-la-Chapelle,  concerning  the 
annexation  of  Cuba  to  the  United  States;  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  April,  1856,  and  was  unanimously  nomi- 
nated at  Cincinnati  in  June  for  the  presidency  and  elected  in 
November;  sent  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  to  Utah  to  suppress 
the  depredations  and  rebellious  spirit  of  the  Mormons,  and 
July  7,  1858,  notified  Congress  that  the  rebellion  of  the 
Mormons  was  ended;  in  his  annual  message  of  1860  he  ex- 
pressed a  hope  that  the  issue  of  disunion  would  be  averted, 
blamed  the  North  with  the  agitation  of  the  slavery  question, 
argued  that  the  people  of  any  State  who  felt  themselves  ag- 
grieved by  the  Federal  power  had  only  the  revolutionary  right 
of  resistance,  and  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the  executive  to  take 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  133 

care  that  the  laws  were  faithfully  executed,  yet  circumstances 
had  already  put  it  out  of  the  power  of  the  executive  to  do 
this  in  South  Carolina;  he  also  argued  that  the  Constitution 
had  given  Congress  "  no  power  to  coerce  into  submission  any 
State  which  is  attempting  to  withdraw,  or  has  actually 
withdrawn  from  the  federacy"  ;  South  Carolina  seceded 
December  20,  1860,  andi  sending  commissionei's  to  treat  with 
the  president,  he  replied  that  he  had  no  power  to  enter  upon 
such  negotiations  and  therefore  met  them  as  private  citizens 
only;  refused  to  withdraw  the  troops  from  Charleston  harbor; 
ordered  Mr.  Holt,  secretary  of  the  war,  to  notify  the  governor 
of  North  Carolina  that  the  forts  in  that  state,  ' '  in  common 
with  the  other  forts,  arsenals,  and  other  property  of  the 
United  States,  are  in  charge  of  the  president,  and  that  if  as- 
sailed, no  matter  from  what  quarter,  or  under  what  pretext, 
it  is  his  duty  to  protect  them  by  all  the  means  which  the 
law  has  placed  at  his  disposal,"  adding  the  statement  that  it 
was  not  his  purpose  to  garrison  the  forts  at  present;  this 
was  his  last  public  act;  he  retired  to  Lancaster,  March  4, 
1861,  and  took  no  part  in  public  affairs  from  that  time;  in 
1866  he  wrote  "Mr.  Buchanan's  Administration,"  in  which 
he  endeavored  to  explain  and  defend  the  measures  which  he 
had  sanctioned  and  adopted  during  his  term  of  office;  died 
June  1,  1868,  at  his  home  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 


134 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


"  1619- 

1820- 

1828- 

1832- 

Causes 

1850- 

of  the 

1854- 

Civil  War. 

1856- 

1857- 

1859- 

1860- 

STUDY  XXIX. 

BLACKBOARD    FOKM. 

-Slavery  Introduced. 

-Missouri  Compromise. 

-Tariff  Bill. 

-Tariff  Bill. 

Fugitive  Slave  Act. 

Compromise  Measures. 

Repeal  of  Missouri  Compromise. 

Kansas  Struggle. 

Party  Disputes. 

-The  Elections. 

-Dred  Scott. 

-John  Brown. 

-Secession. 

NOTE. — Spend  one  or  more  lessons  in  tracing  the  progress 
of  slavery  from  1619  to  1860.  Study  the  results  and  the 
productions  of  slave  labor.  In  which  section  of  the  U.  S. 
would  it  naturally  be  expected  to  thrive?  Why?  What  effect 
would  slave  labor  in  the  South  have  upon  manufacturing  in- 
terests of  the  North,  if  any?  Which  section  would  favor 
a  high  tariff?  A  low  tariff?  Why?  Are  your  conclu- 
sions correct?  How  could  the  Fugitive  Slave  Act  embit- 
ter the  South  against  the  North?  Why  should  the  passage  of 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill  affect  the  Missouri  Compromise? 
How  did  the  Kansas  struggle  affect  both  the  North  and  the 
South?  Why  should  Dred  Scott's  case  have  anything  to  do 
with  hastening  the  commencement  of  the  war?  How  could 
one  man,  viz.,  John  Brown,  affect  a  nation's  welfare?  Why 
was  the  secession  of  South  Carolina  considered  the  signal  for 
hostilities? 

If  you  clearly  understand  all  of  the  above,  then  you  are 
ready  for  the  study  of  the  War  of  Secession  or  The  Rebellion, 
the  Great  Civil  War. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


135 


STUDY  XXX. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


Lincoln  the 
"Father  of 
Emanci- 
pation. " 

Republi- 
can. 


1861 


1862  -I 


1863 


E. 


w 


W. 


E. 


!Ft.  Sumter. 
Big  Bethel. 
Bull  Run. 

\  Carthage. 

j  Wilson's  Creek. 

f  Mill  Spring. 

n.       (  Henry, 
rts.    -<  ^       •; 

(  Donelson. 

Pittsburg  Landing. 
j   Perryville. 
I   Murfreesboro. 
[_  Pea  Ridge. 

Williamsburg. 
Fair  Oaks 
Strasburg. 
Gaines's  Mil-l. 
Malvern  Hill. 
Cedar  Mountain. 
Manassas. 
South  Mountain. 
Harper's  Ferry. 
Antietam. 
Fredericksburg. 


Emancipation. 

j  Chancellorsville. 
E.    "j  Gettysburg. 

(  Vicksburg. 
W.    \  Chickamauga. 

(  Chattanooga. 
Draft  Riot. 
West  Virginia. 


136 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


1864  4 


C  Wilderness. 
J   Spottsylvania. 
j   Chambersburg. 
[  Winchester. 

Atlanta. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Ft.  Pillow. 
Nevada  Admitted. 


E. 


W. 


Columbia. 
Averysboro. 
Bentonville. 
1865  -{   Ft.  Steadman. 
|   Five  Forks. 
Petersburg. 
[_  Appomattos  C.  H. 

NOTE. — If  the  teacher  thinks  best  he  may  supply  Balti- 
more Mob,  Philippi,  Rich  Mountain,  Balls  Bluff,  Belmont, 
Blockade,  Hatteras  Inlet,  Port  Royal,  Neutrality  Proclama- 
tion and  Trent  Affair  in  the  events  of  1861. 

In  the  same  manner  he  may  supply  Savage's  Station, 
Glendale,  Chantilly,  New  Orleans,  Merrimac  and  Monitor. 
Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Pulaski,  Fort  Macon,  Florida  and 
Alabama  for  1862. 

For  1863,  Port  Hudson. 

For  1864,  Cold  Harbor,  Lynchburg,  Monocacy,  Cedar 
Creek,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw,  Franklin,  Fort  McAllister, 
Olustee,  Sabine,  Cross  Roads,  Pleasant  Hill,  Mobile,  Fort 
Fisher,  Alabama  and  Kearsarge. 

The  author  prefers  only  those  given  in  the  outline,  as  they 
are  the  more  important. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  In  this  war  it  will  be  well  to  study  the 
positions  of  the  several  armies  at  the  opening  of  each  cam- 
paign. If  this  be  carefully  done,  then  the  student  will  more 
readily  follow  the  movements  of  those  armies  and  discover 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  137 

the   results    in    logical    succession.      Complete  the    study  of 
each  campaign  ere  commencing  another. 

2.  Another  valuable  help  will  be  to  trace  each  prominent 
general  through  the  war  (see  Appendix),  as  in  Washington's 
campaigns. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

311.  What  president  was  called  "  The  Rail  Splitter"? 

312.  Which  president  was  never  married? 

313.  What  is  meant  by  "  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea"  ? 

314.  What  battle  was  fought  above  the  clouds? 

315.  Why  was  Stonewall  Jackson  so  called? 

316.  What  general  was  killed  by  his  own  men? 

317.  Why  did  General  Scott  resign? 

318.  Who  was  called  the  Rock  of  Chickamauga? 

319.  What  commander  lashed  himself  to  the  mast  of   his 
vessel  during  a  battle? 

320.  Why   was  the  War  of  Secession  not   closed   by   a 
treaty? 

REVIEW. 

131.  Name  the   four  impoi'tant  French  and  Indian  wars 
and  the  treaty  closing  each. 

132.  Name  all  our  foreign  wars  since  1789. 

133.  Explain  the  principal  social  differences  between  the 
early  settlers  of  Virginia  and  those  of  Massachusetts. 

134.  Write  a  good  outline  for  any  administration. 

135.  Ditto  for  Pierce' s  Administration. 

136.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  Emancipation  Proc- 
lamation. 

137.  Give  a  full  account  of  the  assassination  of   Lincoln. 

138.  Trace   General    Grant   from    Cairo   to    Vicksburg. 
(Civil  War.) 

139.  Give  a  full   account   of   the  battle  of    Lake    Erie. 
(Perry's  Victory.) 

140.  Where  is  Ghent?     Guadaloupe  Hidalgo?     Ryswiek? 
Eutrecht?     Aix-la-Chapelle?     Paris?     (Hefer  to  maps.) 


138  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  born  in  what  was  then  Hardin 
(now  Larue)  county,  Kentucky,  February  12,  1809;  removed 
with  his  father  to  Spencer  county,  Indiana,  in  1816,  settling 
in  the  forest  near  Gentry ville;  here  he  worked  in  the  timber 
and  assisted  in  clearing  up  a  farm,  receiving  about  one  year's 
schooling — all  he  ever  had;  he  was  a  close  reader  and 
digested  all  the  books  within  his  reach;  in  1825  he  was 
employed  at  $6.00  per  month,  to  manage  a  ferry  on  the  Ohio 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Anderson's  creek;  he  was  famous  as 
a  story-teller,  for  writing  ludicrous  doggerel  satires,  for  his 
great  strength  and  his  skill  as  a  wrestler;  in  1 828  he  made  a  trip 
as  an  employe  on  a  flat-boat,  and  removed  with  the  family  to 
Illinois,  settling  ten  miles  west  of  Decatur,  near  Harristown, 
where  they  built  a  log  house  and  cleared  fifteen  acres  of  land 
and  fenced  it  with  rails,  part  of  which  were  made  by  Abra- 
ham; made  his  first  speech  while  employed  as  a  farm  hand  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two;  in  1831  assisted  in  building  a  flat-boat, 
which  he  helped  to  navigate  down  the  river  to  New  Orleans 
at  fifty  cents  a  day;  patented  a  device  for  lifting  boats  over 
shoals  and  shallow  water,  in  1849;  on  the  trip  he  first  saw  the 
slave  chained  and  abused  by  his  cruel  master  and  ever  after- 
ward he  abhorred  slavery;  became  a  clerk  in  a  country  store 
in  New  Salem  in  August,  1831,  and  remained  there  till  1832, 
when  his  employer  became  bankrupt;  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  Black  Hawk  War,  but  was  soon  chosen  captain,  mustered 
out  in  May  and  immediately  volunteered  in  "an  independent 
spy  company  ";  when  the  war  closed  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Whitewater,  Wisconsin,  and  as  his  horse  had  been  stolen,  he 
made  his  way  home  on  foot;  defeated  for  the  legislature  in 
1832,  he  bought  a  store  with  a  Mr.  Berry  as  partner  and  be- 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  139 

came  postmaster  of  New  Salem,  which  position  he  held  until 
1836,  when  the  office  was  disbanded;  Berry  proved  a  drunkard 
and  the  firm  became  bankrupt;  he  died  soon  afterward  and 
Lincoln  paid  all  the  debts  in  full;  became  an  expert  surveyor 
but  had  his  instruments  sold  under  an  execution  for  debt  in 
1834,  elected  to  the  legislature  the  same  year  and  continu- 
ously until  1840;  opened  a  law  office  with  John  T.  Stuart  in 
Springfield  in  1839;  in  1842  he  married  Mary  Todd  of  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky;  elected  to  Congress  in  1846,  against  Rev. 
Peter  Cartright,  and  known  as  the  only  Whig  from  Illinois; 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1849  by  General  Shields;  declined 
the  governorship  of  Oregon,  offered  by  Fillmore;  a  presi- 
dential elector  in  1856;  defeated  for  United  States  senator  by 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  in  1858;  nominated  for  president  in  1860, 
elected  in  November  and  inaugurated  March  4,  1861;  April 
15,  1861,  he  called  for  75,000  three  months'  Volunteers  to  put 
down  the  rebellion,  opened  by  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter;  on 
the  nineteenth  he  proclaimed  the  ports  of  the  seceding  States 
in  a  state  of  blockade,  and  on  May  3  called  for  42,000  three 
years'  Volunteers  and  ordered  the  addition  of  22,114  officers 
and  men  to  the  regular  army  and  1,800  seamen  to  the  navy; 
July  4  he  asked  Congress  for  400,000  men  and  $400,000,000  to 
maintain  the  supremacy  of  the  Union ;  appointed  General  George 
B.  McClellan  to  succeed  General  Scott,  who  had  asked  to  be 
relieved  from  the  command  of  the  army;  repudiated  General 
Hunter's  order  freeing  the  slaves  of  Georgia,  Florida  and 
South  Carolina,  May  9,  1862,  and  urged  a  gradual  emancipa- 
tion with  compensation  to  loyal  masters,  to  be  followed  by  the 
colonization  of  such  freedmen  as  desired  this  departure;  signed 
the  Emancipation  Proclamation  September  22,  1862,  but  it 
was  not  published  until  January  1,  1863;  proposed  in  his  Mes- 
sage to  Congress,  December  1,  1862,  a  Constitutional  Amend- 
ment for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  with  compensation  on  or 
before  the  year  1900;  removed  McClellan  November  7,  1862, 


140  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

and  appointed  General  Ambrose  E.  Burnside  in  his  place;  hav- 
ing suspended  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus,  May  3,  1861,  in  an 
order  addressed  to  the  commander  of  the  Florida  coast, 
Chief  Justice  Taney  rendered  an  adverse  decision,  but  the 
order  was  enforced  by  the  war  department  when  deemed 
necessary ;  commuted  the  imprisonment  of  Clement  L.  Valland- 
igham  to  banishment  beyond  the  military  lines  in  1863;  ap- 
pointed General  Joseph  Hooker  in  January  to  succeed  General 
Burnside,  and  in  turn  General  George  G.  Meade  to  succeed 
him  in  June;  made  his  famous  address  at  the  dedication  of 
the  national  cemetery  at  Gettysburg,  November  19,  1863; 
appointed  August  6  as  a  day  of  national  thanksgiving; 
December  8  offered  full  pardon  to  all  then  in  arms  against  the 
Union  (except  civil  and  diplomatic  officers,  soldiers  above  the 
rank  of  colonel,  those  who  had  resigned  from  the  Federal 
Congress,  and  a  few  others),  on  condition  of  their  taking  an 
oath  to  defend  the  Constitution,  Acts  of  Congress,  Proclama- 
tions of  the  President,  etc.;  October  16,  1863,  called  for 
300,000  more  Volunteers  to  take  the  place  of  those  whose 
terms  were  about  to  expire,  and  on  March  15,  1864,  for  200,000 
to  supply  the  navy  and  furnish  a  reserve  for  contingencies; 
March  9,  1864,  signed  the  commission  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Grant, 
a  post  formerly  filled  by  General  Halleck,  and  now  revived 
by  Congress;  ordered  the  offices  of  the  New  York  World 
and  Journal  of  Commerce  closed  for  the  publication  of  a  spuri- 
ous proclamation,  appointed  a  day  of  fasting,  humiliation 
and  prayer,  and  ordered  a  draft  of  400,000  men;  nominated 
June  8,  1864,  for  a  second  term,  and  July  18  called  for  500,- 
000  more,  ordered  a  draft  for  quotas  not  filled  by  September  5 ; 
elected  in  November,  1864;  December  19,  called  for  200,000 
more  Volunteers;  held  a  conference  with  Alexander  H. 
Stephens,  R.  M.  T.  Hunter  and  J.  A.  Campbell,  January  29, 
1865,  with  a  view  to  negotiating  peace,  insisting  upon  the  res- 
toration of  Federal  authority  throughout  all  the  States,  no 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  141 

receding  from  the  position  of  the  national  executive  on  the 
subject  of  slavery,  no  cessation  of  hostilities  short  of  the  dis- 
banding of  the  Confederate  armies;  inaugurated  March  4,  1865; 
visited  the  army  of  the  Potomac  before  Petersburg,  March  24, 
and  remained  with  it  till  the  fall  of  Richmond,  which  place  he 
entered, accompanied  only  by  his  son,  Admiral  Porter,  and  a  few 
sailors,  walking  to  the  headquarters  of  General  Weitzel,  oc- 
cupied by  Jefferson  Davis  the  day  before;  two  days  after  Lee's 
surrender  he  delivered  an  address  in  which  he  discussed  the 
question  of  reconstruction  at  some  length;  opened  the  blockad- 
ed ports  by  Proclamation,  stopped  the  drafting,  the  purchase  of 
munitions  of  war  and  removed  the  restrictions  of  trade;  Good 
Friday,  April  14,  in  company  with  Mrs.  Lincoln  and  two 
personal  friends  visited  Ford's  Theater  to  witness  the  play  of 
"  Our  American  Cousin  ";  assassinated  by  John  Wilkes  Booth, 
a  few  minutes  past  ten  o'clock,  by  a  shot  from  a  pistol,  and 
while  seated  in  his  box  at  the  theater;  removed  to  a  private 
house  across  the  street  and  died  at  7:22  A.M.  the  next  day. 


142 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


Johnson, 

' '  The  Independent 
President. " 

"The  Third  Acci- 
dental President." 

Republican. 


STUDY  XXXI. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

1865  to  1869. 

j  Amnesty  Proclamation. 
0  (  Thirteenth  Amendment. 
1866 — Atlantic  Cable. 

C  Fourteenth  Amendment. 
I   Nebraska. 
1   Purchase  of  Alaska. 
[  Tenure  of  Office  Bill. 
1868  —  Impeachment. 


1867 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Look  in  your  dictionaries  for  the  mean- 
ing of  amnesty,  proclamation,  amendment,  tenure  and  im- 
peachment. 2.  Read  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution.  3.  Read  all  your  authors  on  the 
impeachment  trial.  4.  Read  some  sketch  of  the  early  days 
of  Andrew  Johnson.  5.  Read  events  of  1860  and  1861. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

321.  Which  president  was  a  tailor  ? 

322.  Which  one  was  a  great  wrestler  ? 

323.  How  was  Jefferson  Davis  disguised  when  captured? 

324.  What  did   John   Wilkes   Booth   say  when  he  shot 
Lincoln? 

325.  What  president  held  a  reception  in  the  parlors  of  a 
vanquished  "ex-president"  ? 

326.  What  was  the  Confederate  flag  called? 

327.  Who  was  "  Honest  Old  Abe  "  ? 

328.  How  can  you  arrange  the  names  of  Lincoln  and  his 
vice-president  so  as  to  spell  the  same  both  horizontally  and 
vertically? 

329.  What  was  the  highest   price   ever  paid    for   gold  in 
the  United  States?     Explain  what  is  meant  by  this? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  143 

330.  Where  was  Jefferson  Davis  confined  after  his 
arrest? 

REVIEW. 

141.  Write  the  substance  of  the  Thirteenth  Amendment. 
The  Fourteenth  Amendment. 

142.  Write  all  you  can  about  the  impeachment.    / 

143.  Give  cause  of  the  Mexican  War. 

144.  What  was  the  Omnibus  Bill? 

145.  Tell  about  the  settlement  of  California. 

146.  Tell   about    the    purchase    of    Louisiana,    Florida 
Alaska. 

147.  Name   thirteen   original   colonies,    and   tell    when, 
where  and  by  whom  each  was  settled. 

148.  Write  form  for  King  William's  War. 

149.  Write  form  for  Buchanan's  Administration. 

(Are  you  still  reviewing  a  little  each  day?  If  not,  how 
does  your  knowledge  of  history  compare  with  that  of  your 
classmates?) 


144  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


ANDREW  JOHNSON  was  born  iii  Raleigh,  North  Carolina, 
December  29,  1808;  extreme  poverty  prevented  his  receiving 
an  education,  and  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  tailor  named  Selby 
at  the  age  of  ten;  learned  to  read  some  by  studying  in 
private;  getting  into  trouble  by  throwing  stones  at  an  old 
woman's  house  he  ran  away  to  avoid  arrest;  stopped  at 
Laurens  Court  House,  South  Carolina,  and  worked  as  a 
journeyman  tailor;  returned  to  Raleigh  in  1826,  offered  an 
apology  to  Mr.  Selby,  and  proposed  to  pay  for  his  unex- 
pired  time,  but  the  latter  requiring  security  which  he  could 
not  obtain,  he  removed  with  his  mother  to  Tennessee; 
worked  a  year  at  Greenville,  where  he  married  and  made  his 
home,  learning  to  write  and  cipher;  elected  alderman  in  1828 
and  mayor  in  1830;  elected  trustee  of  Rhea  Academy  in 
1834;  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1835;  defeated  in  1837  but 
re-elected  in  1839;  ran  as  elector-at-large  in  1840  on  the 
Democratic  ticket;  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1841  and  to 
Congress  in  1843;  elected  governor  of  Tennessee  in  1853  and 
re-elected  in  1855;  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in 
1857;  nominated  as  military  governor  of  Tennessee  and  con- 
firmed by  the  Senate,  March  12,  1862;  showed  great  personal 
bravery  in  sustaining  the  office  of  governor  in  a  State  over- 
run by  guerillas  and  border  ruffians,  where  anarchy  ruled 
almost  supreme;  June  7,  1864,  he  was  nominated  for  vice- 
president  on  the  ticket  with  Mr.  Lincoln ;  was  elected  and 
inaugurated  March  4,  1864;  on  Lincoln's  death  was  sworn  in 
as  president;  May  1,  appointed  a  military  commission  for  the 
trial  of  those  immediately  concerned  in  the  assassination  of 
Lincoln  and  offered  a  reward  of  $100,000  for  the  capture  of 
Jefferson  Davis,  and  smaller  amounts  for  the  capture  of 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PKRIOI).  145 

several  others;  laid  the  corner-stone  ,of  a  monument  erected 
to  the  memory  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  in  August,  1866; 
September  7,  1807  issued  the  Amnesty  Proclamation  to  the 
Southern  States;  removed  Stanton  from  the  office  of  secretary 
of  war  and  appointed  Grant  as  secretary  ad  interim,  but 
Congress  refusing  to  sanction  the  removal,  Grant  resigned 
in  Stanton's  favor;  dismissed  Stanton  again  and  appointed 
General  Lorenzo  Thomas  as  secretary  ad  interim,  but  the 
former  refused  to  vacate;  in  February  the  House  voted  to  im- 
peach the  president  and  the  trial  was  begun  on  the  twenty-third ; 
lacked  one  vote  of  impeachment  as  a  two-thirds  vote  was  re- 
quired ;  defeated  in  Convention  for  the  office  of  president  July 
4,1868;  proclaimed  pardon  to  all  persons  formerly  engaged  in 
rebellion  except  those  under  indictment  before  the  United 
States  court,  and  on  December  25  proclaimed  full  pardon 
to  all  thus  engaged;  retired  to  his  home  in  Greenville  on  the 
inauguration  of  Grant;  defeated  by  two  votes  as  a  candidate 
for  United  States  Senate  in  1870;  in  1872  he  was  an  inde- 
pendent candidate  for  con  gressman-at- large  and  assisted  to 
defeat  the  regular  Democratic  candidate,  electing  Horace 
Maynard;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  1875.  Died 
from  a  stroke  of  paralysis  July  31,  1875. 


10 


146 


UNITED   8TATK8    HISTOKY. 


STUDY  XXXII. 


BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


1869 

1870 
1871 


Grant, 
'The  Silent  President."  -j 
Republican. 


1869  to  1877. 

Black  Friday. 

Pacific  R.  R. 

Fifteenth  Amendment. 

Chicago  Fire. 

Alabama  Claims. 

Geneva  Arbitration. 
>.0  J   Credit  Mobilier. 
J  1   Boston  Fire. 

Modoc  War. 

Salary  Grab. 

Financial  Panic. 

Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Charles  Sumner. 
1875  — Resumption  Act. 

Centennial. 

Colorado. 

Custer's  Defeat. 
1877  — Electoral  Commission. 


1873 


1874 


1876 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  If  you  do  not  find  an  account  of   Black 
Friday  in  your  history,  please  ask  your  teacher  to  explain. 

2.  Read  the  account  of  laying  the  last  rail  of  the  U.  P.  R.  R. 

3.  Memorize  the  Fifteenth  Amendment.     4.    Tell  something 
about  the  origin  and  the  magnitude  of  the  Chicago  and  the 
Boston   fires.     5.     Read  all  you  can  secure   on  the   Credit 
Mobilier  and  the  Geneva  Arbitration.     6.  Have  your  parents 
tell   you   about  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.     7.  Tell  about 
Custer's  defeat.     8.  Tell  all   you  can  about  the  Centennial. 
9.    Read  a   sketch   of    Charles    Sumner.     Also    of    Horace 
Greeley. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  147 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

331.  Who  was  the  "  Sage  of  Chapaqua"  ? 

332.  Who   delivered  the   pi-ay er   at   the  opening  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia? 

333.  Who   delivered    the   Fourth  of   July  oration   at  the 
Centennial  Exhibition? 

334.  What  president  was  taught  to  read  and  write  by  his 
wife? 

335.  How   did  the  vote  stand    on  the  impeachment   of 
Johnson? 

336.  Who  said,  "I  will  fight  it  out  on  this  line  if  it  takes 
all  summer  "  ? 

337.  Who  was  the  "Little  Giant  "  ? 

338.  What  general  would  read  his  Bible  while  his  army 
was  preparing  for  battle? 

339.  What   fort    was    bombarded  for  two  and   one-half 
years? 

340.  Of  what  metal  were  the  last  two  spikes  driven  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad  composed? 

REVIEW. 

150.  Write  a  brief  account  of  Black  Friday. 

151.  Give  the  substance  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment. 

152.  Give   account    of    the    Geneva    Arbitration.     The 
Credit  Mobilier. 

153.  Tell  all  about  the  Salary  Grab. 

154.  Write  a  short   account    of  the   Modoc  War.      The 
Sioux  War. 

155.  Give  full  account  of  the  Burr-Hamilton  duel. 

156.  What  is  meant  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation? 
The  Constitution? 

157.  What  is  United  States  History? 


14S  UMTK1>    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 

ULYSSES  SIMPSON  GRANT  was  bora  at  Point  Pleasant, 
Ohio,  April  27,  1822;  removed  with  his  parents  to  George- 
town, Ohio;  entered  West  Point  military  academy  in  1839 
and  graduated  in  1843,  ranking  number  21  in  a  class  of  39; 
was  stationed  on  the  Missouri  river  as  second  lieutenant  of 
infantry  and  attached  to  the  4th  regiment;  in  1845  ordered  to 
Texas,  and  September  made  full  lieutenant;  was  in  the  actions 
at  Palo  Alto,  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  Monterey  and  Vera  Cruz, 
made  quartermaster  of  his  regiment  in  1847;  in  1848  married 
Miss  Julia  T.  Dent  of  St.  Louis;  in  1852  accompanied  his 
regiment  to  California  and  was  commissioned  captain  in 
1853;  resigned  in  1853  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  St.  Louis, 
also  engaging  somewhat  in  the  real  estate  business;  in  1859 
he  engaged  in  the  tanning  business  at  Galena  with  his  father; 
volunteered  when  the  war  broke  out  in  1861  and  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  twenty-first  regiment,  joining  it  at 
Mattoon,  Illinois;  organized  and  drilled  it  at  Casey ville, 
crossing  the  river  into  Missouri,  where  it  guarded  the  rail- 
roads for  a  time;  placed  in  command  of  the  troops  at  Mexico, 
Mo. ,  then  forming  a  part  of  Pope's  forces,  July  3 1 ;  August 
23,  promoted  to  brigadier-general,  with  commission  dated 
back  to  May  17,  and  assumed  command  at  Cairo,  Illinois;  he 
seized  Paducah  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee,  September  (5, 
Smithlaud  on  September  25,  fought  the  battle  of  Belmont,  No- 
vember 7,  captured  Ft.  Henry  February  6,  1862, and  Ft.  Donel- 
son  on  the  sixteenth,  being  ably  assisted  by  Foote,  who  com- 
manded the  gunboats;  made  major-general  of  Volunteers  on 
the  same  date  and  assumed  General  C.  F.  Smith's  command 
upon  the  death  of  that  officer;  Gen.  A.  S.  Johnson  attacked 
him  at  Pittsburuc  Landing  and  drove  him  back  to  the  river 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  149 

on  April  6,  but  he  rallied  on  the  arrival  of  heavy  re-enforce- 
ments and  drove  the  enemy  from  the  field  on  the  seventh; 
he  was  slightly  wounded  in  this  battle;  became  commander 
of  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  July  1 1 ,  when  Halleck  went  to 
Washington;  gained  a  victory  over  Price  at  luka,  September 
19;  prevented  J.  E.  Johnston  from  joining  Pemberton  in 
Vicksburg,  May  18,  and  laid  siege  to  that  place;  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  major-general  in  the  regular  army;  captured 
Vicksburg  July  4,  1863;  carried  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Lookout  Mountain  on  Nov.  24-25;  received  a  gold  medal 
from  Congress  in  1864;  Lincoln  made  him  lieutenant-general 
of  all  the  armies,  March  1,  1864,  and  on  the  ninth  he  received 
his  commission  from  him  in  person;  May  3,  ordered  the 
troops  to  move  toward  Richmond  under  General  Meade,  en- 
countering Lee's  forces  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
where  he  was  foiled  in  his  advance;  met  Lee  at  Spottsylvania, 
and  was  repulsed  again  at  Cold  Harbor  with  a  similar  result; 
being  unable  to  drive  Lee  out  of  his  position  he  settled  down 
to  the  siege  of  Petersburg;  this  ending  in  April,  he  fol- 
lowed Lee  closely  from  Richmond  to  Appomattox  Court 
House  and  there  received  his  surrender;  his  head-quarters 
were  fixed  at  Washington  after  the  war;  July  26,  1866,  he 
was  commissioned  general  of  the  army,  the  rank  having  been 
created  for  him ;  was  made  secretary  of  war  ad  interim  by 
Johnson  August  12,  1867,  and  held  it  until  Jan.  14,  1868; 
nominated  for  president  May  21,  1868,  was  elected  in  No- 
vember and  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1869;  May  19 
proclaimed  that  there  should  be  no  reduction  of  wages  on 
account  of  a  decrease  of  hours  of  service  in  the  offices  of  the  gov- 
ernment; March  30,  1870,  proclaimed  the  Fourteenth  Amend- 
ment duly  ratified;  urged  the  annexation  of  Santo  Domingo 
as  a  territory  in  1871;  nominated  for  a  second  term  at  Phila- 
delphia June  5,  1872,  elected  in  November  and  inaugurated 
March  3,  1873;  had  his  salary  doubled  in  1873;  vetoed  the 


150  UXITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

bill  reducing  the  president's  salary  in  1876;  made  an  address 
at  the  opening  of  the  Centennial,  or  International  Exhibi- 
tion, at  Philadelphia,  May  10,  1876,  and  opened  the  valves 
of  the  great  Corliss  engine,  whose  tremendous  pistons  drove 
the  machinery  in  the  government  building;  closed  the  Ex- 
hibition November  10  of  the  same  year,  by  saying  "  I  de- 
clare the  International  Exposition  closed,"  at  the  same  time 
closing  the  valves  of  the  wonderful  engine ;  signed  the  Elec- 
toral Commission  bill,  by  means  of  which  the  disputed  elec- 
tion of  president  was  settled  but  two  days  before  inaugura- 
tion time;  began  a  tour  of  the  world,  in  company  with  his 
family  and  a  few  individual  friends,  in  1877,  returning 
in  the  fall  of  1879;  wrote  his  memoirs  at  some  length 
in  his  leisure  hours,  finally  completing  them  while  suffering 
from  cancer  of  the  throat,  from  which  he  died  in  1885.  It 
was  thought  that  his  habit  of  constantly  smoking  had 
something  to  do  with  hastening  his  death. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


151 


STUDY   XXXIII. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


Hayes, 

"  The  Policy  President." 
Republican. 


1877  to  1881. 

(  Railroad  Riots. 
1877  <  Murphy  Movement. 
(  Phonograph. 
William  C.  Bryant. 
Yellow  Fever. 
Negro  Exodus. 
Yellow  Fever. 
Carbon  Light. 
1880  —  U.  S.  Census. 


1879 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Read  the  illustrated  newspapers  of  1877 
for  a  good  idea  of  the  railroad  riots.  2.  If  your  history 
does  not  give  an  account  of  the  Murphy  Movement,  have 
your  teacher  tell  you  of  it.  3.  Read  any  sketch  of  William 
C.  Bryant;  mention  some  poems  he  wrote.  Which  ones  have 
you  read  ?  4.  Relate  in  your  own  language  the  story  of  the 
Negro  Exodus,  and  that  of  the  Yellow  Fever.  5.  What  was 
the  population  of  the  U.  S.  in  1880?  Of  your  State?  Of 
your  township?  Of  your  city  or  village? 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

341.  Who  was  the  "  Tanner  President"  ? 

342.  What  is  meant  by  a  "  Granger  "  ? 

343.  How  many  locomotives  were  burned  at  Pittsburgh 
in  the  railroad  riots? 

344.  What  is  a  "  coolie  "  ? 

345.  Who  said,  "  Go  West,  young  man  "  ? 

346.  Who  is  the  "  Father  of  Greenbacks  "  ? 

347.  What  man  had  "the  longest  funeral  on  earth "  ? 

348.  What  president  in  his  inaugural  address  used  the 
expression,  "With  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  for  all"? 


152  ITXITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

349.  What  general  of  the  Rebellion  was  designated  as 
"  Fighting  Joe  "? 

350.  What  was  the  "  cheese  box  on  a  raft"  ?  (1862). 

REVIEW. 

158.  What  amendments  have  been  made  to  the  Constitu- 
tion?    What  was  the  first  and  the  last  made? 

159.  Describe  the  failures  and  the  final  success  of  the 
Atlantic  cable. 

160.  What  States  were  admitted  from  1789  to  the  present? 

161.  What  important  railroad  was  completed  in  1869? 
Give  an  account  of  the  ceremonies  on  its  completion. 

162.  Write  a  short  sketch  of  Horace  Greeley. 

163.  Describe  the  labor  riots  of  1877.     Give  causes. 

164.  Make  a  good  list  of  American  authors. 

165.  Make  a  list  of  important  inventions  with  names  of 
inventors. 

166.  Give  full  account  of  presidential  muddle  of  1876-7. 

167.  What  was  Hayes's  policy? 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


RUTHERFORD  BIRCHARD  HAYES  was  born  at  Delaware, 
Ohio,  October  4,  1822;  graduated  at  Kenyon  College,  Ohio, 
in  1842;  pursued  the  study  of  law  in  Harvard  College  under 
Judge  Story  and  Prof.  Greenleaf,  from  1843  to  1845,  when 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  he  practiced  law  in  Lower  San- 
dusky,  now  Fremont,  Ohio,  for  a  time,  and  then  removed  to 
Cincinnati,  where  he  met  with  great  success  as  a  lawyer;  mar- 
ried Miss  Lucy  Webb  in  1852;  in  1856  was  defeated  as  a  candi- 
date for  judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  court;  chosen  city  solicitor 
by  the  Council  of  Cincinnati  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  1859,  and 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  153 

defeated  for  the  same  office  in  1861;  appointed  major  of  the 
Twenty-third  Regiment  of  Ohio  Infantry,  June  7,  1861,  and 
assigned  to  duty  in  West  Virginia;  appointed  judge-advocate 
of  Ohio  in  September,  and  in  October  appointed  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel;  was  in  the  battle  of  South  Mountain, 
September  14,  1862,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm;  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Regiment,  October  24 
of  the  same  year.  At  the  battle  of  Winchester,  July  24, 
1864,  he  was  forced  to  retire  under  a  galling  fire,  and  dis- 
played great  bravery;  was  in  the  indecisive  battle  of  Berry  - 
ville,  bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  battle  of  Opequan,  or 
Winchester,  September  19;  led  in  the  assault  at  South  Mount- 
ain, or  Fisher's  Hill,  September  22,  and  in  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Creek,  where  his  horse  was  shot  under  him;  was  made  briga- 
dier-general on  March  13,  1865,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
brevet  major-general  for  gallantry  in  the  preceding  skirmishes 
and  battles;  elected  a  congressman  from  Ohio  while  yet  in 
the  field  in  1864,  and  took  his  seat  December  4  of  the  same 
year;  re-elected  in  1866;  elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1867, 
resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  and  was  inaugurated  January 
13,  1868;  re-elected  in  1869;  defeated  for  Congress  in  1872; 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1875;  nominated  for  President 
at  Cincinnati  in  1876  and  inaugurated  March  5,  1877;  vetoed 
the  Silver  Coinage  Bill,  February  28,  1878;  died  at  Fremont, 
Ohio,  January  17.  1893. 


154 


UNITED    STATKS    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XXXIV. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


Garfield, 

"The  Teacher 

President." 

Arthur, 

"  Fourth  Accidental 
President." 

Republican. 


1881  to  1885. 

C  Star  Route  Investigation. 
J   Assassinated  July  2. 
j   Died  Sept.  19. 
^  Yorktown 
j  Guiteau  Hanged. 
(  Mississippi  Floods. 
(  Ohio  Floods. 
|  Tariff  Bill. 
j   Brooklyn  Bridge. 
(   Washington  Monument. 


1881 


1882 


1883 


1885 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  If  your  histories  do  not  contain  the  his- 
tory for  1881-1883,  it  will  be  necessary  for  you  to  question 
those  who  are  likely  to  know.  If  you  have  a  file  of  any 
newspaper  it  would  be  well  to  leaf  it  for  the  information  con- 
cerning the  assassination  of  President  Garfield,  the  York- 
town  Centennial,  the  trial  and  execution  of  Guiteau,  the 
Mississippi  and  the  Ohio  floods.  The  Pictorial  Press  will 
be  the  best  reference.  If  you  have  no  such  files,  borrow  one 
of  a  friend,  or  spend  an  evening  with  him  in  looking  over 
the  topics  named.  2.  Allow  the  writer  to  suggest  that  we 
do  not  pay  enough  attention  to  current  history  in  our  school 
work.  The  live  teacher  or  the  wide-awake  pupil  will  note 
every  current  event  of  any  importance.  Let  us  set  about 
making  an  historical  scrap-book,  in  which  we  shall  file  all 
historical  notes  of  whatever  moment,  cut  from  the  daily  or 
weekly  paper  of  each  issue. 

QUEER    QUERIES. 

351.  Why  is  Garfield  called  the  "  Teacher  President"? 

352.  Who  shot  Garfield? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  155 

353.  Why  are  certain  presidents  called  "Accidental"? 

354.  What  is  a  star  route? 

355.  Why  does  it  anger  a  brave  among  the  Indians  to  ask 
him  to  give  his  name? 

356.  What  is  meant  by  the  Joint  High  Commission? 

357.  What  States  presented  the  spikes  used  in  laying  the 
last  rail  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  in  1869? 

358.  Who  projected  and  built  the  St.  Louis  bridge? 

359.  What  were  Horace  Greeley's  last  words? 

360.  What  was  a  carpetbagger  in  the  South? 

REVIEW. 

168.  What  was  the  first  and  last  battle  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War? 

169.  Ditto  the  Mexican  War? 

170.  Ditto  the  War  of  1812? 

171.  Ditto  the  Mexican  War? 

172.  Ditto  the  War  of  Secession? 

173.  Ditto  the  French  and  Indian  War? 

174.  Give  a  full  account  of  Ouster's  defeat. 

175.  Name  the  seceding  States. 

176.  Tell  about  the  Trent  Affair. 

177.  Tell  what  you  can  about  the  Geneva  Arbitration. 

178.  Give  a  short  sketch  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 

179.  Tell  briefly  what  you  know  of  the  Chicago  Fire;  of 
the  Boston  Fire.  * 

180.  Give  a  sketch  of  the  Centennial  Exposition;  enum- 
erate the  good  derived  from  holding  Expositions. 


156  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


JAMES  ABKAM  GARFIELD  was  born  at  Orange,  Cuyahoga 
county,  Ohio,  November  19,  1831;  gained  a  rudimentary 
education  in  the  common  school;  worked  on  the  farm  as  a 
hired  hand  and  drove  a  horse  on  the  towpath  of  the  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania  Canal  for  a  short  time;  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
entered  the  High  School  at  Chester  and  extended  his  studies  to 
algebra,  Latin  and  Greek;  in  the  fall  of  1851  entered  Hiram 
college,  in  Portage  county,  where  he  remained  as  a  student 
and  teacher  until  1854;  entered  Williams  College  in  the  same 
year  and  graduated  in  1856;  returned  to  Hiram  College  as  a 
professor  and  afterward  became  its  president,  holding  this 
position  until  the  Civil  War  broke  out  in  1861,  when  he  vol- 
unteered in  the  service  of  his  country;  in  the  meanwhile, 
having  studied  law  and  having  been  elected  to  the  Ohio  State 
Senate,  he  had  imbibed  a  love  for  politics;  he  was  made  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  the  42nd  Ohio  infantry,  and  afterward 
colonel;  he  saw  active  service  in  the  battles  of  Corinth, 
Chickamauga,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general;  was  made  chief  of  staff  to  General  Rosecrans,  and 
soon  after  elected,  while  in  the  field,  to  Congress,  where  he 
served  seventeen  years;  in  1879  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  was  nominated  and  elected  president: 
was  inaugurated  March  4,  1881;  was  wounded  by  Charles  J. 
Guiteau  while  waiting  to  take  a  train  for  Williams  College 
and  while  in  company  with  his  secretary  of  state,  James  G. 
Elaine,  at  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  depot,  July  2,  1881;  died 
after  lingering  until  September  19,  on  the  anniversary  of  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  at  Long  Branch,  Xew  Jersey. 

CHESTER  A.  ARTHUR  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ver- 
mont, October,  5,  1830;  he  was  educated  at  Union  College, 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  157 

from  which  he  graduated  in  1849;  taught  school  in  his  native 
State,  then  studied  law  in  New  York  City,  where  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  and  soon  secured  a  lucrative  practice;  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War  was  quartermaster-general  of  his  State; 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law  in  1865,  and  was  appointed 
collector  of  customs  for  the  port  of  New  York  in  1871,  and 
held  this  position  till  removed  by  President  Hayes  in  July, 
1878;  returned  again  to  the  law  practice,  but  was  soon 
selected  to  run  as  a  candidate  for  the  vice-presidency,  which 
he  won;  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1881 ;  called  to  the 
office  of  president  by  the  death  of  Garfield,  he  took  the  oath, 
September  22,  1881,  and  at  once  entered  upon  his  duties; 
served  out  his  term,  and  retired  to  New  York  City,  where  he 
died  in  1886. 


158 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XXXV. 


BLACKBOARD  FORM. 


Cleveland, 

"The  Tariff-Reform 
President." 
Democrat. 


1885 


1886 


1887 


1888 


1889 


1885  to  1889. 

Thos.  A.  Hendricks. 
General  Grant. 
Presidential  Succession  Bill. 
Anarchist  Riot. 
Charleston  Earthquake. 

Electoral  Count  Bill. 
Inter-State  Commerce  Act. 
President's  Tour. 
Tariff  Message. 

Tariff  Discussion. 
Fisheries  Dispute. 
S.  Dakota. 
N.  Dakota. 
Montana. 
Washington. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  Ascertain  the  changes  made  by  passing 
the  Presidential  Succession,  Bill.  2.  Read  all  you  can  find 
on  the  subject  of  electric  lighting  and  its  history.  3.  Ditto 
the  telephone.  4.  Ditto  the  phonograph.  5.  Look  through 
the  physical  geographies  and  read  all  you  can  find  on  the  sub- 
ject of  earthquakes.  6.  Determine  what  is  meant  by  the 
Inter-State  Commerce  Law  and  how  its  workings  affect  com- 
merce. 7.  Read  all  you  can  get  on  the  tariff — high  and  low 
— and  argue  either  side  by  applying  examples.  8.  If  the  fish- 
eries dispute  is  important,  explain  why  so. 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

361.  Did  Grover  Cleveland  have  any  assistance  in  obtain- 
ing an  education? 

362.  How   did    Cleveland    get   the  $25  upon  which   he 
started  in  life? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  159 

363.  Who  was  the  author  of  the  Inter-State  Commerce 
Law? 

364.  Where  and  when  did  Grant  die? 

365.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  Knights  of  Labor?  " 

366.  What  singular  phenomena  appeared  in  the  cottage  at 
Mt.  McGregor  where  Grant  lay  a  corpse? 

367.  Which  one  of  the  condemned  anarchists  of  Chicago 
committed  suicide? 

368.  What  was  the  most  terrific  earthquake  ever  experi- 
enced in  the  United  States? 

369.  Cleveland  had  98,000  more  votes  than  Harrison  in 
1888;  why  was  he1  not  pronounced  elected? 

370.  How  is  it  that  Mrs.  John  A.  Logan  draws  a  pension 
of  $2,000  annually? 

REVIEW. 

181.  How  long  had  the  Democratic  party  been  out  of 
power  when  Cleveland  was  inaugurated? 

182.  What  is  meant  by  the  Civil  Service  Rule? 

In  1883,  a  bill  was  passed  requiring  examinations  of  can- 
didates for  promotions  and  appointments  to  certain  classes  of 
government  offices. 

183.  What  presidents  have  served  two  terms? 

184.  What  States  have  furnished  presidents? 

185.  What  is  meant  by  the  resumption  of  specie  payment? 

On  January  1,  1879,  coin  was  put  into  general  circu- 
lation, and  in  December  of  the  same  year,  gold  and  sil- 
ver were  at  par,  i.  e. ,  gold  sold  at  par  value.  Silver  had  been 
demonetized  in  1873  by  what  was  known  as  the  Bland  Silver 
Bill,  which  made  gold  the  solid  standard  of  our  currency. 

186.  What  is  the  Indian  theory  of  the  creation  of  man? 

That  man,  in  some  unaccountable  manner,  appeared  dur- 
ing a  summer  month  ages  ago,  and  that  a  bird  which  was 
caught  by  stratagem  was  suddenly  transformed  into  a  beauti- 
ful woman. 


160  r.MTEi)    STATUS    HISTORY. 

187.  Name  in  order  eight  important  events  from  1492   to 
1541. 

188.  Name  in  order  eight  important  events  from  1541   to 
1607. 

189.  What   prominent  historical  characters   died  during 
Cleveland's  administration? 

Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  Vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  November  25,  1885;  Ulysses  S-  Grant,  July  23,  1885; 
General  George  B.  McClellan,  October  29,  1885;  General 
Winfield  S.  Hancock,  February  9,  1886:  \Iajor-Gsneral  John 
A.  Logan,  December  26,  1886;  Horatio  Seymour,  February 
12,  1886;  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  August  4,  1886;  Rev.  Henry 
Ward  Beecher,  March  8,  1887;  Chief  Justice  Morrison  Rem- 
ich  Waite,  March  23,  1887;  Hon.  Roscoe  Conkling,  April 
18,  1887;  Lieutenaut-General  ^made  General  by  appoint- 
ment of  President  Cleveland  under  a  special  act  of  Congress, 
passed  in  May,)  Philip  H.  Sheridan,  August  5,  1887,  making 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  death  rolls  occurring  under  the 
administration  of  a  president  of  the  United  States. 

190.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  Anti-polygamy  Bill  "? 

It  was  a  bill  introduced  by  Senator  Edmunds  of  Vermont, 
intended  to  stamp  out  the  crime  of  polygamy  as  practiced  in 
the  Territory  of  Utah  among  the  Mormons;  at  first  it  seemed 
that  the  general  government  would  be  called  upon  to  enforce 
the  law  by  the  aid  of  the  soldiery,  but  the  advice  of  the 
Mormon  leaders,  coupled  with  the  strict  enforcement  of  the 
law,  soon  reconciled  that  peculiar  religious  sect  to  the  inevit- 
able result  of  good  government  and  purity  in  the  home. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PKRIOD.  161 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


GROVER  CLEVELAND  was  bora  at  Caldwell,  N.  J. ,  March 
18,  1837;  while  quite  young  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Fayetteville,  New  York,  traveling  by  schooner  on  the  Hudson 
and  by  packet  on  the  Erie  canal;  entered  an  academy  and  was 
making  good  progress  when  his  father  died,  leaving  him  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  penniless;  went  to  New  York,  where  he 
had  an  elder  brother,  and  taught  in  a  blind  asylum  for  a 
time;  finding  this  uncongenial  to  his  mind,  he  went  to  Buffalo 
and  entered  a  laAV  office, where  he  read  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1859;  in  1863  began  his  public  career  as  assistant 
district  attorney;  elected  sheriff  of  Erie  county  in  1869  and 
Mayor  of  Buffalo  in  1881;  elected  to  the  governorship  of  New 
York  in  1882  by  the  largest  majority  ever  accorded  to  that 
office,  viz.,  192,854;  nominated  for  president  in  18S4,  and 
elected  in  November  of  that  year,  taking  the  oath  of  office 
March  4,  1885;  signed  the  Presidential  Succession  Bill  in  1886; 
married  Miss  Frances  Folsom  of  Buffalo,  June,  1886,  the 
ceremony  being  performed  in  the  presence  of  the  Cabinet 
Ministers,  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Senators  and  Rep- 
resentatives, the  Diplomatic  Corps,  the  Lieutenant-General  of 
the  Army,  Admiral  of  the  Navy,  and  other  officials  and 
friends  of  the  contracting  parties,  in  the  White  House;  par- 
ticipated in  the  ceremonies  of  unveiling  the  Statue  of  Liberty 
at  New  York,  presented  to  the  American  people  by  Bartholdi 
in  1886;  signed  the  Inter-State  Commerce  Act  in  1887;  Decem- 
ber 4,  1887,  issued  his  famous  tariff  message;  in  1888  gave 
Lord  Sackville  his  passports  from  the  Union;  nominated  for 
a  second  term  June  7,  1888,  and  defeated  by  Harrison  in 
November  of  the  same  year;  retired  from  office  March  4,  1889, 
and  at  once  began  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York  city; 


162  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

nominated  for  the  third  time  for  President  in  1892  and 
elected  in  November,  taking  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1893; 
opened  the  Columbian,  or  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  May  1, 
1893.  (Here  insert  such  important  features  in  his  life  from 
time  to  time  as  may  be  deemed  worthy.) 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


103 


STUDY  XXXVI. 

1889  to  1894. 

f"  Johnstown  Flood. 

North 
J    South 
Harrison  '  1    Montana. 

Washington. 
International  Conference. 


'The   Orator 

President." 

Republican. 


Dakota. 


f  Idaho. 

j    Wyoming. 

1890  -j    "McKinley  Bill." 
New  Orleans  Riot. 

[_  Lottery  Legislation. 
1891— Oklahoma. 
1893 — Hawaiian  Discussion. 


I 

DIRECTIONS.  1.  Read  the  Johnstown  Flood  from  any 
source  whatever.  2.  Find  a  sketch  of  the  Dakotas  and  read 
carefully.  3.  Find  out  what  was  meant  by  the  International 
American  Conference  and  what  its  object  was  in  meeting  at 
Washington.  4.  Compare  the  McKinley  Bill  with  the  Mills 
Bill  by  gleaning  information  from  the  local  politicians. 

QUEER  QUERIES. 

371.  What  of  the  ancestry  of  Harrison? 

372.  How  does  the  money  coined  at  the  mint  get  into  cir- 
culation? 

373.  What  calling  did  Harrison's  father  pursue? 

374.  Who  was  the  "  Boy  General?" 

375.  What  did  Hooker  say  to  Harrison   after   the   Peach 
Tree  Creek  fight? 

376.  What  rides  are  famous  in  our  history? 

377.  What  was  Harrison's  nickname? 

378.  Why   did  not    Grant  demand  General  Lee's  sword 
at  Appomattox? 


164  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

379.  What   chair   did   Harrison  occupy  during  his  inau- 
guration ceremonies? 

380.  Where  are  the  National  Homes  for  disabled   Volun- 
teer soldiers? 

REVIEW. 

191.  Give  some  of  the   evils  arising  from  indulging  lot- 
teries in  any  form. 

192.  When  was  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  made   a 
member  of  the  President's  cabinet?    In  what  department  did 
this  office  belong  previous  to  that  time? 

193.  Write  a  sketch  of  the  New  Orleans  riot. 

194.  What  is  Reciprocity  as  practiced? 

195.  Locate  Oklahoma,  Alaska,   Arizona,   Utah   and    In- 
dian Territory;  there  are  other  territories,  what  are  they? 

196.  Discuss  the  admission  of  Hawaii  pro  and  con. 

197.  Is  there  a  duty  on  sugar  now?    If  so  explain  what   it 
is  and  what  becomes  of  it.     If  not,  is  anything  paid   into,   or 
out  of,  the  government  treasury  for  it. 

198.  What  political  parties  have  we  now?    What  are  the 
principles  advocated  by  each? 

199.  Write  a  sketch  of  Benjamin  Harrison. 

200.  Ditto  one  of  Grover  Cleveland. 


CONSTITUTIONAL  PERIOD.  lt>5 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE 


BENJAMIN  HARBISON   was   born  at    North  Bend,   Ohio, 
August   20,    1833;  graduated  from  Miami  University  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  standing  fourth  in  a  class  of  sixteen ;,  went  to 
Cincinnati  and  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Bellamy  S.  Storer 
for  two  years;  received  an  inheritance  of  $800  from  his  aunt 
in  1851 ;  married  Miss  Scott  of  Oxford,Ohio,  in  1852;  located 
at  Indianapolis  and  began  the  practice  of  law;  began  his  politi- 
cal career  as  a  public  speaker  in  1856;  had  a  debate  with 
Thomas  A.   Hendricks  in  1860,  in  which  he  proved  himself 
equal   to   the   occasion   and  attracted  local    attention  to  his 
talents;  elected  court  reporter  in  1860;  obtained  a  lieutenant's 
commission,    and   in  Company  A,    70th  Indiana    regiment, 
went  into  camp,  and  in  less  than  thirty  days  was  sent  to  the 
front  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  with  the  army  of  the  Cum- 
berland;   was    attached    to    the    20th    Army   Corps    under 
"Fighting   Joe"  Hooker   in   the  fall,  and  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  Resaca  and  Peach  Tree  Creek;   aided  in  the  defeat 
of  Hood  under  General  Thomas;  called  home  to  attend  two 
sick   children,   he  was   stricken  with  scarlet  fever  for  a  time 
and  then  joined    Sherman's  army,  remaining  till  the  close  of 
the  war;  re-elected  Supreme  Court  reporter  in  1864,  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  law  firm   of  Porter,  Harrison  and  Fish- 
beck;   defeated   for   governor  in  18 76;  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senatein  1881;  returned  to  his  law  practice  in  1887; 
nominated  at  Chicago,  June  25,  1888,  as  candidate  for  presi- 
dent on   the   Republican  ticket,  and  elected  in  November, 
taking  the  oath  of  office  Mai'ch  4,  1889;  signed  the  McKinley 
tariff  bill,  and  the  bill  excluding  the  transmission  of  matter 
pertaining  to  lottery,  through  the  mails,  in  1890;  advised  the 
annexation   of  Hawaii   just  before  leaving  the  office;   retired 
to  Indianapolis,  March  4,  1893.   Died  March  3,  1901. 


166 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


STUDY  XXXVII. 


BLACKBOARD     FORM. 


Cleveland, 
'The  Tariff  Reform" 


President. 


Democrat. 


1893  to  1897. 

{Columbian  Exposition. 
Bank  Failures. 
Sherman  Act  Repealed. 


r 


1894 


Second  Term. 


Pullman  Strike. 
Wilson  Tariff  Bill. 
Telephone  Patents  Expire. 


1895 


Fred  Douglass. 
Anti-Lottery. 
Cuban  Insurrection. 
Utah. 

1896— St.  Louis  Cyclone. 

DIRECTIONS.  —  Fill  out  the  brace  as  important  events 
transpire,  thus  keeping  the  outlines  to  date.  Try  to  secure 
some  brief  account  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  as  a  basis 
for  short  notes  and  allusions  to  it  in  the  future.  Try  to 
understand  the  effects  of  Bank  Failures  upon  all  classes  of 
trades  and  professions.  Give  short  sketch  of  the  origin  and 
extent  and  results  of  the  Pullman  Strike.  Explain  the  Wil- 
son Tariff  Bill  in  contrast  with  the  McKinley  Tariff  Bill. 
Make  up  your  own  Queer  Queries  from  time  to  time,  and 
write  them  with  the  answers  most  likely  to  be  forgotten, 
upon  the  fly-leaves  of  this  book. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


167 


STUDY  XXXVIII. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


William  McKinley, 
"The  Gold  Standard 

President." 
Republican. 


1897  to  1901. 

[Discovery    of    Gold    in 

Klondike  —  Alaska  . 
The  Dingley  Tariff  Bill. 

Bimetallic  Conference. 


1898  J 


1899 


1900 


1901 


the 


The  Maine  Disaster. 
War  with  Spain. 
Battle  of  Manila. 
Admiral  Dewey. 
Battle  of  Santiago. 
Protocol  of  Peace. 

Treaty  of  Paris. 

Porto  Rico  and   Philippines 

Ceded  to  U.  S. 
Cuba  Freed. 

Annexation  of  Hawaiian 
Islands. 

J  Imperialism. 
^Re-election  of  McKinley. 

{Pan-American  Exposition  at 
Buffalo. 
Assassination   of  the   Presi- 
dent. 


DIRECTIONS.— 1.  For  what  was  McKinley  best  known  prior 
to  his  election  to  the  Presidency?  2.  What  was  the  issue  on 
which  he  was  elected?  3.  Who  were  his  opponents?  4.  What 


168a  UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 

was  the  purpose  of  the  Bimetallic  Conference?  5.  From  whom, 
when,  and  at  what  price  did  the  United  States  purchase 
Alaska?  6.  What  was  the  real  cause  of  the  war  with  Spain? 
7.  What  was  the  immediate  cause?  8.  What  action  did  Con- 
gress take  regarding  the  Maine  disaster?  9.  How  does  a 
protocol  differ  from  a  treaty?  10.  What  were  the  stipulations 
of  the  Treaty  of  Paris?  11.  How  much  did  the  United  States 
pay  for  the  Philippines?  12.  What  significance  had  the  war? 
13.  What  is  meant  by  imperialism?  14.  Of  what  commercial 
advantage  to  the  United  States  are  the  Hawaiian  Islands? 
15.  Locate  them.  16.  In  what  way  did  the  United  States 
improve  conditions  in  Cuba  and  in  the  Philippine  Islands? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  168b 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 

WILLIAM  McKiNLEY  was  born  in  Niles,  Trumbull  County, 
Ohio,  January  29,  1843.  On  his  father's  side  his  ancestry 
was  Scotch-Irish;  his  forefathers  came  to  America  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago.  He  was  seventh  of  a  family 
of  nine  children.  William  received  his  early  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Niles.  When  he  was  nine  years  of  age, 
however,  his  family  removed  to  Poland,  Ohio,  where  he 
attended  the  Union  Seminary  until  he  was  seventeen.  He 
excelled  in  mathematics  and  the  languages,  and  was  the 
superior  of  all  the  students  in  debate.  In  1860  he  entered 
the  junior  class  of  Alleghany  College,  Meadowville,  Pa., 
where  he  would  have  graduated  the  following  year  but  for 
the  failure  of  his  health.  He  found  the  change  he  needed 
in  teaching  school. 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  young  McKinley  volun- 
teered, and  was  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  E,  of  the 
Twenty-third  Regiment — Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  This 
regiment  included  a  large  number  of  noted  men,  among  them 
General  W.  S.  Rosecrans  and  President  Hayes.  "Young  as 
McKinley  was,"  said  ex-President  Hayes  in  1891,  "we  soon 
found  that  in  business  and  executive  ability  he  was  of  rare 
capacity."  On  March  4,  1865,  he  received  from  President 
Lincoln  a  commission  as  major  in  the  volunteer  army,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  urged  to  remain  in  the  army,  but,  yielding  to  the  judgment 
of  his  father,  he  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment.  He  had 
never  been  absent  a  day  from  his  command  on  sick  leave, 
had  had  only  one  short  furlough  in  his  four  years  of  service, 
had  never  asked  for  nor  sought  promotion,  and  was  present 


168a 


UNITED   STATES    HISTORY. 


was  the  purpose  of  the  Bimetallic  Conference?  5.  From  whom, 
when,  and  at  what  price  did  the  United  States  purchase 
Alaska?  6.  What  was  the  real  cause  of  the  war  with  Spain? 
7.  What  was  the  immediate  cause?  8.  What  action  did  Con- 
gress take  regarding  the  Maine  disaster?  9.  How  does  a 
protocol  differ  from  a  treaty?  10.  What  were  the  stipulations 
of  the  Treaty  of  Paris?  11.  How  much  did  the  United  States 
pay  for  the  Philippines?  12.  What  significance  had  the  war? 
IS.  What  is  meant  by  imperialism?  14.  Of  what  commercial 
advantage  to  the  United  States  are  the  Hawaiian  Islands? 
15.  Locate  them.  16.  In  what  way  did  the  United  States 
improve  conditions  in  Cuba  and  in  the  Philippine  Islands? 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  168b 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


WILLIAM  McKiNLEY  was  born  in  Niles,  Trumbull  County, 
Ohio,  January  29,  1843.  On  his  father's  side  his  ancestry 
was  Scotch-Irish;  his  forefathers  came  to  America  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago.  He  was  seventh  of  a  family 
of  nine  children.  William  received  his  early  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Niles.  When  he  was  nine  years  of  age, 
however,  his  family  removed  to  Poland,  Ohio,  where  he 
attended  the  Union  Seminary  until  he  was  seventeen.  He 
excelled  in  mathematics  and  the  languages,  and  was  the 
superior  of  all  the  students  in  debate.  In  1860  he  entered 
the  junior  class  of  Alleghany  College,  Meadowville,  Pa., 
where  he  would  have  graduated  the  following  year  but  for 
the  failure  of  his  health.  He  found  the  change  he  needed 
in  teaching  school. 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  young  McKinley  volun- 
teered, and  was  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  E,  of  the 
Twenty-third  Regiment — Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  This 
regiment  included  a  large  number  of  noted  men,  among  them 
General  W.  S.  Rosecrans  and  President  Hayes.  "Young  as 
McKinley  was,"  said  ex-President  Hayes  in  1891,  "we  soon 
found  that  in  business  and  executive  ability  he  was  of  rare 
capacity."  On  March  4,  1865,  he  received  from  President 
Lincoln  a  commission  as  major  in  the  volunteer  army,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  urged  to  remain  in  the  army,  but,  yielding  to  the  judgment 
of  his  father,  he  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment.  He  had 
never  been  absent  a  day  from  his  command  on  sick  leave, 
had  had  only  one  short  furlough  in  his  four  years  of  service, 
had  never  asked  for  nor  sought  promotion,  and  was  present 


168c 


UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 


and  active  in  every  engagement  in  which  his  regiment  partici- 
pated. 

Upon  leaving  the  army,  McKinley  began  the  study  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Warren,  Ohio,  in  1867.  He 
began  practice  in  Canton,  Ohio,  where  his  elder  sister  taught 
school.  Canton  was  his  home  the  rest  of  his  life. 

McKinley  took  an  active  interest  in  politics  from  the  begin- 
ning, and  soon  became  known  as  an  ardent  republican.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  to  Congress  where  he  continued  to  sit 
for  many  years.  In  1891  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio, 
obtaining  the  largest  vote  cast  up  to  that  time  in  an  election 
for  that  office.  Throughout  his  public  life  he  made  many  public 
addresses  of  which  one  of  the  most  admired  was  that  on  "The 
Life  and  Public  Service  of  George  Washington,"  delivered 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Union  League  Club,  Chicago. 

Shortly  after  his  return  to  his  home  in  Canton  on  the 
expiration  of  his  term  as  Governor,  he  was  elected  President. 
His  principal  opponent  was  William  J.  Bryan.  In  1900  he 
was  re-elected  President  by  a  great  plurality.  Shortly  after 
his  second  term  began,  he  left  Washington  on  a  trip  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  McKinley  and  his  cabinet. 
It  was  during  this  tour  of  the  entire  country  that  he  remarked, 
"What  a  mighty  resistless  power  for  good  is  a  united  nation 
of  free  men !" 

Early  in  the  autumn,  the  President  and  several  members 
of  his  cabinet  attended  the  Pan-American  Exposition  at 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  delivered  an  address  on  September  5. 
While  receiving  his  fellow  citizens  the  next  day,  he  was 
assassinated.  He  died  September  14.  He  was  loved  through- 
out the  land  as  few  Presidents  have  been.  The  sorrow  that 
filled  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen  has  never  been  equaled. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


168d 


Theodore  Roosevelt, 

"The  Rough-rider 

President." 

Republican. 


STUDY  XXXIX. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 
1901  to  1909. 

Panama  Canal  Project. 
Hay-Pauncefote  Treaty 

with  England. 
Japanese-Russian  War. 
Monroe  Doctrine. 
/Anthracite  Coal  Strike. 
[Cuba  a  Republic. 
Panama's  Secession  from 

Colombia. 
Treaty  with  Panama. 

Louisiana  Purchase  Exposi- 
tion at  St.  Louis. 
Presidential  Election. 


1901 


1902 


1903 


1904 


1905 


1906  -j 


1907 


1908 


Treaty  of  Portsmouth. 
Cruise  of  U.  S.  Navy 
Around  World. 

Increased  Power  Given  In- 
terstate Commerce  Com- 
mission. 

San  Francisco  Earthquake. 
Nobel  Peace  Prize  Awarded 

President  Roosevelt. 
Jamestown  Exposition. 
Second  Hague  Conference- 
Conservation  of  Natural  Re- 
sources. 
Financial  Depression. 

Death  of  Ex-President 

Cleveland. 
Presidential  Election. 


168e  UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 

DIRECTIONS. — 1.  In  studying  the  history  of  the  Panama 
Canal,  read  some  account  of  the  series  of  diplomatic  arguments 
with  Great  Britain  and  the  long  list  of  negotiations  with  the 
South  American  countries.  2.  The  war  with  Spain  showed 
the  value  of  the  canal  for  war  purposes,  if  for  no  other,  while 
our  new  territories  in  the  Pacific  added  to  the  need  of  a  short 
water  route  between  the  eastern  and  western  coasts.  3.  What 
were  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  1850  with  England  concerning 
the  canal  route?  4.  What  was  paid  the  old  French  canal 
company  for  its  work?  5.  What  great  advantage  to  the  United 
States  was  the  secession  of  Panama  from  Colombia?  6.  What 
amount  has  been  expended  in  building  the  canal?  7.  What  is 
meant  by  the  Canal  Zone  and  who  is  its  governor?  8.  What 
is  meant  by  diplomacy?  9.  What  position  in  the  President's 
cabinet  did  John  Hay  occupy?  10.  Study  the  Monroe  Doc- 
trine (page  100).  11.  Is  it  in  the  form  of  a  law  passed  by 
Congress?  12.  Fully  explain  this  famous  policy  and  its 
importance  in  our  international  affairs.  13.  What  do  you 
understand  by  the  "Open  Door  in  China"?  14.  Trace  the 
voyage  of  the  American  Fleet  around  the  world.  15.  The  trip 
was  an  evidence  of  the  general  effectiveness  of  our  navy  and 
greatly  impressed  the  entire  world.  16.  Should  the  United 
States  be  a  world  power  or  should  it  confine  itself  to  activity 
in  the  Western  Hemisphere?  17.  Give  reasons  for  your 
answer.  18.  What  are  our  natural  resources?  19.  What  is 
being  done  to  preserve  them?  20.  Explain  the  power  and 
importance  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  168f 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


THEODORE  ROOSEVELT  was  born  in  New  York  on  October 
27,  1858.  He  was  thus  not  quite  forty-three  when  placed  in 
the  White  House  through  the  death  of  McKinley.  Like  most 
of  his  predecessors  in  office,  he  came  of  a  family  which  has 
been  American  since  colonial  times. 

In  the  city  of  his  birth  he  received  his  early  education. 
While  a  boy  he  was  given  much  trouble  by  his  delicate  health, 
the  ordinary  games  of  boys  being  beyond  his  strength.  Per- 
ceiving the  necessity  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  he  set  himself 
to  the  task  of  obtaining  one  and  from  his  purpose  he  seems 
never  to  have  swerved.  By  the  time  he  was  ready  to  enter 
Harvard  University  he  had  become  robust.  His  four  years 
of  college  life  show  his  character  and  tendencies  as  completely 
as  do  any  of  the  eventful  years  which  have  followed  them. 
Politics  and  History  gained  his  special  interest,  but  he  did  not 
neglect  any  of  his  studies  nor  the  physical  training  that  had 
become  such  an  important  part  of  his  life. 

Leaving  college  Roosevelt  traveled  in  Europe,  dividing 
his  time  between  more  extensive  study  and  hard  physical 
exercise,  such  as  mountain-climbing.  Returning  to  New  York 
after  a  year's  travel,  he  studied  law.  In  a  short  while  he 
produced  his  first  work,  "A  History  of  the  War  of  1812."  It 
marked  the  beginning  of  an  eminent  literary  career. 

In  1881,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly.  To  the  surprise  and 
distaste  of  many  politicians,  he  was  twice  re-elected  and  indeed 
became  a  leader  of  the  minority  in  the  legislature.  In  1884 
he  joined  the  National  Guard  of  New  York,  securing  training 
which  he  found  most  useful  in  the  Spanish-American  war  of 


168g  UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 

1898.  Upon  leaving  the  legislature  he  traveled  in  the  West 
and  became  a  ranchman  at  Medora  on  the  Little  Missouri 
River.  Of  his  experiences  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  much  has 
been  written;  they  form  the  most  picturesque  chapter  in 
Roosevelt's  life. 

On  returning  East  in  1886  he  again  entered  politics, 
becoming  candidate  for  Mayor  of  New  York.  He  was 
defeated,  but  at  once  turned  to  literary  work,  writing  several 
biographies.  In  the  next  few  years  he  was  appointed  to 
several  offices  in  Washington  and  New  York,  becoming  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission, 
president  of  the  Police  Board  of  New  York  City  and  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Navy.  When  war  was  declared  with  Spain, 
he  resigned  his  position  to  take  a  personal  part  in  the  contest. 
The  first  cavalry  regiment  of  volunteers  was  organized  under 
his  command.  He  and  his  men  became  popularly  known  as 
the  "Rough  Riders,"  as  they  were  largely  cowboys  from  the 
West.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Roosevelt  found  himself 
a  national  figure  of  such  popularity  that  in  spite  of  bitter 
opposition  he  was  elected  Governor  of  New  York. 

On  March  4,  1901,  Theodore  Roosevelt  became  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  an  office  which  he  held  until 
the  tragedy  of  McKinley's  death  brought  upon  his  shoulders 
the  greater  responsibilities  of  the  office  of  President.  He  was 
more  than  equal  to  his  new  duties,  however,  and  in  November, 
1904,  the  people  showed  their  realization  of  that  fact  by 
electing  him  their  supreme  executive  for  the  four  years  fol- 
lowing. In  1908  he  was  again  urged  by  many  Republicans  to 
accept  their  nomination  for  the  Presidency,  but  he  refused  to 
listen  to  them. 

On  the  expiration  of  his  term  as  President,  accompanied 
by  his  son  and  several  friends,  he  made  an  extensive  expe- 
dition through  Africa.  In  1913  he  again  showed  his  interest 
in  exploration  by  n  trip  through  the  wilds  of  South  America. 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


168h 


His  most  noted  work  is  "The  Winning  of  the  West,"  a 
history  of  the  deeds  of  the  frontiersmen  in  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, and  the  Old  Northwest.  Though  well  known  as  a 
successful  historical  writer,  perhaps  his  most  popular  words 
to-day  are  those  advocating  "the  strenuous  life" — the  life 
of  effort,  ambition,  and  progress — the  life  which  shuns 
inglorious  and  selfish  ease. 


1681 


UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 


STUDY  XL. 

BLACKBOARD    FORM. 


William  Howard  Taft, 

'The  Lawyer  President." 

Republican. 


1909  to  1913. 

f  Payne-Aldrich  Tariff  Law. 
1909  -J  Tax  on  Corporations. 

(^Discovery  of  North  Pole. 

[Publication  of  Campaign 

Contributions. 
I  Interstate  Commerce  Acts. 
I  Postal  Savings  Banks. 


1911 


1912 


j  Canadian  Reciprocity. 
J  Industrial  Strikes. 

Industrial  and  Welfare 
I      Laws. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico 

Admitted. 

Sinking  of  S.  S.  Titanic. 
Presidential  Election. 
Progressive  Party. 


191 3 — Sixteenth   Amendment 
Adopted. 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  What  is  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Law  of 
1890?  2.  Has  it  been  effective?  3.  What  great  corporations 
were  ordered  dissolved  by  the  courts  during  President  Taft's 
term?  4.  What  were  three  noteworthy  features  of  the  Payne- 
Aldrich  Tariff  Law?  5.  What  is  the  meaning  of  reciprocity? 
6.  What  would  be  the  most  desirable  tariff  regulations  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada?  7.  Why  did  the  Canadian 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 

Parliament  refuse  our  offer  of  Reciprocity?  8.  What  power 
was  given  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  by  the  acts 
of  1901  and  1906?  9.  What  extension  of  powers  was  given 
in  1910?  10.  Where  are  the  postal  banks  located  ?  11.  What 
rate  of  interest  is  paid?  12.  How  did  the  Progressive  Party 
arise?  13.  Under  whose  leadership ?  14.  What  is  the  purpose 
of  the  sixteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution?  15.  Why 
was  it  needed? 


168k  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


WILLIAM  HOWARD  TAFT  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
Sept.  15,  1857.  Through  both  parents  his  ancestry  goes  back 
to  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony.  From  his  father  he  inherits 
his  interest  in  scholarship  and  his  love  of  the  law;  from  his 
mother  his  bodily  strength  and  his  stature.  After  a  prepara- 
tory course  at  the  Woodword  High  School  in  his  home  city, 
young  Taft  joined  the  class  of  1878  at  Yale  University. 
From  the  first  he  strived  for  scholastic  honors  and  avoided 
the  distractions  of  competitive  athletics.  At  the  close  of 
his  four  years  he  stood  second  in  a  class  of  121,  and,  with 
that  record  behind  him,  returned  to  Cincinnati  to  study  for 
the  bar.  On  his  admission  he  became  a  newspaper  law- 
reporter  to  familiarize  himself  with  court  procedure.  Almost 
from  the  start  he  attracted  the  attention  of  the  republican 
party  managers.  He  was  made  first  an  assistant  county 
prosecutor  and  then  collector  of  internal  revenue.  In  1887 
a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  superior  court  and  the  Governor 
appointed  him  to  fill  it  temporarily.  In  1 890,  President  Har- 
rison invited  him  to  Washington  as  Solicitor-General  and 
introduced  him  to  the  whole  United  States. 

After  two  years  of  service  as  Solicitor-General,  Mr.  Taft 
was  appointed  a  United  States  Circuit  Judge.  In  1900 
President  McKinley  appointed  Mr.  Taft  head  of  a  civil 
commission  of  five  members  to  govern  the  Philippine  Islands. 
His  first  official  act  on  reaching  the  islands  was  to  assure 
the  people  that  he  had  come  not  to  bring  them  present  inde- 
pendence nor  a  definite  promise  of  independence,  but  to  aid 
them  in  acquiring  whatever  measure  of  progressive  self- 
government  they  were  capable  of  maintaining.  He  invited 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD. 


1681 


the  co-operation  of  all  parties,  and  to  obtain  it,  he  made  a 
complete  tour  of  the  archipelago.  On  July  4,  1901,  he  was 
formally  proclaimed  First  Civil  Governor  of  the  Philippines. 
During  his  governorship  he  returned  to  America  for  a  few 
months  and  while  here  was  urged  to  accept  a  seat  in  the 
Supreme  Court.  He  declined  to  accept  it,  however,  saying 
he  had  promised  his  "little  brown  brothers,"  as  he  affection- 
ately called  the  Filipinos,  to  stay  with  them  till  they  were 
sure  of  a  stable  administration.  It  was  not  until  this  was 
an  accomplished  fact  that  he  left  them  to  become  Secretary 
of  War.  As  the  Philippines  were  still  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  War  Department,  he  felt  that  he  could  continue  to 
direct  their  affairs  to  a  large  extent  in  his  new  position. 

One  of  the  first  tasks  that  fell  to  the  new  Secretary  of 
War  was  to  start  the  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal.  For 
this  work,  he  gathered  around  him  a  group  of  experts.  For 
purposes  of  civil  administration  a  Governor  was  appointed 
who  had  already  had  experience  in  handling  a  similar  situa- 
tion. Construction  plans  were  entrusted  to  a  leading  engineer 
of  the  army.  The  sanitary  supervision  of  the  colony  was 
assigned  to  a  military  surgeon  who  had  won  fame  in  pest- 
ridden  Cuba.  A  large  part  of  the  credit  for  the  excellent 
work  done  by  these  men  in  the  construction  of  the  canal  must 
be  given  to  the  one  who  so  wisely  selected  them  for  their 
positions. 

In  1908,  Mr.  Taft  was  elected  President.  His  adminis- 
tration of  the  affairs  of  the  nation  resembled  his  own  careful 
arid  judicious  nature.  Avoiding  dangerous  extremes  in  all 
cases,  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  many  economic  and  indus- 
trial improvements  that  have  been  of  great  benefit  to  the 
country.  Under  his  Presidency  the  United  States  was  gov- 
erned wisely  and  well.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  as 
President,  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  law  department 
of  Yale  University. 


l(58ra 


UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 


STUDY  XLI. 

BLACKBOARD   FORM. 
1913  to  - 


Woodrow  Wilson, 

'The  Teacher  President." 

Democrat. 


1913 


1914 


Canal  Tolls. 

Mexican  Policy. 

Tariff  Revision. 

Currency  Bill. 

Income  Tax. 

Seventeenth  Amendment 
Adopted — Direct 
Election  of  Senators. 

Arbitration  Treaties. 

War  with  Mexico. 
Panama      Canal      Com- 
pleted. 

War  in  Europe. 
American  Neutrality. 


1915 


1916 


DIRECTIONS. — 1.  What  was  the  fight  over  the  canal  tolls? 
2.  What  treaties  with  foreign  nations  had  any  bearing  on  the 
matter?  3.  What  was  Wilson's  policy  regarding  Mexico? 
4.  Do  you  consider  it  a  wise  one?  5.  Explain  the  Owen-Glass 
Currency  Bill.  6.  State  the  main  features  of  the  income  tax 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  lQ8n 

passed  by  Congress  in  1913.  7.  What  are  the  merits  of  the 
direct  election  of  Senators?  8.  Write  a  short  statement  of 
the  value  and  importance  of  the  Panama  Canal  to  the  United 
States.  9.  Make  your  own  outline  for  the  years  1915  and  1916. 


1680  UNITED    STATKS    HISTORY. 


SYNOPSIS  FOR  STUDY  AND  REFERENCE. 


WOODROW  WILSON  is  descended  from  Scotch-Irish  ancestry 
noted  for  culture  and  intensity  of  religious  conviction.  His 
father,  Dr.  Joseph  R.  Wilson,  was  destined  to  be  the  scholar 
of  his  family.  Trained  by  his  mother,  who  was  a  very  strict 
Presbyterian,  it  was  not  surprising  that  he  turned  to  the  min- 
istry on  reaching  manhood.  It  was  in  1856,  while  Dr.  Wilson 
was  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Staunton,  Virginia, 
that  Woodrow  was  born.  After  his  election  to  the  Presidency, 
Wrilson  was  tendered  a  reception  by  citizens  of  Staunton  upon 
his  fifty-seventh  birthday  when  he  was  quartered  in  the  little 
room  in  the  manse  where  he  first  saw  the  light. 

Woodrow  attended  excellent  schools,  but  his  real  instructor 
was  his  father.  Well-informed  and  fair-minded,  the  father 
was  keen  to  judge  a  new  book,  to  analyze  a  political  situation, 
to  shatter  a  sham,  or  to  scorn  a  pretender.  From  him  the  boy 
was  unconsciously  absorbing  the  same  ability.  He  spent  a 
year  at  Davidson  College,  N.  C.,  and  in  1875  entered  Prince- 
ton University. 

His  decision  as  to  his  life's  purpose  was  formed  suddenly. 
When  browsing  in  the  Princeton  library  one  day,  he  chanced 
upon  a  series  of  articles  entitled  "Men  and  Manners  in  Par- 
liament" in  the  files  of  the  Gentlemen's  Magazine.  He  was 
captivated  by  these  reports,  and,  on  finishing  the  series,  went 
on  to  the  study  of  English  political  history.  He  does  not 
hesitate  to  confess  that  this  was  a  turning  point  in  his  life, 
and  that  no  other  circumstance  did  so  much  to  make  public 
life  the  purpose  of  his  existence. 

Wilson's  selection  of  a  career  so  early  in  his  college  course 


CONSTITUTIONAL    PERIOD.  168p 

caused  him  to  elect  all  his  studies  with  a  view  ta  it.  Perceiv- 
ing that  the  study  of  law  held  forth  great  opportunities,  he 
entered  the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Virginia  after 
graduating  from  Princeton.  On  completing  his  course,  he 
practiced  law  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  for  a  short  time,  but 
turned  for  post-graduate  work  in  the  science  of  govern- 
ment to  Johns  Hopkins  University.  In  1885  appeared  his 
first  important  work, — "Congressional  Government."  It  was 
the  first  time  a  thorough  study  of  the  government  of  the 
United  States  had  ever  been  prepared  in  book  form.  It  met 
with  immediate  success,  bringing  him  invitations  to  several 
college  chairs.  He  accepted  that  of  Associate  in  History  and 
Political  Economy  at  Bryn  Mawr. 

Leaving  Bryn  Mawr,  he  became  Professor  of  History  and 
Political  Economy  at  Wesleyan  University.  It  was  at  Wes- 
leyan  that  he  wrote  "The  State" — probably  his  most  famous 
book.  In  1890  he  accepted  an  offer  of  the  chair  of  Juris- 
prudence and  Politics  in  Princeton  University.  After  fifteen 
years  the  youth  who  had  received  the  inspiration  for  his  life 
work  in  the  Princeton  library  was  back  on  the  campus  of  his 
Alma  Mater  as  a  member  of  the  faculty.  His  lectures  sprang 
into  popularity  there  as  they  had  elsewhere.  Princeton  had 
never  had  a  teacher  who  so  captivated  his  classes.  His  popu- 
larity with  both  student  and  professor  was  shown  when,  in 
1902,  he  was  elected  President  of  Princeton.  His  thorough 
equipment,  his  splendid  scholarship,  his  eloquence  and  popu- 
larity as  a  speaker,  and  his  judgment  and  executive  ability 
marked  him  as  a  splendid  man  for  the  position.  While  Presi- 
dent he  did  more  than  fulfill  the  expectations  of  his  admirers. 

In  1907  an  even  greater  opportunity  to  serve  his  fellow 
men  came  with  the  democratic  nomination  for  Governor  of 
New  Jersey.  He  accepted  it,  for  it  opened  the  avenues  of 
statesmanship  and  public  service  for  which  his  whole  life 
had  been  a  preparation.  He  was  elected  Governor  in  spite  of 


168q  UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 

sharp  opposition.  His  work  in  making  Princeton  a  truly 
American  institution  had  caught  the  eye  of  the  entire  country, 
and  his  extraordinary  success  in  obtaining  reforms  through  the 
New  Jersey  legislature  gave  him  additional  prominence.  As 
a  result,  when  the  Democratic  Convention  met  at  Baltimore 
on  June  25,  1912,  the  New  Jersey  executive  was  in  a  forward 
position  as  one  of  the  people's  favorites  for  the  office  of 
President. 

As  President,  Wilson's  resolute  will,  his  firm  grasp  of  the 
public  business,  and  his  strong  executive  ability  have  been 
clearly  seen.  His  capacities  and  his  abilities  measure  up  to 
the  office  he  holds.  No  other  President  since  Jefferson  has 
held  Congress  so  completely  in  his  control.  His  power  to 
move,  to  guide,  and  to  restrain  Congress  has  given  him  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  the  people. 


QUEER    QUERIES.  169 


MORE  QUEER  QUERIES. 


A  few  more  queries  are  appended  for  the  purpose  of  aid- 
ing the  teacher  and  the  pupil  in  historical  research.  A  large 
number  of  the  queries  are  inserted  for  the  purpose  of  leading 
the  student  to  a  knowledge  of  something  else  in  his  reading, 
other  than  to  verify  the  answers  appended.  It  is  hoped  that 
the  teacher  will  read  to  satisfy  himself  as  to  the  correct 
answers  to  all  the  queries. 

The  teacher  may  draw  upon  the  following  list  at  his 
leisure  in  the  class;  or  he  may  substitute  any  of  these  for 
others  in  the  regular  lesson. 

Let  both  teacher  and  pupil  vie  with  each  other  in  adding 
new  queries  to  this  list. 

381.  Who  was  Sir  John  Mandeville? 

382.  Why  cannot  the  people  of  the  Antarctic  continent 
see  the  North  Star? 

383.  How  did  Sir  John  Mandeville  say  the  earth  turned? 

384.  How  many  persons  signed  the  Mayflower  Compact? 

385.  What   early   document   contains   the   germ    of  the 
Articles  of  Confederation  and  of  the  Constitution? 

386.  When   did  the   Emancipation    Proclamation    take 
effect? 

387.  What  general  of  the  Revolution  was  called  the  "No 
flint  general "  ? 

388.  What   air   did  the   British   general  ordered  played 
when  his  army  entered  Philadelphia? 

389.  Where  did  a  house  save  the  British  from  defeat? 

390.  Plow  did  Luther  Holcomb  hold   Governor  Tryon's 
army  in  check  at  Bethel? 

391.  What  did  Congress  do  for  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bar- 
ton, who  captured  General  Prescott  at  Newport? 


170  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

392.  What  was  the  income  tax  of  1894? 

393.  What   was  found    within   the   hollow   silver  bullet 
which  the  messenger  so  hastily  swallowed  when  captured  by 
Governor  Clinton? 

394.  What    was    the   greatest    proof  of    Washington's 
patriotism? 

395.  Who  said,  "It  is  finishing  a  noble  career  early.      1 
die  the  victim  of  my  ambition  and  the  avarice  of  my  king; 
but  dying  in  the  arms  of  honor,  I  have  no  regrets"? 

396.  Who  was  "Marshal  Forr it/" ? 

397.  What  old  lady  continued  her  spinning  while  a  battle 
was  going  on  in  the  vicinity  of  her  house? 

398.  Who  was  styled  the  "Father  of  the  Constitution  "? 

399.  Who  was  the  "Lowland  Beauty  "  ? 

400.  Who  was  called  the  firmest  pillar  of  Washington's 
Administration  ? 

401.  Who  was  Washington's  strongest  rival? 

402.  How  did  Washington    cross  the  Delaware  en  route 
to  his  first  inauguration? 

403.  What  did  Conway  write  to  Washington    when   he 
thought  himself  mortally  wounded  in  the  duel? 

404.  Is  the  term  "President's   Cabinet"  known   in  the 
Constitution? 

405.  Who  was  known  as  the  "  Hair-buying  General  "  ? 

406.  Who  wrote  "  The  Battle  of  the  Kegs"  ? 

407.  Where  were  the  drowned  lauds  mentioned  in  Clark's 
expedition  to  Illinois? 

408.  Why  did  Daniel  Boone  remove  to  Missouri? 

409.  Who  was  cut  down   while  at   prayer  in  the  Cherry 
Valley  massacre? 

410.  Where  are  the  remains  of  Daniel  Boone? 

411.  How  did  the   little    school-girls  save   their  school- 
mates in  a  capture  of  the  school  by  Brandt  and  his  Indian 
allies? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  171 

412.  What  was  the  old  name  for  the  State  of  Tennessee? 

413.  What  were  Sergeant  Jasper's  last  words? 

414.  Why  did  Patrick  Henry  refuse  to  accept  any  public 
office  at  the  capital? 

415.  How  did  a  mirror  betray  the  approach  of  the  British 
at  Horse  Neck? 

416.  Who  was  the  first  Roman   Catholic  Bishop  in  the 
United  States? 

417.  Who  was  the  first  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church? 

418.  From  where  was  the  cotton  seed  brought  which  was 
first  planted  in  Georgia? 

419.  Where  and  when  was  the  first  cotton-mill  erected  in 
the  United  States? 

420.  We  frequently  hear  and  see  the  expression,  "  Cradle 
of  Liberty."     What  and  where  is  it?     Have  you  seen  it? 

421.  What   was   the  countersign  at  Stony  Point   when 
Wayne  made  his  attack? 

422.  When  were  the  first  cigars   smoked  in  the  United 
States? 

423.  Who  was  the  only  white  man  that  the  Six  Nations 
believed  entered  heaven? 

424.  What  was  Franklin's  new  stove  called? 

425.  What  man  threw  his  sword  away  and  prayed  for 
death  when  he  saw  his  fellows  falling  in  battle  around  him? 

426.  What    president   was   elected   on    the   thirty-sixth 
ballot  in  the  House  of  Representatives? 

427.  What  colonel  with  four  men  captured  five  British 
vessels  (four  of  them  armed  with  heavy  guns)  and  a  detach- 
ment of  the  army? 

428.  What  did  Paul  Jones  say  when  the  Serapis  hailed 
him  and  asked  if  he  had  "  struck  his  colors"  ? 

429.  Who  was  the  first  president  who  wore  shoe  strings 
instead  of  the  shoe  buckle? 

430.  Who  was  the  "Carolina  Game  Cock  "? 


172  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

481.    Who  was  the  "  Bayard  of  the  South  "? 

432.  What  did  Marion  use  for  plates  when  the  British 
officer  dined  with  him  ? 

433.  What  became  of  the  officer  who  dined  on  potatoes 
with  Marion? 

434.  Who  said,  "  Hunger  is  the  best  sauce"? 

435.  What  did  "Big  George"  say  to  Lieutenant  Slocumb 
as  he  chased  the  British  into  his  very  yard  ? 

436.  How  did  Nancy  Hart  capture  the  Tory? 

437.  Where  did  Andrew  Jackson  fight  his  first  battle? 

438.  As  Gates  was  on  his  way  South,  what  did  Charles 
Lee  say  to  him  by  way  of  caution  ? 

439.  What  did  Gates  mean  by  talking  of  Burgoyning 
Cornwallis  ? 

440.  What  two  opposing  generals  had  planned  a  mid- 
night attack  upon  each  other  ? 

441.  Where  did  the  Southern  patriots  procure  their  pow- 
der during  the  Revolution  ? 

442.  What  minister's  wife  was  shot  while  she  was  pray- 
ing at  her  own  bedside  ? 

443.  What  presidents  delivered  their  inaugural  address  in 
person  ? 

444.  Why  were  there  no  States  admitted  during  the  Rev- 
olution ? 

445.  What  chaplain  whose  wife  had  been  murdered  said, 
"Now,  boys,  put  Watts  into  them  "? 

446.  What  party  was  called  the  "  Bucktails  "  in  the  time 
of  Madison? 

447.  Which  party  was  called  "  Loco  Focos  "? 

448.  Who  killed  Braddock  ? 

449.  Who   were   the    "Barn-burners"?      "Hunkers"? 
"Hard  Shells"?    "Soft  Shells"? 

450.  What  was  the  Palmetto  Cockade  ? 

451.  Who  said,   "To  the  victors  belong  the  spoils  "  ? 


QUEER    QUEBIES.  173 

452.  What   family  connection   between  Jefferson  Davis 
and  Zachary  Taylor? 

453.  What  was  the  first  displacement  for  political  cause 
on  record? 

454.  When  was  the  Congressional  Library  established  by 
act  of  Congress  ? 

455.  What  was  termed  "The  palace  in  the  wilderness"? 

456.  Who  said,  "I  have  laid  down  the  law  out  of  the 
books  many  a  time  in  my  long  life,  but  this  is  the  first  time 
they  have  laid  me  down"  ? 

457.  What  admiral  prayed  to  the  God  of  battles  for  aid 
to  overcome  the  British  just  as  he  was  going  into  battle? 

458.  Who  displayed  the  first  flag  of  the  United  States  at 
Constantinople  ? 

459.  What  became  of  Stephen  Decatur? 

460.  When  Bonaparte  heard  of  Washington's  death,  what 
order  did  he  issue? 

461.  When  did  Fulton  receive  his  patent  for  a  steamboat? 

462.  What  is  the  Indian  meaning  for  Ohio? 

463.  What  ruined  Aaron  Burr? 

464.  What  two  States  indicted  Aaron  Burr  for  killing 
Hamilton  ? 

465.  Why  did  John  Randolph,  of   Roanoke,   leave  the 
Republican  party? 

466.  What  did  John  Randolph  call  the  Northern  politi- 
cians who  favored  the  measures  of  the  South? 

467.  Who  first  enunciated  the  doctrine  of  State  Rights? 

468.  What  did  Randolph   say  when   he   first    met    the 
Emperor  of  Russia? 

469.  What  was  the  "  O-grab-me  Act"? 

470.  What  is  the  Indian  meaning  for  Tecumseh  (Tecum- 
tha). 

471.  What  was  the  Prophet's  real  name  (the  brother  of 
Tecumseh)  ? 


174  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

472.  When  George  Clinton  died,  who  assumed  the  duties 
of  vice-president  pro  tern?     (April  20,  1812). 

473.  What  was  Josiah  Quincy  called  in  1812? 

474.  What  vessel  threw  the  first  shot  after  the  declara- 
tion of  war  in  1812?     (June  19,  1812). 

478.    What  was  the  inscription  on  Hull's  brass  cannon 
captured  at  Detroit? 

476.  What  did  some  of  the  British  officers  do  when  they 
captured  Hull's  brass  cannon? 

477.  What  was  the  sentence  of  Hull,  who  surrendered 
at  Detroit? 

478.  What  did  Scott  do  at  Queenstowri  Heights  when  the 
tide  of  battle  turned  against  him  ? 

479.  What  Indians  tried   to  kill  Scott  while  he  was  a 
prisoner  at  Niagara  ? 

480.  When  Proctor  failed  to  check  the  savages  in  their 
cruelty  to  prisoners,  what  did  Tecumseh  say  to  him  ? 

481.  Who  said,  "  Don't  give  up  the  ship  "? 

482.  Where  does  David  Glascoe  Farragut  first  appear  in 
the  ai-my  ? 

483.  What  was  the  inscription  on  Commodore  Perry's 
banner  ? 

484.  What  was  Perry's  dispatch  to  General  Harrison? 

485.  What  was  found  on  Commodore  Barclay's  ship  when 
captured  by  Perry? 

486.  What  became  of  Perry's  ship,  the  Lawrence? 

487.  What  did  the  school  children  sing  shortly  after  the 
death  of  Tecumseh? 

488.  How  did  Jackson  save  the  life  of  an  Indian  babe 
whose  mother  had  been  slain  ? 

489.  What  party  bore  the  odious  title  of  "  Blue  Light 
Federalists  "  ? 

490.  What  was  General  Scott's  speech  at  the  battle  of 
Chippewa? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  175 

491.  What  battle  was  fought,  amid  the  roar  of  the  Niag- 
ara Falls? 

492.  What  British  colonel  went  into  battle  crying,  "Give 
the  Yankees  no  quarter  "  ? 

493.  What   battle  was  fought  on  Sunday  in  the  War  of 
1812? 

494.  In  what  retreat  did  the  Americans  lose  but  one  man  ? 
(He  ran  till  he  died  from  sheer  exhaustion). 

495.  What  has  been  called  the  "  Bladensburg  Races"? 

496.  What  building  was  it  decided  to  burn  by  a  vote 
of  the  soldiers  ? 

497.  What  vice-president  died  in  a  carriage  while  riding 
to  the  capitol? 

498.  Why  was  Jackson  fined  $1,000  by  a  New  Orleans 
j  udge  ? 

499.  What  is  meant  by  the  Dartmoor  massacre? 

500.  Who  was  "Washington's  boy  minister"? 

501.  What  has  been  called  the  "Haystack  prayer-meet- 
ing"? 

502.  What  was  the    "  Genius  of    Universal   Emancipa- 
tion "  ? 

503.  How  many  stripes  had  our  flag  in  1795? 

504.  What  State  is  the  "Mother  of  Presidents  "? 

505.  What  president  was  the  son  of  a  president? 

506.  Who  first  proposed  the    construction  of   the  Erie 
Canal  ? 

507.  Who  threw  the  first  shovelful  of  earth  in  commenc- 
ing the  structure  of  the  Erie  Canal  ? 

508.  What  was  Adams's  last  toast? 

509.  Who    ran   the   first    locomotive   on    a    railroad   in 
America  ? 

510.  Who    built    the   first   experimental    locomotive    in 
America? 

511.  When  wras  the  first  successful  locomotive  of  Ameri- 
can construction  introduced? 


176  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

512.  When  was  the  corner-stone  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  laid? 

513.  What  president  frequently  used  the  expression,  "  By 
the  Eternal "  ? 

514.  What  was  put  on  board  the  schooner  Michigan  when 
it  was  sent  over  the  Falls  of  Niagara  in  T829? 

515.  What  became  of  these  animals  ? 

516.  The  initial  letters  of   what  motto  spell  the  word 
Whig? 

517.  When  was  the  grand  meteoric  shower? 

518.  Who  said,  "Here  I  hunted  when  a  boy;  here  my 
father  lies  buried ;  here  I  wish  to  die  "  ? 

519.  Who  was  the  first  president  born  after  the  Revolu- 
tion? 

520.  Who  was  "  Old  Tippecanoe  "  ? 

52 1 .  Who  was  ' '  Sweet  Anne  Symmes  "  ? 

522.  What  presidents  were  married  while  in  office? 

523.  What  was  the  "  Peacemaker,"  and  what  became  of 
it? 

524.  When  the  British   invaded  Washington,  what  did 
Mrs.  Madison  do  with  the  portrait  of  Washington  ? 

525.  Who  wrote  "  The  American  Conflict"? 

526.  What  was  Taylor's  command  to   Captain  May  at 
Resaca  de  la  Palma  ? 

527.  What  was  the  battle  cry  at  Buena  Vista"? 

528.  Who  wrote  the  "Angels  of  Buena  Vista? 

529.  What  was  the  name  of  Taylor's  war-horse? 

530.  What  became  of  the  pen  with  which  President  Polk 
signed  the  treaty  of  Guadaloupe  Hidalgo? 

531.  Who  were  the  "  Free  Soilers"? 

532.  What  presidents  have  been  inaugurated  on  March 
the  5th? 

533     What  president  had  not  voted  for  forty  years  when 
nominated  for  president? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  177 

534.  When  asked  to  name  his  politics,  what  did  General 
Taylor  reply  ? 

535.  What  did  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Preston  say  when 
he  went  aboard  the  Pennsylvania  at  Gosport  Navy  Yard  ? 

536.  What  was  Taylor's  first  and  last  surrender? 

537.  Who  were  the  "  Silver  Grays  "? 

538.  \Vho  were  the  "  Wooley  Heads"? 

539.  Who  were  the  "  Snuff-Takers  "  ? 

540.  What  is  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin " ? 

541.  Who  are  called  ' '  Jayhawkers  "  ? 

542.  Who  were  the  "Know-Nothings  "? 

543.  What  was  the  cry  of  the  Know-Nothing  party? 

544.  Who  was  "Old  Ossawattomie " ? 

545.  What  did  Lincoln  do  on  the  anniversary  of  Wash- 
ington's birthday  (1861)? 

546.  Who  fired  the  first  gun  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  ? 

547.  What  relation  was  Robert  E.  Lee  to  "  Light  Horse 
Harry  "  ? 

548.  Who  was  called  the  "Young  Napoleon"? 

549.  What  general  rode  into  battle  with  his  bridle  rein 
in  his  teeth  and  his  sword  in  his  hand? 

550.  What  became  of  Kearney  ? 

551.  Why  did  not  Lincoln  issue  the  Emancipation  Proc- 
lamation in  July,  1862?     (He  wrote  it  in  this  month). 

552.  Who  tried  to  turn  the  "Father  of  Waters"  around 
Vicksburg? 

553.  Whose  command  went  into  the  battle  at  Chancel- 
lorsville  singing,  "  Old  Joe  Hooker,  will  you  come  out  of  the 
wilderness  "  ? 

554.  Who  killed  Stonewall  Jackson  ? 

555.  What  Confederate  general  was  accustomed  to  prayer 
when  planning  a  battle? 

556.  What  Confederate  would  lie  on  his  back  and  read 
his  Bible  while  his  troops  were  getting  ready  for  battle? 


ITS  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

557.  Who  said,  when  informed  that  he  could  not  survive 
his  wounds,    "It  will  be  infinite  gain  to  be  translated   to 
heaven  "  ? 

558.  What  were  Jackson's  (Stonewall)  last  words? 

559.  While  the  battle  of    Gettysburg  was  in  progress, 
what  was  Grant  doing  at  Vicksburg? 

560.  What  was  the  "  Swamp  Angel  "? 

561.  Who    delivered   the   address   at    the   dedication  of 
Gettysburg  Cemetery  ? 

562.  What  did  Colonel  Moore  say  when  John  H.  Morgan 
asked  him  to  surrender  at  Tebb's  Bend,  on   Green  River, 
Kentucky  ? 

563.  What  did  Sedgwick  say  just  as  ho  was  struck  by  a 
minie-ball  ? 

564.  Who  said,  "  I  propose  to  fight  it  out  on  this  line  if 
it  takes  all  summer  "  ? 

565.  What  was  found  on  Gettysburg  battle-ground  two 
years  afterward? 

566.  What  was  the  premium  for  gold  in  Richmond  in 
1864? 

567.  What  became  of  the  assassination  conspirators? 

568.  Who  is  the  author  of  "  Swing  around  the  circle  "? 

569.  What  vice-president  elect  borrowed  "money  enough 
to  be  inaugurated  upon  "  ? 

570.  What  did  Ethan  Allen  believe  would  be  the  future 
state  of  the  soul? 

571.  What  places  have  been  the  capital  of  the  United 
States  since  1776? 

572.  From  what  government  did  we   purchase  Alaska? 
When  ?     What  was  the  price  ? 

573.  What  State  was  framed  from  the  territory  of  another 
State  ? 

574.  What  was  La  Fayette's  full  name? 

575.  Can  a   foreigner  become  president  of   the  United 
States  ? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  179 

576.  What  president  was  a  famous  wrestler? 

577.  Who  administers  the  oath  of  office  to  the  president- 
elect ? 

578.  What  trees  are  celebrated  in  our  history? 

579.  What  is  the  president's  salary? 

580.  Who  is  the  commander-in-chief  of  our  army? 

581.  What  is  the  president's  salary  per  day? 

582.  Who  received   Washington's  commission    when  he 
resigned? 

583.  Who  could  never  read  the  "Trade  Acts"  without  a 
curse? 

584.  Is  a  negro  a  colored  man? 

585.  Is  a  white  man  a  colored  man? 

586.  What  little  girl  two   years  of   age  exploded  "  Hell 
Gate"? 

587.  What  is  a  white  negro  called? 

588.  What  is  the  height   of   the   Lincoln    monument  at 
Springfield,  111.? 

589.  Where  is  Captain  Kidd's  punch  bowl? 

590.  What  is  the  number   of  United    States   senators   in 
Congress? 

591.  Where  is  Grant's  strong-box  of  the  United  States? 

592.  Who  administered  the  oath   of   office   to   Abraham 
Lincoln? 

593.  What  color  were  the  stamps  of  1765? 

594.  When  did  the  Puritan  Sabbath  begin? 

595.  Who   delivered  the   funeral    sermon    of    Abraham 
Lincoln? 

596.  When    was    the   great   seal   of   the    United    States 
adopted? 

597.  What  is  the  Blue  Hen  State? 

598.  What    did    Congress    vote  to    donate    General   La 
Fayette? 

599.  Who  is  the  governor  of  your  State? 


180  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

600.  Who  is  chief  justice  of  the  United  States? 

601.  What  secretary  of  state  was  stabbed  in  his  own  bed? 

602.  What  States  did  not  vote  for  president  in  1789?  Why? 

603.  Who   made   a   fortune   smuggling   tea  in    molasses 
hogsheads? 

604.  Is  the  vice-president   a  member   of   the    president's 
cabinet  ? 

605.  What  was  said  of  Monroe's  soul? 

606.  W^ho  were  the  mound-builders? 

607.  Who  is  said  to  have  been  the    first  child   born   of 
European  parents  in  this  country? 

608.  What  did  Columbus  call  the  Orinoco? 

609.  What  is  meant  by  Acadia? 

610.  What  is  meant  by  the  Albany  Regency? 

611.  Where  was  New  Albion? 

612.  What  is  meant  by  "  The  Almighty  Dollar  "? 

613.  What  is  the  Badger  State? 

614.  What  is  the  Bear  State? 

615.  What  gave  rise  to   Hopkinson's  mock-heroic  poem, 
"The  Battle  of  the  Kegs  "? 

616.  What  is  meant  by  the  Blue  Laws  of  Connecticut? 

617.  Why  is  the  "  Blue  Hen  State"  so  called? 

618.  Who  was  Sir  Jack  Bragg? 

619.  Who  led  the  towns-people  in  the  Boston  Massacre 
of  March  5,  1770? 

620.  How  did  the  name  Brother  Jonathan  originate? 

621.  What  is  the  Buckeye  State? 

622.  What  is  the  origin  of  the  phrase,   "All  for  Bun- 
combe"? 

623.  What  is  meant  by  John  Chinaman? 

624.  What  is  the  origin  of  Columbia? 

625.  What  is  the  Corn-Cracker  State? 

626.  Who  was  Ichabod  Crane? 

627.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  Dark  Day  "? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  181 

• 

628.  What  is  meant  by  Dixie? 

629.  Who  was  the  learned  blacksmith? 

630.  What  is  meant  by  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line? 

631.  Who  was  "Old  Bullion"? 

632.  Who  was  "Old  Public  Functionary"? 

633.  What  president  was  called  the  "Rail  Splitter"? 

634.  What  is  meant  by  "  He  has  gone  up  Salt  River  "? 

635.  Why  are  Illinoisans  called  Suckers? 

636.  What   is  the   origin   of    the   cant  phrase,    "  Uncle 
Sam"? 

637.  Who  was  known  as  the  "Wagoner  Boy  "? 

638.  What  is  meant  by  the  Western  Reserve? 

639.  Why   is  the   president's  house  called  the    "White 
House"? 

640.  Who  read  the  funeral  service   by   torch-light   over 
General  Braddock's  grave? 

641.  Who  was  the  first  settler  in  your  county?        Is    he 
living? 

642.  What  precious   burden  did  Thomas  Hooker's    com- 
pany carry  through  the  wilderness  of  Massachusetts  and  Con- 
necticut? 

643.  What  became  of  Wirz,  the  keeper  of  Andersonville 
prison? 

644.  What  State  prohibits  the  election  of  ministers  to  its 
general  assembly? 

645.  Who  were  Johnson's  vice-presidents? 

646.  What   is  a   congressman's   traveling    expenses   per 
mile  as  allowed  by  the  Acts  of  Congress? 

647.  Was  the  Southern  Confederacy  ever  acknowledged 
as  a  government  abroad? 

648.  What  presidents  were  not  inaugurated  March    4th? 

649.  Where  is  General  Custer  buried? 

650.  What  is  the  largest  vessel  in  the  world? 

651.  Who  was  the  author  of  the  "  Battle  Cry  of  Freedom  "? 


182  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

652.  What   was    done   with    the  body    of   John  Wilkes 
Booth? 

653.  Where  is   the  center  of    population  of   the   United 
States? 

654.  What  woman  was  hanged  on  Boston   Common  on 
account  of  her  religious  belief? 

655.  Who  patented  the  first  reaper? 

656.  Does  a   convict  in   the   penitentiary  still    draw   his 
pension  from  the  U.  S.  government? 

657.  What  became  of  Captain  Kidd? 

658.  Do  the  representatives  from  a  Territory  have  a  vote 
in  Congress? 

659.  Are  pensioners  exempt  from  poll-tax? 

660.  Does  the  president  and   his   cabinet   give  bond    on 
entering  upon  their  duties? 

661.  Which  president's  wife  suppressed  the  use  of  wines 
in  the  White  House? 

662.  How  is  the  District  of  Columbia  represented  in  Con- 
gress? 

663.  Who  were  the  members    of   the    Electoral  Commis- 
sion? 

664.  How  many  mints  are  there  in  the  United  States? 

665.  Who  was  the  "Dark  Horse"  president? 

666.  How  much  salary  did  President  Grant  draw? 

667.  From  whence  did  Lincoln  derive   his  power  for  de- 
claring the  slaves  free? 

668.  Who  introduced  the  Electoral  Commission  Bill? 

669.  Who  was  the  only  president  elected  by  a  Presiden- 
tial Commission? 

670.  Why  did  David  Davis,  of  Illinois,  resign  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Senate  one  day  before  his  term  expired? 

671.  What  vessel  first  circumnavigated  the  globe? 

672.  What  court  tried  and  condemned  Mrs.  Surratt? 

673.  When  a   captured    vessel    is  brought  into  port,    in 
what  position  is  her  flag  carried? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  183 

674.  What  president  did  not  draw  his  salary  until  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  of  office? 

675.  Who  was  the  wealthiest  president? 

676.  What  is  the  size  and  proportion  of  our  flag? 

677.  How  many  men   were  called  for  during   the    Great 
Rebellion? 

678.  What  became  of  the  great  Corliss  engine  used  to  run 
the  machinery  at  the  Centennial? 

679.  What  two  individuals  captured  Jefferson  Davis? 

680.  Did   the   soldiers    who    captured    Jefferson    Davis 
receive  the  reward  offered  for  his  capture? 

681.  Who  did  Andrew  Jackson  kill  in  a  duel? 

682.  What  became  of  Santa  Anna's  cork  leg  captured  at 
Cerro  Gordo? 

683.  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  cabalistic  numerals,  8 
to  7? 

684.  When  was  the  stars  and  bars  flag  adopted? 

685.  Did  any  of  the  Northern   States  ever  tolerate  slav- 
ery? 

686.  What  was  the  inscription  placed  on  the  stone  mark' 
ing  the  grave  of  the  victims  of  the  Mountain  Meadows  Mass- 
acre? 

687.  What  is  meant  by  "the  year  without  a  summer?" 

688.  What  noted  explorer  left  his  native  country  on  ac- 
count of  debt? 

689.  Who  were  the  Democratic  presidents? 

690.  What  population  must  a  Territory  have  before  it 
can  be  admitted  as  a  State? 

691.  Why  do  we  vote  for  electors  in  voting  for  our  pres- 
ident instead  of  voting  directly  for  this  officer? 

692.  May  a  president  be  re-elected  more  than  once? 

693.  What  officer  in  our  government  is  known    as    the 
"  cipher  officer"? 

694.  How  many  steps  in  the  staircase  of  the  Bunker  Hill 
Monument? 


184  UNITED    STATES    HI8TOBY. 

695.  What  is  a  revenue  cutter? 

696.  What  is  meant  by  a  copyright? 

697.  What  is  meant  by  the  Credit  Mobilier  of  America? 

698.  What  caused  the  duel  between  Aaron  Burr  and  Alex- 
ander Hamilton? 

699.  What  was  the  immediate  cause  of  Daniel  Webster's 
death? 

700.  What  became  of  the  wife  of  Benedict  Arnold   after 
his  flight  to  England? 

701.  What  vessel  laid  the  first  Atlantic  cable? 

702.  WThy  is  the  Western  Reserve  so  called? 

703.  Who  were  the  commanders  of  the  army  in  the  Black 
Hawk  War? 

704.  What  is  meant  by  a  Congressman-at-large? 

705.  Who  was  Petroleum  V.  Nasby? 

706.  Who  issued  the  first  National  Thanksgiving  Procla- 
mation? 

707.  If  the  president  and  vice-president  were  both  unable 
to  serve,  who  would  become  president? 

708.  How  was    the  $15,500,000  of  the  Geneva  Award 
transferred  to  the  United  States  Government? 

709.  If  the  fourth  of  March  falls  on  Sunday  of  the  year 
for  the  president's  inauguration,  why  not  have  the  ceremonies 
on  that  day? 

710.  What  is  meant  by  the  Associated  Press? 

711.  What  is  meant   by    the   Grand    Army    of  the  Re- 
public? 

712.  Must  cadets  graduating  from  West  Point  Military 
Academy  serve  a  certain  length  of  time  in  the  Regular  Army? 

713.  What  is  meant  by  murder  in  the  first  degree?  Sec- 
ond?    Third? 

714.  What  do  the  letters  "  C.  C.,"  "O."  and  «S."  signi- 
fy on  some  of  our  coins? 

715.  Who  shot  Col.  Ellsworth  at  Alexandria? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  185 

716.  When  were  the  first  Amendments  to  the  Constitu- 
tion ratified. 

717.  Was  Aaron  Burr    punished  for  killing  Alexander 
Hamilton? 

718.  What  is  a  "bureau"  in  our  government? 

719.  What  is  a  battery? 

720.  What  was  the  date  of  Black  Friday? 

721.  What  is  meant  by  the  meteoric  shower  of  1833? 

722.  When  was  our  present  National  Banking  System 
established  by  law? 

723.  How  can  a  man  get  a  half  vote  in  an  election? 

724.  Why  were  the  "  Barn-burners"  so-called9 

725.  What,   when,  and  where  was  the  first  secret  society 
ever  organized  in  the  United  States? 

726.  What  did  the  Powhatans  call  tobacco? 

727.  What  was  Lincoln's  disguise  when  he  went  through 
Baltimore  en  route  for  inauguration? 

728.  Did  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  ever  visit  America? 

729.  Which  State  has  the  greatest  number  of  peniten- 
tiaries? 

730.  Which  state  pays  the  greatest    amount  of  internal 
revenue? 

731.  When  did  the  heads  of  the  several  departments  be- 
come members  of  the  cabinet? 

732.  Who  designed  the  Monitor? 

733.  What  establishes  the  government  of  a  territory? 

734.  Does  a  Territory  have  a  Legislature? 

735.  What  are  the  successive  steps  in  changing  a  Terri- 
tory to  a  State? 

736.  What  is   meant  by  the   "blue  book"  of  the   U.  S. 
government? 

737.  What  is  the  "star-spangled  banner''? 

738.  Who  suggested  the  five-pointed  stars  found  on  our 
nag? 


186  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

739.  Why  should  Mrs.  Ross  make  the  first  flag? 

740.  What  does  the  great  seal  of  the  United  States  show? 

741.  Who  were  first  appointed  as  a  committee  to  devise 
a  great  seal  for  the  United  States? 

742.  Can  you  describe  the  great  seal  of  the  U.  S.  ? 

743.  How  many  military  academies  have  we? 

744.  Why  was  Magellan  lame? 

745.  When  and  where  was  the  old  Liberty  Bell  first  cast? 

746.  How  did  the  Americans  protect  the  Liberty  Bell 
during  the  occupation  of  Philadelphia  by  the  British? 

747.  Who  first  suggested  the  Centennial? 

748.  Who  introduced  the  resolution  which   led  to  the 
Centennial  celebration? 

749.  It  is  stated  that  Spaniards    introduced    the    horse 
after  the  discovery  of  America;  is  this  true? 

750.  Was  there  a  native  living  horse  on  the  continent  of 
America  when  it  was  discovered? 

751.  What  member  of  Congress  was   never  late  at   roll 
call? 

752.  Who  is  said  to  have  saved  the  Union  three  times? 

753.  What  ex-president  of  the  United  States  served  nine 
terms  in  Congress? 

754.  When  and  where  was  the  Bible  adopted  as  a  Con- 
stitution by  a  convention? 

755.  Why  has  Rhode  Island  two  capitals? 

756.  Which   one   of   the   United    States    contains    two 
mountains  of  iron? 

757.  What  is  the  difference  between  biography  and  his- 
tory? 

758.  Why  did  the  British  burn    the  city  of   Washington 
in  the  War  of  1812? 

759.  Why  was  not  Major  Andre  shot? 

760.  When  Lincoln  died,  how  long  were  we  without  a 
president? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  187 

761.  What    was     the    inscription    placed    on  Lincoln's 
wooden  coffin  at  Washington? 

762.  Who  took  Secretary  William    H.    Seward's    place 
while  he  was  recovering  from  his  wounds? 

763.  Who  were  the  pall-bearers  at  Lincoln's  funeral? 

764.  What  other  presidents  had  lain  in  death  where  Lin- 
coln rested  at  the  White  House? 

765.  Since  the  room  where  the  funeral  services  were  held 
would  seat  but  six  hundred  persons,  how  was  the  crowd  kept 
away? 

766.  Who  made  the  opening  prayer  at  Lincoln's  funeral? 

767.  What  was  the  amount  of  Jefferson  Davis's  bond,  and 
what  person  signed  it? 

768.  Will  John  Howard  Payne  have  a  monument? 

769.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  City  of  the  Dead  "  ? 

770.  How  many  horses  drew    the    hearse  at    Lincoln's 
funeral,  Washington  City? 

771.  Who  embalmed  Lincoln? 

772.  Who  was  standing  on  a  rock  in  deep  meditation  as 
the  funeral  car  of  Lincoln  passed  through  Lancaster? 

773.  Into  what  building  of  Philadelphia   was  Lincoln's 
body  carried? 

774.  How   many   horses   were  used   to  draw  the  funeral 
car  of  Lincoln  at  New  York  City? 

775.  What   inscription  did   the   ladies  of   Henry  Ward 
Beecher's  church  inscribe   upon  their  flag  used   at   Lincoln's 
funeral? 

776.  Who  wrote  the  "  Ode   for   the   Burial  of  Abraham 
Lincoln"  ? 

777.  What  was  placed   in  Lincoln's  coffin  at  New  York 
City? 

778.  Where  was  the  hearse  used  in  Lincoln's  funeral  at 
Springfield  obtained? 

779.  What  three  persons  who  left  Springfield  with  Presi- 
dent-elect Lincoln  returned  with  his  funeral  train? 


188  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

780.  What  animal  was  lead  at  the  rear  of  the  pall-bearers 
in  Lincoln's  funeral  procession  at  Springfield? 

781.  What  was   the   total   length   of   Lincoln's  funeral 
train? 

782.  What  State  has  the  honor  of  furnishing  the  design 
for  Lincoln's  monument? 

783.  What  is  the  origin  of  O.  K.  ? 

784.  What  was  the  inscription  on  the  stone  sent  to  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  by  the  citizens  of  Rome? 

785.  Where  was  this  stone  found? 

786.  Can  you  make  out  a  list   of   the  cabinet   officers  to- 
day? 

787.  Where    is    the   grandest   suspension    bridge   in  the 
world  ? 

788.  Was  the  United  States  ever  out  of  debt? 

789.  What  States  have  compulsory  educational  laws? 

790.  What  was  the  cost  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument? 

791.  What  became  of  "  Old  Abe,"  the  war  eagle? 

792.  What  presidents  were  Freemasons? 

793.  Who  was  Washington's  wife? 

794.  Who   nominated   Lincoln   as   a   candidate   for   the 
presidency? 

795.  Who  was  the  lost  child  of  America? 

796.  When  were  the  last  slaves  brought   to   the   United 
States? 

797.  Why  did  not  Robert  R.  Livingston  sign  the  draft  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence? 

798.  Who  was  Peter  Parley? 

799.  Who  was  the  "  Great  American  Commoner"? 

800.  Did   President  Hayes   take  the   oath   of    office    on 
Sunday? 

801.  It  is  said  that  John  Paul  Jones  sailed  for  the  Texel 
when  he  gained  a  remarkable  victory  over  the  English  vessel 
near  the  coast  of  England.     What    and  where  is  the  Texel? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  189 

802.  Who  were  Grant's  Secretaries  of  State? 

803.  Why  are  criminals  hanged  on  Friday? 

804.  Who  is  the  author  of  "Curfew  must  not  ring  to- 
night"? 

805.  Who  was  "Josh  Billings"? 

806.  Who  invented  the  stove  first  used  in  America? 

807.  Who  was  the  boy  that  climbed  to  the  highest  point 
of  the  natural  bridge  in  Virginia? 

808.  In  which  one  of  the  United  States   are  the  counties 
called  parishes? 

809.  What  poet's  wife  was  burned   to  death   in  her   own 
home? 

810.  Upon  what  was  Stonewall  Jackson   lying  when  he 
expired? 

811.  What  president  took  the  oath  of  office  twice  within 
two  days? 

812.  Who  said,  "This  is  a  country  and  not  a  league  "? 

813.  Who  said,  "He   serves   his  party  best  who  serves 
his  country  best"? 

814.  Who  said,  "We  are  one  nation  to-day  and  thirteen 
to-morrow"? 

815.  Who  were  called  the  Johnnies  during  the  great  Re- 
bellion? 

816.  Who  was  the  "  Sage  of  Mentor  "? 

817.  What  were  Arnold's  last  intelligent  words? 

818.  What  presidents  were  senators? 

819.  What   presidents   had   served   as    generals    in    the 
army? 

820.  Who  was  the  first  president   to  grow  a  beard   while 
in  office? 

821.  What  was  the  religious  sentiment  of  the  presidents? 

822.  What  presidents  were  reared  in  poverty? 

823.  What  portraits  are  found  on  our  postage  stamps? 

824.  Where    was   the   song    "John  Brown's   body    lies 
moldering  in  the  grave  "  first  sung? 


190  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

825.  When   was  the   postage   stamp    first   used   in   the 
United  States? 

826.  Which  one  of  the  early  explorers  taught  school  at 
Dne  time? 

827.  The  wives  of  what  ex-presidents  are  now  drawing 
pensions? 

828.  What  is  meant  by  the  "president's  flag"? 

829.  What  was  Washington's  weight? 

830.  What  president  is  buried  in  the  folds  of  the  Ameri- 
can flag? 

831.  Who  wrote  the  "Old  Oaken  Bucket"? 

832.  What  was  the  Indian  name  for  Connecticut? 

833.  What  are  the  inscriptions   on  the  Yorktown  monu- 
ment? 

834.  What  did  Guiteau  say  when  he  shot  Garfield? 

835.  What  is  meant  by  the  Oneida  Community? 

836.  What  chapter  of  the  Bible  did   Garfield  kiss  wher 
inaugurated? 

837.  Who  may  perform  the  marriage  ceremony? 

838.  Who  was  the  first  woman    cremated  in  the  United 
States. 

839.  Did  Gen.  Robert  E.   Lee   surrender  his    sword   to 
Gen.  Grant. 

840.  Why  did  Hayes  take  the  oath  of  office  twice? 

841.  Who  was  the  oldest  elected  president? 

842.  What  caused  James   A.  Garfield  to  abandon  work 
as  a  canal  hand? 

843.  What   president   once   held   an   interest   in   a  dis- 
tillery? 

844.  Which  president  served  as  a  janitor  as  part  pay  for 
his  tuition  in  college? 

845.  Who  said,  "  Give  'em  hail  Columbia,  boys!"? 

846.  Can  you  give  a  key  to  the  names  of   the  presidents 
in  order? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  191 

847.  How  many  and  what  chief -justices  have  we  had? 

848.  How  is  the  pay  of  generals  in    the   United   States 
army  regulated? 

849.  How  are  generals  in  the  army  retired? 

850.  Does  a  commissioned   army  officer   receive   mileage 
for  travel  under  orders? 

851.  What  is  the  pay  of  a  private  in  the  army? 

852.  Does   a   private   ever   receive   more    than   thirteen 
dollars  per  month? 

853.  Who  have  been  generals  of  the  army  of  the  United 
States? 

854.  Who  is  general  now? 

855.  Who  introduced  James  A.  Garfield  when  he  took 
the  oath  of  office? 

856.  Who  was  the  first  mother  of  a  president  to  reside  at 
the  White  House. 

857.  Does  a  president-elect  take  the  oath  of  office  before 
or  after  reading  his  inaugural  address? 

858.  How   many   and   what  navy  yards   in   the  United 
States? 

859.  Where  is  the  United  States  Naval  Academy? 

860.  How  many  generals  may  we  have  in  our  armies? 

861.  How  many  lieutenant-generals? 

862.  How  many  and  what  major-generals  have  we? 

863.  How  many  brigadier-generals? 

864.  What  is  meant  by  a  popular  vote? 

865.  How  do  you  determine  the  year   in  which  a  given 
Congress  was  in  session? 

866.  How  is  the  number  of  a  Congress  determined? 

867.  What  was  the  effect  of   the  invention  of   the  cotton 
gin? 

868.  Who  was  the  youngest  president  inaugurated? 

869.  What  is  the  orgin  of  the  postoffice? 

870.  Who  administered  the  oath  of  office  to  President 
Cleveland  at  his  second  inaugural? 


192  UIC1TKD    STATES    HISTORY. 

871.  What  is  the  largest  printing-office  in  the  world? 

872.  What  Bible  was   used  at  Cleveland's    inauguration? 

873.  When  and  where  was  the  first  post  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
organized? 

874.  What  did  the  United  States  pay  to    the  families  of 
the  Italians  lynched  at  New  Orleans  in  1892? 

875.  When   an   alien   woman   marries   a   citizen    of   the 
United  States,  does  she  still  remain  an  alien? 

876.  What  is  the  fastest  trotting  time  on  record? 

877.  When  was  the  first  commercial  dynamo  made? 

878.  Who  wrote  ''Dixie"? 

879.  From  what  cause  was  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence made  indistinct? 

880.  What  events  are  noticeable   as  having  occurred  on 
Friday? 

881.  How  was  Washington  notified  of  his  election  to  the 
office  of  president  in  1789? 

882.  Does  a  man  lose  his  vote  by  residing  in  the  District 
of  Columbia? 

883.  What  is  meant  by  "  the  gentleman  at  the  other  end 
of  the  avenue"? 

884.  What  fixes  the  date  of  the  presidential  elections? 

885.  What  changes  in   location  has  the  center  of  popu- 
lation undergone  since  1790? 

886.  Who  is  author  of  our  National  Hymn,  "America"? 

887.  What  is  meant  by  the  telautograph? 

888.  What  became  of    "Old   Put's"  gun  with  which  he 
shot  the  wolf? 

889.  What  is  the  finest  building  west  of   the  Mississippi 
River? 

890.  How  did    Cleveland   open  the    Columbian  Fair   in 
1893? 

891.  What  substitute  have  we  for  the  Liberty  Bell? 

892.  Where  do  the  dead  presidents  lie? 


QUEER    QUERIES.  193 

893.  What   interesting   relics  of   Columbus  were  on   ex- 
hibition at  the  Columbian  Fair? 

894.  What  was  the  origin  and  date  of  the  first  observance 
of  Decoration  Day? 

895.  How  was    "Old    Glory"    received   by    the   English 
when  it  first  entered  the  harbor  of  Downs? 

896.  What  was  found  on  the  scene  of    "  Braddock's  De- 
feat "  eighty  years  afterward? 

897.  How  long  after  the  treaty  of  Paris   before  England 
sent  a  minister  to  the  United  States? 

898.  What   was   Lincoln's    patented    device  for    lifting 
boats  over  the  shoals? 

899.  What  is  meant  by  the  Salvation  Army? 

900.  From  what  was  the  Jackson   equestrian  statue   cast? 
(Located  in  Jackson  Park,  Washington.) 

901.  What  did   Columbus  advocate  with    respect   to  the 
Caribs? 

902.  Who  said,  "  We'll  lick  them  out  of  their  boots"? 

903.  When  and  where  were  the  first  important  beet  sugar 
factories  started  in  the  United  States? 

904.  Who  invented  the  sleeping  car? 

905.  Do  we  have  swarms   of  locusts  in  America  as  they 
once  had  in  Egypt? 

906.  What  was  meant  by  the  "  Freedman's  Bureau"? 

907.  When  and  where  was   the    last  battle   of   the  Civil 
War? 

908.  Did  General  Winfield  Scott  live  to  see  the  close  of 
the  war? 

909.  Who  was   the   first   titled   General   of   the   United 
States  Army? 

910.  What  became  of   Captain   Raphael  Semmes,   com- 
mander of  the  Confederate  Cruiser,  "  Alabama  "? 

911.  When   we   purchased  Alaska,  what  became  of  the 
Greek  churches? 


194  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

912.  Is  it  possible  to  cross  the  ocean  on  a  raft? 

913.  Who  was  known  as  the  "  Grand  Wizard  of  the  Em- 
pire"? 

914.  Who  was  Kit  Carson? 

915.  What  is  meant  by  an  "  Anvil  Chorus  "? 

916.  Do  we  have   telegraphic  connection  by  means  of   a 
cable  with  France? 

917.  When  was  the  fire-extinguisher  first  brought  into 
practical  use? 

918.  Who  was  the  first  colored  U.  S.  Senator? 

919.  Who   is    justly    styled    the    "  pioneer   educational 
woman  "  of  America? 

920.  What  caused  Columbus  to  sail  in  the  direction  of 
the  West  Indies,  after  starting  directly  westward  on  his  first 
voyage? 

921.  What  was  the  "  Walker  Tariff  "  so  frequently  men- 
tioned by  politicians? 

922.  How  many  new  States  were  admitted  under  Harri- 
son's Administration? 

923.  How  many  stars  in  the  flag  of  the  United  States? 

924.  What  did  the  McKinley  Act  authorize? 

925.  What  is  meant  by  a  "  Landslide  "? 

926.  What  is  the  largest  gun  made  in  the  United  States? 
(July,  1895.) 

927.  What  is  meant  by  the  "  Pullman  Strike"? 

928.  What  is  meant  by  the  "Commonwealers"? 

929.  Who    is   now   the   Vice-President   of    the    United 
States? 

930.  What  is  "Jingoism"? 

931.  Who  has  been  termed  the  "  Back-bone  President  "? 

932.  Who   said,     "The   administration    should  be   con- 
ducted behind  glass  doors  "? 

933.  Who  said,  "All  we  ask  is  to  be  let  rlone"? 

934.  What  is  meant  by  the  demonetization  of  silver? 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  195 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES. 


The  numbers  correspond  to  the  number  of  the  question 
in  the  text. 

In  most  cases  the  teacher  should  not  be  content  with  the 
mere  answer  to  a  query,  but  should  read  the  history  in  its 
proper  connection  in  order  to  have  a  full  understanding  of  all 
its  connections.  Many  of  the  queries  are  framed  with  this 
idea  in  view,  viz. :  that  the  pupil  and  teacher  will  read  for 
themselves",  and  thus  secure  a  greater  fund  of  information 
than  a  mere  answer  would  convey. 

It  is  a  good  plan  to  attempt  to  find  the  answer  to  each 
question  before  looking  for  it  in  this  book.  If  you  are  able 
to  find  it,  the  very  search  will  more  than  repay  you,  in  the 
information  noted  as  well  as  to  become  familiar  with  your 
author. 

Try  this  plan. 

1.  He   purchased  a  mule  and  a  suit  of  clothes  with  it. 
The  mule  was  needed  to  ride  to  court,  and   the  clothes  to  be 
able  to  appear  in  court. 

2.  He  visited  Portugal,  Italy  and  Spain. 

3.  He  secretly  sent  out  a  ship  to  make  discoveries. 

4.  In  the  Garden  of  Eden. 

5.  Four  times.     At  Havana,  Cuba. 

6.  He  built  a  fort  at  Isabella,  Hayti. 

7.  Two  wild  turkeys,  the  first  ever  seen  in  England. 

8.  It  was  called  America  in  honor  of  Americus  Vespucius, 
who  first  wrote  of  it.     This  was  not  the  fault  of   Americus 
but  rather  of  a  German  geographer  who  so  named  it. 

9.  Waldsee  Muler. 

10.  Rodrigro  Triana,  from  the  stern  of  the  vessel. 

11.  Florida  was  so  called  from  its  florid  appearance.     Be 


196  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

cause  it  appeared  to  the  South.  Because  it  was  free  from 
storms.  From  a  character  in  an  old  Spanish  romance.  In 
honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  Virgin  Queen. 

12.  A   fabled   fountain   of  youth.     No,  because  such    a 
fountain  never  existed. 

13.  To  escape  the  tyranny  of   his  king. 

14.  In  order  to  retaliate. 

15.  To  take  possession  of   it. 

16.  De  Soto. 

17.  At  Havana.   In  order  that  the  Indians  might  not  find 
the  body.     At  the  root  of  a  tree  but  finally  in  the  Mississippi 
River. 

18.  He  was  killed  by  the  natives  of   Mactan,  one  of   the 
Philippine   Islands,    April   27,    1521.     Drake   died   off   the 
coast  of  Columbia,  near  Porto  Bello  (Puerto  Bello,  Puerto 
Velo),  December  27,  1595,  and  was  buried  at  sea.     Gosnold 
died  at  Jamestown,    Va. ,  in   1607,  and  was  buried  at  that 
place. 

19.  See  any  good  history  for  this.     Space  will  not  admit 
of   even  mention  of   these  numerous  objects.     Did  you  ever 
see  one?     Do  you  know  of  the  opening  of   one?     What  was 
found  in  it? 

20.  It  should  have  been  named  for  Columbus,  Columbia. 
Because  he  discovered  it. 

21.  It  wras  a  rude  instrument  for  making  reckonings  at 
sea.     Now  disused. 

22.  He  knelt,  kissed  the  ground  and  returned  thanks  to 
God  for  his  safe  delivery. 

23.  They  thought  they  were  great  birds  floating  on  the 
water.     (Another   version   says    they    supposed    they    were 
winged  angels.) 

24.  Henry  Hudson.     (One  account  says  six  companions.) 

25.  The  chicken  is  a  native  of  Asia.     The  turkey  is   a 
native  of   America.     The  horse  is  a  native  of  Arabia.     The 
sheep  is  a  native  of  Asia. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  197 

26.  He  believed  it  to  be  the  land  of  Ophir. 

27.  The  oppossum  is  the  only  marsupial  (having  a  pouch 
for  carrying  the  young)  of  America. 

28.  Samuel  Champlain  lies  under  a  stairway  in  a  street  ol 
Quebec. 

29.  De  Soto  is  buried  in  the  Mississippi. 

30.  St.  Augustine,  founded  in  1565,  is  the  oldest  town  in 
the  U.  S. 

31.  They  planted  gunpowder  as  they  had  planted  tobacco- 
seed,  and  waited  for   it  to  appear  in  the  shape  of  a  plant. 
Why  did  it  not  grow? 

32.  Authorities    differ.     The    number    usually   given    is 
twenty. 

33.  Women  were  never  sold  in  Virginia.     The  historical 
facts  are  simply  these:    When  Sandys  sent  over  the  first  load 
of  women  he  charged  the  colonists  for  the  price  of  passage  as 
the  company  was  almost  bankrupt.    An  assessment  was  made 
and  the  rate   of   passage   fixed  at   one   hundred   and  twenty 
pounds  of  tobacco.     This  was  paid  by  the  colony.     Many 
marriages  followed   this   and  were   celebrated   in   the  usual 
manner.     The  cost  of   the  second  shipload  was  estimated  at 
one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  tobacco,  and  was   cheerfully 
paid. 

34.  On  one  occasion  he  tied  his  Indian  guide  to  his  left 
arm  as  a  shield. 

35.  It  is  now  believed  not  true. 

36.  He  tapped  the  end  containing  the  vacant  space  lightly 
on   the   table,  slightly  breaking  the   shell;  of  course  it  was 
made  to  stand  before  the  court  of  wise  men.     (See  any  good 
history  for  this  story.) 

37.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  was  beheaded  at  Old  Palace  Yard, 
Westminster,  October,  1618. 

38.  A  small  portion  of  a  wall  is  still  visible,  showing  a 
part  of  the  opening  for  a  door- way  of  some  building. 

39.  Sir  Francis  Drake. 


198  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

40.  A  term  used  in  the  current  politics  of   that  State  to 
designate  a  certain  party.   (See  current  history.) 

41.  One  hundred   and  two   settlers   took  passage  in   the 
Mayflower.     John  Carver  was  its  first  governor. 

42.  Old  Giles  Cory  was  placed  between  two  platforms  of 
logs,  and  weights  were  piled  upon   the  upper   one   till   he 
was  literally  pressed  to  death. 

43.  Roger    Williams  was   banished   from  Massachusetts 
Bay  Colony,  fled  to  the  Narragansett  Indians  for  protection 
from  cold  and  hunger  and  founded   the   Baptist   Church   of 
America  at  a  later  period. 

44.  Boston  is  called  the  Hub  of  the  Universe. 

45.  Harvard   College,  founded   in   1638,   at  Cambridge, 
Mass.     It  was  named  in  honor  of  John  Harvard,  who  willed 
it  his  library  and  five  thousand  dollars  in  money.     Its  motto 
was,  "For  Christ  and  the  Church" 

46.  The  first  printing  press  was  set  up  at  Cambridge  in 
1639.     The  first  printing  done  in  the  country  was  the  Free- 
man's Oath.     The  second  was  an  almanac  intended  for  New 
England.     The    third   was   a  New  England  hymn-book  of 
three  hundred  pages,    consisting    of   a    poetical  translation 
of  the  Psalms.     The    first   newspaper  was   called  the  Bos- 
ton   News    Letter    and    was    published    in     1*704.       John 
Campbell  had  the  honor  of  being  the  first  American  editor. 

47.  It  was  placed  on  a  pole  and  stood  at  the  gates  of  Ply- 
mouth for  several  years.   His  little  son  was  sold  into  slavery, 
taken  to  the  Bermudas,  where  he  was  whipped  to  death. 

48.  Rev.  John   Elliot,  of  Massachusetts,  was   called  the 
Indian  Apostle.     He  wrote   the  first   Bible  ever  printed  in 
America.     It  was  written  in  the  Algonquin   language   and  is 
now  a  literary  curiosity  as  the  language  is  out  of  use. 

49.  They  said   they  needed   the   smoke   for   the   sake  of 
health.     A     "  cat-in-clay "    chimney  is   one   built   of    clay 
(mortar)  and  sticks. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  199 

50.  Anne  Hutchinson  was  burned  to  death  in  a  log  cabin. 
Indians  attacked  and  burned  the  house  in  which   she  lived. 
William  Drummond  was  hanged  in  Virginia. 

51.  The   distinct  outline   of   his   body  composed   of   the 
fibrous  roots  of  an  apple-tree  standing  near. 

52.  The  Spaniards  brought  the  first  horses  to  America. 

53.  Some  specimens  of  rude  wood  carving  indicating  the 
workmanship  of  an  unknown  people. 

54.  Massachusetts  had  a  few  laws  on  this  subject. 

55.  It   is   not   known   to   a   certainty  how  America   was 
peopled.     There  are  many  theories.     (See  your  histories.) 

56.  The  Norsemen  were  called  the  Sea  Kings  of  history. 

57.  The   Norsemen   are   supposed  to   have  built  this  old 
tower  but  there  are  reasons  for  supposing  that  some  other 
people  built  it.     (See    engraving   in   most   histories  for  de- 
scription. ) 

58.  She  was  an  exhorter  or  preacher  with  many  followers, 
and  was  burned  to  death  in  her  house. 

59.  He  hanged  them. 

60.  Sheets  of  water,  such  as  springs  and  pools. 

61.  Uncas,  a   Mohegan    chief,    cruelly   tomahawked   the 
aged  Miantonomo,  who  had  been  taken  prisoner,  then  cruelly 
cut  a  portion  of  the    quivering   flesh  from   his   shoulder  and 
ate  it,  saying  it  was  the  sweetest  morsel  he  had  tasted. 

62.  On  Wednesday. 

63.  It  was  so  called  from  a  character  in  an  old    Spanish 
romance. 

64.  Harvard. 

65.  Canonicus    sent   a  rattlesnake  skin  and   a   bundle  of 
arrows.     Gov.  Bradford  returned  the  skin  filled  with  powder 
and  ball. 

66.  This  question  is  answered  by  science  and  is  found  by 
studying  the  growth  of  plant  life  and  the  decay  of  animals. 
The  root  which  penetrated  the  coifin  took   up  much  nourish- 


200  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

ment  from  the  contents  and  carried   it  to  every  part   of  the 
tree,  even  to  the  fruit  which  it  bore. 

67.  An  Indian  god. 

68.  Captain  John  Smith  in  his  account  of  it. 

69.  King  Philip. 

70.  The  regicide  Goffe.     From  the  Indians  who    in  pro- 
nouncing the  word  English  very  nearly  said  Yankees. 

71.  Peter  Stuyvesant  had  a  wooden  leg. 

72.  His  only  guide  was  the  compass. 

73.  About  $24  in  value  of  the  money  used. 

74.  It  is  so  called  from  the  fact  that  in  the  early  days  of 
New  Amsterdam  the  settlers  built  a  wall  at  a  certain  locality 
for  defense  against  the  Indians.     Wall  street  occupies  nearly 
the  same  place  as  this. 

75.  Miles  Standish  bore  that  title. 

76.  The  governor  of  Virginia,  Berkeley,  in  1671. * 

77.  He  was   informed  that  Royal  troops  were  marching 
upon  him  and  he  fired    it    in    order  to    prevent  their   taking 
charge  of  it. 

78.  They  were  sold  as  slaves  in  the  different  countries. 

79.  Captain  Mason  in  the  Pequod  fight. 

80.  Captain  Wadsworth,  of  Charter-Oak  fame. 

81.  In  the  Garden  of  Eden. 

82.  He  shouldered  a  hoe  and  carried  it  from  Long  Island 
to  Elizabeth,   the   place   settled.     This  was   to   remind   the 
people  that  they  were  to  live  by  agriculture. 

83.  He  constructed  a  fort  at  Isabella,  Hayti  Island. 

84.  Balboa. 

85.  The  tobacco  plant. 

86.  The  governor  of  New  York. 

87.  Berkeley. 

88.  Robert  Barclay,  one   of   the   most   eminent   Quaker 
preachers,  was  at  one  time  governor  of  New  Jersey,  1682. 

89.  The   Charter  Oak   stood   at   Hartford,   Conn.     Thia 
tree  was  blown  down  in  August,  1856. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  201 

90.  The  flag  which  Columbus  bore  was  a  white  one  con- 
taining a  green  cross.     The  Plymouth   Rock,  which   marks 
the  landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

91.  William  Penn  was  so  called  from  his    influence   with 
King  Charles  II. 

92.  Philadelphia  is  called  the  "  City  of  Brotherly  Love." 
Locate  it. 

93.  The  society  of  the  Quakers  is  so  called. 

94.  Neither  of  these  three  States  ever  became  Royal  Prov- 
inces. 

95.  About  one-third  of  a  cent  per  acre. 

96.  Virginia  is  called  the  Old  Dominion.     Pennsylvania, 
the   Keystone   State.   Why?    New  York,  the  Empire  State. 
Why? 

97.  This   famous  tree  was  blown  down  in  1810,  and  on 
counting  the  "  rings"  it  was  found   to   be  two  hundred   and 
eighty-three  years  old.     To  determine   the  age  of  an  exoge- 
nous  (outside-growing)   tree   it  is  necessary  to  have  a  cross 
section   of   it  and  then  simply  count  the  successive  growths. 
Let  some  one  in  the  class  furnish  specimens  of  growths   from 
the  woodpile,  grove  or  farm.     Try  it. 

98.  The  governor  of  Pennsylvania  also  ruled  Delaware  for 
a  time.     Delaware  was  then  known  as  the   Lower  Counties. 

99.  The  people  of  a  State  comprise  the  commonwealth  of 
the  State. 

100.  One   hundred   and    thirty  thousand  pounds  sterling. 

101.  He  agreed  to  pay  the  King  a   yearly  rental   of  two 
Indian  arrows,  and  one  fifth  of  all  the  gold  he  should  find. 

102.  On  account  of  his  religious  belief  he  could  not   take 
the  oath  required  of  him  by  the  Virginians. 

103.  It  was  so  called  from  the  Queen's   name,    Henrietta 
Maria.     Maria,  Mary-land. 

104.  In  the  London  Company's  charter. 

105.  Ask  your  parents  and  neighbors. 


202  UXITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

106.  The  Calumet.     Where   is   the  accent  in  this  word? 
What  is  accent? 

107.  See  MOTTOES  OF  STATES  for  the  motto  of  your  State. 
Inquire  of  your  friends  for  the  governor's  name. 

108.  A  log  fashioned  like  a  cannon  and  painted  to  repre- 
sent one. 

109.  See  the  constitution  for  this  answer. 

110.  See  the  constitution. 

111.  The  plan  of  government  drawn   by   the   celebrated 
Lawyer  Locke.     This  was  a  very  perfect  ideal  plan  but   not 
practicable    in   a   wilderness    such  as  this  colony  was  at  that 
time. 

112.  The  Tuscaroras,  in  North  Carolina. 

113.  Literally,   « 'One  of  many." 

114.  No.   His  secretary  does  this 

115.  Yes. 

116.  The  Cape  Fear  River  was  first  called  the  Jordan. 

117.  The  colony  of  Roanoke. 

118.  Shell  fish  and  roots. 

119.  Governor  Sloughter,  of  New  York,  signed  the  death 
warrant  for  the  execution  of  Leisler  while  he  was  intoxicated. 

120.  A  stairway  is  built  over  the  grave  of   Champlain   in 
Quebec. 

121.  Buffaloes  were  found  in  Georgia  when   it  was   first 
settled.     No  wild  buffaloes  are  found  there  now.     They  have 
"gone  West." 

122.  He  bribed  a  prisoner  to  carry  a  letter  to  the  Spanish 
camp  giving  details  of  his  strength.     This  caused  a  hasty  re- 
treat from  his  colony. 

123.  The  introduction  of  ardent  spirits  and  slavery.      Ex- 
plain how  this  could  be. 

124.  Usually  from  the  coast  of  Africa. 

125.  They  all  had,  more  or  less,  slaves  at  different  times. 

126.  Make  your  choice  and  give  reason. 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  203 

127.  After  the  plans  of  James  B.  Eads,  a  noted  civil  en- 
gineer. 

128.  Thei*e    is    a    star    for    each    State   admitted  into  the 
Union. 

129.  We  used  the  English  flag,  or  that  of  the    nation    by 
which  we  were  governed. 

130.  No.   It  has  a  territorial  government  at  present. 

131.  New  Haven  Colony. 

132.  The  Indians  came  in  snow-shoes  over  the  deep  snow. 

133.  The  transportation  of  the    innocent    French   by   the 
English  from  Acadia. 

134.  On  the   discoveries    made   by    John   and  Sebastian 
Cabot. 

135.  The   food    commonly    known    as   mush.     How  is  it 
made?    Did  you  ever  eat  any  ' '  New  England  hasty  pudding?" 

136.  The  early  laws  were  so  called.   They  were  oppressive 
in  some  cases  and  thus  considered  ' '  blue. "     Another  version 
has  it  that  they  were  so  called  from  the  fact  that   they   were 
printed  on  blue  paper. 

137.  With  a   long  rod  containing  a  rabbit's  ears  on  the 
end.     This  was  used  "  for  tickling  those   who    slept   during 
the  three-hour  sermons."     Imagine  a  church  sleeper  awakened 
at  the  present  time  by  holding  a  rabbit's  ears  to  his   nose   or 
ears! 

138.  It  was  traded  for    them.      Thus   it  will  be  noticed 
that  one  evil  was  exchanged  for  another. 

139.  Eliot's  Indian  Bible. 

140.  The  staid  old  Hollanders  of  New  York. 

141.  Wolfe  was  a  great  admirer  of  "  Gray's  Elegy,"  and 
historians  say   that   he   recited    a  few  stanzas  from  it  as  he 
crossed  the  St.  Lawrence. 

142.  Captain  John  Hull,  of  Massachusetts. 

143.  Roger   Williams   was   the   first   person  of  any  note 
who  strenuously  advocated  freedom  of  worship  in  the  colonies. 

144.  On  Saturday. 


204  UNITED    STATUS    HISTORY. 

145.  There   were  different  penalties,  and  their  severity 
varied  with  the  persecution  of  this  sect.     They  were  some- 
times banished  from  the  colony  with  a  slight  penalty  for   re- 
turning; at  one  time  the  penalty  was  death.     One  penalty  re- 
corded was  to  have  their  ears  bored  and  tongue  split. 

146.  Columbus  lived  the  longer  of  the  two. 

147.  Hudson's  vessel  was  called  the  "  Half  Moon." 

148.  He  was  given  his  hands  for  the  deed. 

149.  See   appendix   or  ask   some   one   versed    in  United 
States  history. 

150.  Washington   City,    being   within    the    District   of 
Columbia,  does  not  cast  a  single  vote  for  president. 

151.  Warrants  empowering  the  officers  to  enter  a  store  or 
house  and  search  for  goods   upon  which   the   duty   had    not 
been  paid  were  called  "  Writs  of  Assistance." 

152.  Three  hundred  and  forty  chests  of  tea  were  staved 
in  and  thrown  overboard. 

153.  Benjamin  Franklin  is  author  of  this  saying. 

154.  They  were  printed  on  a  blue  ground. 

155.  The  first  bloodshed  was  at  New  York.     Turn  to  the 
two  accounts  and  compare  dates. 

156.  The  tea  was  put  down  in  price  in  order  to    make    it 
cheaper  to  the  Americans  than  to  the  British.     They   would 
not  use  it  because  they  were  contending  for  principle. 

157.  Read   the   account   and  form  your  own  conclusion. 
We  can  only  infer  what  he  meant. 

158.  They  substituted  the  leaves  of  the  raspberry  (Rubus 
strigosus)  and  called  the  tea  Hyperion. 

159.  In  the  French  and  Indian  War  the   contending   par- 
ties fought  for  two  years  before  war  was  declared. 

160.  Men  who  were  ready  to  take  up  arms  and  go  to   bat- 
tle on  a  minute's  warning. 

161.  The   soldiers  from  Vermont  were  called  the  "Green 
Mountain  Boys." 

162.  Benjamin  Franklin. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  205 

163.  General  Israel   Putnam,   born   at   Danvers,    then   a 
part  of  Salem,  Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1718;  died  in  Brooklyn,  Conn., 
May  19,  1790.     He  is  the  "  Old  Put"  who  shot  the   wolf  by 
the  light  of  her  own  eyes ;  he  was  plowing  and  left  the   team 
in  the  furrow  when  he  heard  of  the  battle  of   Lexington;    he 
snatched  a  burning  brand  from  the  face  of  a  keg   of   powder 
at  Fort  Edward.     At  Fort  Miller  to  avoid  the  Indians  he  de- 
scended  the   falls    of  the  Hudson  in  a  bateau.     He  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Indians  on  his  return  to  Fort  Edward,    tied   to 
the  stake,  and  would  have  been  burned  alive  had  he  not  been 
saved  by   the   French  commander,   Molong.      ' '  He  dared  to 
lead  where  any  dared  to  follow,"  is  the  inscription  on  his 
tombstone. 

164.  General  La  Fayette. 

165.  He  wore  a  tow-linen  shirt  and  kept  this  on  until  it 
was  worn  to  shreds.     He  had  none  other  to  wear. 

166.  Over  one  hundred  years. 

167.  This  vessel  lost  her  rudder  shortly  after  starting  on 
her  voyage.     It  is  also  stated  that  she  sprung  a  leak. 

168.  It  was  blown  down  in  a  storm  of  August,  1856. 

169.  A   hollowed   rock   on  northern  Long  Island  is  so 
called. 

170.  Washington  is  called  the  "  Father  of  his  Country." 

171.  No.     It  did  not  convene  for  about  seven  hours  after 
the  attack. 

172.  An  American  patriot  born  at  Boston,  January  1, 
1735;  died  there  May  10,  1818.     At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  one  of  four  engravers  then  living  within 
the  boundaries  of  the  United  States.     See  some  cyclopedia 
for  a  full  sketch  of  this  illustrious  man. 

173.  The  Dutch  of  New  Netherlands. 

174.  It  was  a  wooden  horse  with  a  sharp  back  upon  whicb 
offenders  were  strapped  for  petty  violations  of  the  town  laws. 
These  horses  with  their  uncomfortable  riders  were  placed  in 


206  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

a  common  cart  and  driven  through  the  principal  streets.  A 
woman  named  Mary  Price  was  the  first  offender  to  ride  this 
horse,  and  ever  afterward  it  was  called  "the  horse  of  Mary 
Price." 

175.  They  named  it  New  Orange  in  1673. 

176.  Ten  pounds  of    tobacco,   a  bushel  of   corn  (from 
every  male  over  sixteen),  every  twentieth  calf,  pig  and  kid 
in  the  parish  was  his  due. 

177.  In  early  days  the  settler  took  his  ax  and  barked  the 
trees  around  the  acres  of  land  which  he  expected  to  claim  as 
his  own.     This  was  called  a  "  tomahawk  right." 

178.  They  stretched  a  deer-skin  over  a  hoop  and  pierced 
it  with  a  hot  iron.     When  filled  with  small  holes  it  was  said 
to  make  a  very  good  sieve. 

179.  "  Come,  Joe,  carry  me  to  bed,  for  it  is  high  time 
for  me  to  die!  "     He  did  not  survive  long.     He  owned  two 
million  five  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  acres  of  land,  which 
was  confiscated  by  the  United  States  government. 

180.  That  his  whole  army  be  furnished  a  free  passage  to 
England,  and  that  no  man  in  the  army  take  up  arms  against 
the  Americans  during  the  war.     The  terms  of  the  treaty  were 
not  carried  out. 

181.  Washington  was  never  wounded  in  battle.     He  had 
bullet  holes  through  his  clothes  on  certain  occasions,  horses 
shot  from  under  him,  etc. ,  but  was  never  harmed  in  battle. 

182.  He  was  teaching  school  and  boarding  with  the  widow 
of  Nathaniel  Greene. 

183.  Benjamin  Franklin,  in  1752  or  1754. 

184.  Thomas  Jefferson  said  this,  and  Washington  adopted 
this  principle  in  refusing  to  listen  to  Citizen  Genet. 

185.  A  quorum  was  not  had  at  that  date. 

186.  The  chief  justice  of  the  United  States. 

187.  Dark  and  bloody   ground;    Green  Mountain;    the 
river  of  the  Big  Bend. 

188.  See  No.  182. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  207 

189.  Washington  was  so  called. 

190.  No.     Mrs.    Martha   Custis,    widow    of    Col.    John 
Custis,  became  his  wife. 

191.  No.     He  retained  the  old  one.     This  cabinet  had 
been  appointed  in  1795  and  1796. 

192.  His  farewell  address  of  1796. 

193.  John  Adams. 

194.  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney. 

195.  The  threatened  war  with  France  in  1800. 

196.  Representative   Bayard   changed   his   vote   on   the 
thirty-sixth    ballot,    thus    electing    Jefferson   by   one   vote. 
Aaron  Burr  was  chosen  vice-president. 

197.  In  1804.     Please  read  it. 

198.  Thomas  Jefferson  and  John  Adams.     What  year, 
and  what  day  of  the  month? 

199.  Thomas  Jefferson. 

200.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Steele,  of  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

201.  Thomas  Jefferson. 

202.  Alexander  Hamilton. 

203.  Aaron  Burr. 

204.  Thomas   Jefferson.       "Here   lies   buried    THOMAS 
JEFFERSON,  author  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  of 
the  Statute  of  Virginia  for  Religious  Freedom,  and  Father 
of  the  University  of  Virginia." 

205.  Parchment. 

206.  George  Washington. 

207.  Maryland  and  Virginia. 

208.  The  Holy  Bible. 

209.  He  laid  out  the  city. 

210.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
every  fourth  year  after  a  president  has  been  elected. 

211.  A  linen  tablecloth. 

212.  A  stump  in  front  of  York. 

213.  He  had  cut  white-oak  bushes  and  used  them  to  mark 
his  gun,  running  it  from  side  to  side  and  firing  it  rapidly. 


208  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

214.  Captain  Lawrence  of  the  Chesapeake. 

215.  "  We  have  met  the  enemy  and  they  are  ours — two 
ships,  two  brigs,  one  schooner  and  a  sloop." 

216.  Colonel  Miller,  at  Lundy's  Lane. 

217.  Francis  S.  Key,  while  detained  on  board  a  British 
vessel  and  witnessing  the  bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry. 

218.  In  the  head. 

219.  They  believed  that  an  earthquake  would  occur. 

220.  He  had  not  heard  of  it.      Why? 

221.  James  Monroe. 

222.  John  Adams. 

223.  Because  the  Fourth  fell  on  Sunday. 

224.  The  Brandywine,   in  honor  of   his  first  battle  for 
American  Independence. 

225.  The  Savannah,  built  by  a  company  of  merchants  at 
Savannah  in  1819.     It  crossed  the  ocean  in  thirty-one  days. 

226.  In  1816. 

227.  Because  they  were  originally  printed  on  blue  paper. 

228.  From  three  to  six  hours. 

229.  .The  sexton  brushed  her  nose  with  a  hare's  tail  fast- 
ened to  a  long  rod. 

230.  In  1619. 

231.  "I  resign  my  soul  to  my  God  and  my  daughter  to 
my  country." 

232.  The  House  of  Representatives.     Because  no  candi- 
date received  a  majority  vote. 

233.  "Jefferson  still  survives." 

234.  In  1814. 

335.    "The  Love  Apple"  and  refused  to  eat  it. 

236.  Cannon  were  stationed  at  distances  of  thirteen  miles 
apart.     A  cannon  was  fired  at  Buffalo  and  in  turn  along  the 
whole  line  to  New  York. 

237.  A  keg  of  water  brought  from  Lake  Erie  to  signify 
the  union  of  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic  with  those  of  the 
Great  Lakes. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  209 

238.  Wooden  rails  covered  with  strap  iron. 

239.  "  Whom  can  we  trust  now?" 

240.  La  Fayette. 

241.  Andrew  Jacksou. 

242.  He  had  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  white  beans  and 
seventeen  black  ones  placed  in  a  mug  and  required  each  pris- 
oner    to    draw    one.       Those    holding    black    beans    were 
shot. 

243.  "By  the  Eternal,  I'll  hang  the  last  one  of  'em  !" 

244.  Cyrus  McCormick,  in  1834. 

245.  In  1836.      By  means  of  raised  letters. 

246.  John  Adams,  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  James  Monroe. 

247.  A  medal  bearing  the  inscription,  "  John  C.  Calhoun, 
First  President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy." 

248.  The  Sharp  Knife. 

249.  "I  am  dying — but  I  am  not  afraid  to  die." 

250.  It  is  generally  conceded  that  Colonel  Johnson  shot 
him.     However,  this  is  disputed. 

251.  Money  issued  by  banks  and  not  redeemed. 

252.  In  1840  a  company  of  six  drunkards  resolved  to  ab- 
tain  from  use   of   intoxicating   liquors   and     thus    laid   the 
foundation  of  a  temperance  society.     (The  American  Tem- 
perance Society  was  formed  in  1826.) 

253.  Horace  Mann  was  a  great  educator  and  contributed 
more  to  the  success  and  popularity  of  our  public-school  sys- 
tem than  any  other  man  the  country  has  produced. 

254.  William  Henry  Harrison. 

255.  "Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  too." 

256.  The  Dutch  of  New  York,  "  New  Netherlands." 

257.  Andrew  Jackson. 

258.  As  a  descendant  of  Pocahontas. 

259.  Ulysses  S.   Grant,  1883. 

260.  Uncas. 

261.  The  Mormons, 
u 


210  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

262.  Notice  of  James  Knox  Folk's  nomination  for  presi- 
dent by  the  Democratic  convention  at  Baltimore. 

263.  Texas. 

264.  "Drowsy  Ones." 

265.  Daniel  Webster. 

266.  He  was    tried  for   treason,    sentenced    to    the  peni- 
tentiary for  life  but  afterward  pardoned. 

267.  Joseph  Smith.     They  practice  polygamy. 

268.  Texas. 

269.  "  What  God  hath  wrought." 

270.  Henry  Clay. 

271.  "  Fifty-four,  forty  or  fight." 

272.  Digging  a  mill-race. 

273.  James  Smithson,  of  England,   bequeathed  1515,000 
to  found  this  institution. 

274.  Because  the  Mexicans  fought  from  the  roofs  of  the 
houses,  and  the  soldiers  had  to  follow  them  there . 

275.  General  Taylor. 

276.  John  C.  Fremont. 

277.  Henry  Clay. 

278.  James  K.  Polk. 

279.  John  Tyler. 

280.  Henry  Clay. 

281.  The  Anti-slavery  party.     Adventurous  persons  who 
unlawfully  attempt  disturbances  away  from  home. 

282.  The  Omnibus  Bill. 

283.  Zachary  Taylor. 

284.  General  Taylor. 

285.  "  I  still  live." 

286.  The  Fourth  fell  on  the  Sabbath. 

287.  "  This  is  the  last  of  earth.     I  am  content." 

288.  Twenty-five  thousand  dollars  in  silver  and  his  cork 
leg.     (Company  *-C,"  Captain  Isaac  C.  Pugh,  of  the  Fourth 
Illinois  infantry,  made  this  capture. ) 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  211 

289.  The  home  of  Andrew  Jackson. 

290.  LaFayette,  in  1825. 

291.  Sir   John   Franklin,    who   was   lost   in   the   Arctic 
regions. 

292.  "Remember  the  river  Raisin." 

293.  They    were     recaptured    by   the  Americans  at  the 
Thames. 

294.  He  broke  his  sword  before  he  surrendered  it. 

295.  It  was  a  building  composed  almost  entirely  of  iron 
and  glass  and  supposed  to  be  absolutely  fire-proof.     It  was 
built  for  the  purpose  of  holding  the  second  World's  Fair  at 
New  York. 

296.  He  was  tried   by  a  court-martial  at   Truxillo,   con- 
demned, and  shot  on  September  3,  1860. 

297.  Thomas  Jefferson,  in  1789. 

298.  The  only  title  which  he  can  legally  claim  is  that  of 
President. 

299.  John  Adams  and  Benjamin  Franklin  were  the  only 
persons    aside    from    Jefferson    who    wrote    a   line    of   the 
Declaration. 

300.  The  Quaker  hat  and  coat. 

301.  Dr.  Emerson,  a  surgeon  in  the  TJ.  S.  army. 

302.  Justices  Wayne,    Nelson,    Grier,  Daniel,   Campbell 
and  Catron  concurred,  while  Justices  McLean  and  Curtis  dis- 
sented. 

303.  Two  thousand  six  hundred  and  forty  miles  in  length, 
reaching  from  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  to  Valentia  Bay, 
Ireland. 

304.  Washington  Irving,  who  died  in  1859. 

305.  John  Brown,  at  Harper's  Ferry. 

306.  At   Montgomery,  Ala. ,    on  February  4,    1861.     Six 
of    the    seceded      States — Mississippi,     Florida,    Alabama, 
Georgia,  Louisiana  and  South  Carolina — had  delegates  in  the 
convention  which  framed  the  provisional  government.     On 


212  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

the  eighth  of  this  month  Jefferson  Davis  was  chosen  as  pro- 
visional president,  and  Alexander  H.  Stephens  as  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 

307.  The  Star  of  the  West  in  carrying  men  and  supplies 
to  Ihe  garrison  at  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon  by  the   Con- 
federates and  compelled  to  return. 

308.  Abraham  Lincoln  went  by  rail  in  disguise  to  Wash- 
ington, as  it  was  thought  unsafe  for  him  to  appear  in  public 
en  route. 

309.  That  "Americans  ought  to  rule  America." 

310.  Pennsylvania,  the  Keystone  State. 

311.  Abraham  Lincoln;  from  the  fact  that  he  split  a  few 
rails  on  a  farm  ten   miles    west  of    Decatur,  Macon    County, 
111. 

312.  James  Buchanan. 

313.  The  bold  march  of  W.  T.  Sherman  with  his  troops 
from   Atlanta   through     the   heart   of   the    Confederacy    to 
Savannah. 

314.  Battles  of  Missionary   Ridge  and  Lookout  Moun- 
tain. 

315.  At  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  when  a  part  of  the  Con- 
federates were   flying,    General   Thomas   Jonathan    Jackson 
was  pointed  out  by   General   Lee,  who   exclaimed,  "There 
stands   Jackson   like   a   stone  icall."     (One   version   has  it: 
"  Here  is  Jackson  standing  like  a  stone  wall.") 

316.  "  Stonewall "  Jackson  at  Chancellors ville. 

317.  On  account  of  his  age. 

318.  General  Thomas. 

319.  Admiral  Farragut,   at  Mobile,  on  board  the   Hart- 
ford. 

320.  We  were  not  fighting  a  foreign   nation    and  hence 
had  no  government  with  which  to  treat. 

321.  Andrew  Johnson  worked  for  a  time  in  Greenville, 
Tenn.,  at  this  trade. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  213 

322.  Abraham  Lincoln  was  somewhat  noted  as  a  wrestler. 

323.  He   wore    the    dress    and   bonnet   of  a  lady  but  his 
boots  betrayed  him.     He  was  captured  by  a  portion  of  the 
Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry,    under  Colonel   B.  D.    Pritchard, 
near  Irwiusville,  Irwin  County,  Ga. 

324.  He  repeated    the   motto  of   the    state    of   Virginia, 
"  Sic  semper  tyrannis." 

325.  Abraham  Lincoln  held  a  public   reception  in  Jeffer- 
son Davis's  parlors  at  Richmond,  April  4,  1865. 

326.  The  "  stars  and  bars." 

327.  Abraham  Lincoln. 

(     Ham-lin.     ) 

328.  {  V 

I    Lm-coln.    | 

329.  Gold  rose  to  two  hundred  and  eighty  in  1864. 

330.  At  Fortress  Monroe.     He  was  released  on  bail  after 
two  years'  confinement,  and  included  in  President  Johnson's 
amnesty  proclamation  of  1868. 

331.  Horace  Greeley  lived  at  this  place  and  was  hence 
so  called. 

332.  Matthew  Simpson,  Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

333.  William  M.  Evarts,  in  the  presence  of  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand  people. 

334.  Andrew  Johnson  obtained  all  of  his  book  knowledge 
from  his  wife  after  their  marriage. 

335.  The  charges  lacked  but  one  vote  of  being  sustained. 

336.  General  Grant. 

337.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  of  Illinois. 

338.  "  Stonewall"  Jackson. 

339.  Fort  Sumter. 

340.  One  of  gold,  the  other  of  silver. 

341.  General  Grant  worked  in  a  tannery  at  Galena  with 
his  father. 

342.  A  member  of  a  Grange,  or  a  Patron  of  Husbandry. 

343.  One   hundred   and    twenty-five    locomotives,    two 


214  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

thousand  five  hundred  freight  and  express  cars  were  burned 
at  Pittsburg  in  1877. 

344.  A  Chinese  laborer  is  called  a  "coolie." 

345.  Horace  Greeley,  "The  Founder  of  the  New  York 
Tribune. 

346.  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
Abraham  Lincoln. 

347.  Abraham  Lincoln's  funeral  is  said  to  have  been  the 
longest  funeral   on  earth.     It   reached  from  Washington  to 
Springfield,  111. 

348.  A.  Lincoln,  in  1865. 

349.  General  Joseph  Hooker. 

350.  The  Monitor,  built  by  John  Ericsson  for  the  U.  S. 
government  in  1862.      What  did  it  do? 

351.  Because  he  taught  school  in    Ohio  while  a  young 
man. 

352.  Charles  J.  Guiteau,  a  lawyer  of  Chicago. 

353.  Because  they  succeeded  to  the  presidency   by  the 
death  of  the  person  elected  to  that  office. 

354.  It  is  a  mail  route  on  which  the  mails  are  transported 
in  some  other  manner  than   by  railroads.     These   routes  are 
designated  by  three  stars  thus:  ***. 

355.  Because  he  believes  that  his  deeds  are   unknown 
when  he  is  asked  for  his  name. 

356.  A  commission  which  met  at  Washington  in    1871 
and  completed  arrangements  for  settling  the  so-called  Ala- 
bama claims  at  a  second  meeting  to  be  held  at  Geneva,  Swit- 
zerland.    The  commissioners  at  Washington  were  Hamilton 
Fish,  Robert  C.  Schenck,  Samuel  Nelson,  Ebenezer  R.  Hoar, 
and  George  H.  Williams  on  the  part  of  the  United   States, 
and    Earl  De  Grey,    Sir  Stafford    Northcote,    Sir  Edward 
Thornton,    Sir    John    McDonald  and  Prof.   Montague  Ber- 
nard on  the  part  of  Great   Britain.     In  the  Geneva  com- 
mission we  were  represented    by  Charles    Francis    Adams 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  215 

Great  Britain,  by  Sir  Alexander  Cockburn;  Italy,  by  Count 
Frederic  Sclopis;  Switzerland,  byM.  Jacob  Staempfli;  Brazil, 
by  Baron  d'ltajuba.  The  United  States  appointed  J.  C.  Ban- 
croft Davis  as  its  agent,  and  Great  Britain  appointed  Lord 
Tenterdan  as  her  agent.  This  tribunal  awarded  the  United 
States  the  sum  of  $15,500,000,  to  be  paid  by  Great  Britain. 

357.  California  presented  the  spike  of  gold,  Nevada  one 
of  silver,  and  Arizona  one  of  gold,  silver  and  iron.     The  last 
tie  was  hewn  from  laurel  and  its  ends  were  bound  with  silver 
bands. 

358.  Captain  James  B.  Eads. 

359.  "  I  know  that  my  Redeemer  liveth." 

360.  When  a  man  who  had  lived  in  the  North  was  sent 
from  the  South  to  Congress,  he  was  termed  a  ' '  carpetbagger. " 
Congress  required  an  oath  of  office,  which  excluded  all  who 
had    participated  in   the   rebellion,    and   which   resulted  in 
many  persons  being   sent  to  Congress  from  the  South  who 
had  recently  removed  from  the  North. 

361.  He  attended  school  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when 
his  father  died,  leaving  him  penniless. 

362.  He  borrowed  it  from  a  man  who  had  faith   in  the 
honesty  of  the  boy;  went  to  Buffalo,  New  York,  and   began 
the  study  of  law  at  once.     By  hard  work  and   much  economy 
he  paid  the  $25  back  within  two  years. 

383.     Senator   Shelby  M.  Cullom  of  Illinois  was  author 
of  the  Inter  State  Commerce  Law  as  applied  to  i-ailroads. 

364.  Grant  died  on  Mt.  McGregor,  near  Saratoga  Springs, 
New  York;  he  was  taken  to  Albany  where  the  body  lay  in 
state  some  days,  thence  to  New  York  City  where  it  was  in- 
terred in  a  vault  at  Riverside  Park  on  the  banks  of  the  Hud- 
son. 

365.  The  Knights  of  Labor  is  an  organization  of  labor, 
ing  men  for  the  purpose  of  ameliorating  their  condition  by 
mutually  and  fraternally  advising  each  other  in  the   several 
departments  of  labor. 


216  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

366.  Lightning   entered   the    cottage   and   put  out  the 
burning  lamps  by  the  concussion  of  the  shock;  strange  as  this 
may  seem,  it  struck  the  excavation  where  his  vault  was,  in 
Riverside  Park,  but  did  no  damage,  a  week  later. 

367.  Louis Lingg  exploded  a  small  dynamite  bomb  in  his 
mouth,  and  literally  "blew  his  face  off,"  thus  escaping  the 
penalty  of  the  courts. 

368.  That  of  Charleston,    South  Carolina,   August  31, 
1886;  there  were  ten  recorded  and  distinctive  shocks  between 
August   27    and    September   1;  the    tremor   was    felt    over 
one-fourth  of  the  Union;  many  buildings  were  destroyed  or 
badly  damaged,  forty  lives  were  lost  and  property  generally 
destroyed;  the   ocean  was  thrown  into  turmoil  for  leagues 
away;  scientists  hastening  to  the  scene  of  the  disaster  recorded 
the  following  from  their  observations;  viz. -a,  the  point  of 
origin  was  about  twenty  miles  from  the  city;  #,  the  motion 
over  this  center  was  vertical;   c,  that  lines  of  equal  disturb- 
ance might  be  drawn  around  this  center  of  disturbance  with 
a  degree  of  certainty;  d,  the  agitation  of  the  earth  was  not 
in  the  nature  of  a  shock  or  convulsion,  but  rather  a   series  of 
quick  and  violent  oscillations  by  which  the  country  was  moved 
in  the  course  of  five  minutes  somewhat  toward  the  sea. 

369.  The  president  is  chosen  by  electors  from  the  sev- 
eral  states,  and  the  majority  of  the  electors  were  upon  the 
Republican  ticket,  as   shown  by  the  returns  in  November. 
How  many  electors  has  your  State?     How  can  you  tell  this? 

370.  On  the  death  of  John  A.  Logan,  Congress  voted  his 
widow  a  pension  of  $2,000  annually,  during  her  life. 

371.  The  first  known  of   the  Harrisons  was  Major-Gen- 
eral   John    Harrison    of    England,    commissioned    to    take 
Charles  I  to  Windsor  for  trial,  and  who  sat  later  as  one  of  the 
judges,  and,  together  with  Scott,  Martyn  and   Ireton,  signed 
his   death    warrant,   January   25,    1649.      When    Charles    II 
came   to  the  throne,  he  had  the  judges,  together  with  John 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  217 

Harrison,  executed.  The  members  of  the  Harrison  family 
then  emigrated  to  Virginia,  and  we  find  Benjamin  Harrison, 
the  great-grandfather  of  ex-President  Harrison,  as  a  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  a  prominent  actor  in 
public  affairs  till  his  death  in  1791.  His  grandfather,  Will- 
iam Henry  Harrison,  served  his  country  almost  continuously 
from  1791  to  1841.  (See  sketch  in  proper  place.) 

372.  The  stated  purchases  of  bullion,  the  payment  of  the 
interest  on  bonds,  pensions,  improvements  and  the  constant 
expenses  of  the  government  are  some  of  the  means  of  get- 
ting the  money  to  the  people.     The  national  banking  system 
makes  an  outlet  for  the  money  as  it  is  printed  or  coined. 

373.  John  Scott  Harrison  was  a  farmer  in  southern  Ohio; 
he  served  four  years  in    Congress,  from  1852  to  1856,  how- 
ever. 

374.  General  G.   A.    Ouster  was  so  called;   the  Indians 
called  him  "the  white  chief  with  the  yellow  hair." 

375.  As  Hooker  rode  along  the  lines  the  next  day,  he  saw 
Harrison,  and  exclaimed  with  an  oath,  "  Harrison,  I'll  make 
you  a  brigadier-general  for  this  fight." 

376.  Paul  Revere's,    Israel  Putnam's   and  Philip  Sheri- 
dan's.    Explain. 

377.  "Little  Ben,"  by  the  soldiers. 

378.  Out  of  respect  and  sympathy  for  the  fallen  oppo- 
nent; it  had  been  presented  to  him  by  the  State  of  Virginia, 
and  was  most  beautifully  and  lavishly  designed. 

379.  It  was  the  original  chair  upon  which  Washington 
sat   during   the  ceremonies    of  his  inauguration,    April  30, 
1789,  at  New  York.     It  was  used  by  Presidents  Grant  and 
Garfield,  and  belonged  to  S.  B.  South  wick. 

380.  The  National  Soldiers'  Home  is  at  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
there  are  now  (1895)  seven  branches,  viz.:  Central,  Dayton, 
Ohio;  Northwestern,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  Eastern,  Togus, 
Maine;    Southern,    Hampton,    Virginia;    Western,    Leaven- 


218  UNITED    STATES    U1STOBY. 

worth,  Kansas;  Pacific,  Santa  Monica,  California;  Marion, 
Marion,  Indiana.  Twenty  of  the  States  have  Homes,  kept 
up  at  their  expense,  besides  the  National  institutions. 

381.  Sir  John  Mandeville  was  an  English  author,  born  at 
St.  Albans  about  1300.     He  visited  Palestine,   China,  Tar- 
tary,   Armenia,    Persia   and  other   eastern  countries.      (See 
Mandeville's   Argument   for   his  theory  of  the  form  of  the 
earth.) 

382.  On  account  of  the  earth's  rotundity  the  north  star  is 
below  the  horizon  for  this  continent. 

383.  His   argument   printed   in    1356,  one   hundred  and 
thirty-six  years  before  Columbus  discovered  America,  showed 
that  the  earth  turned  on  its  axis. 

384.  Twelve  persons  signed  this  instrument. 

385.  The  plan  of  perpetual  union  proposed  by  Benjamin 
Franklin  in  1754. 

386.  On  the  first  day  of  January,  1863. 

387.  General  Grey,  on  account  of  his  causing  his  soldiers 
to  remove  the  flints  from  their  muskets  before  going  into 
battle. 

388.  "  God  save  the  King." 

389.  At  the  battle  of  German  town,  Chew's  house,  contain- 
ing a  small  detachment  of  British,  delayed  the  Americans 
long  enough  for  the  British  army  to  rally. 

390.  Luther  Holcomb  rode  briskly  to  the  top  of  a  hill  at 
Bethel,  and  turning  to  an  imaginary  army  shouted,  "Halt 
the  whole  universe!  break  off  into  kingdoms."     This  caused 
the  British  to  halt  and  draw  up  in  line  of  battle,  thus  giving 
the  Americans  time  to  carry  away  much  of  their  stores  at 
Danbury. 

391.  Congress  voted  him  a  sword,  and  he  was   also  pro- 
moted to  a  colonelcy. 

392.  The    customs    law,    passed    by    Congress   in    1894, 
contained  eleven  provisions  as  to  an  income  tax  of   two  per 


ANSWEBS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  219 

cent  on    incomes  over   and  above  $4,000,  and  its  collection. 
The  supreme  court  declared  this  tax  unconstitutional. 

393.  He  was  given  a  dose  of  tartar-emetic  and  caused  to 
vomit  the  bullet  from  his  stomach,  but,  hastily  seizing  it,  he 
again  swallowed  it.     He  then  refused  to  take  another  dose, 
but  succumbed  to  its  repetition  when  informed  that  he  would 
be  hanged  and  that  a  post-mortem  would  reveal  the  bullet. 
He  took  the  tartar  and  soon  threw  up  the  coveted  prize.     It 
contained  the  following  note : 

"  FORT  MONTGOMERY, 

October  8,  1777. 

' '  Nous  y  void,  and  nothing  now  between  us  and  Gates. 
I  sincerely  hope  this  little  success  of  ours  may  facilitate  your 
operations.  In  answer  to  your  letter  of  September  28 
by  C.  C.,  I  shall  only  say,  I  cannot  presume  to  order  or 
even  advise,  for  reasons  obvious.  I  heartily  wish  you  suc- 
cess. 

Faithfully  yours,  H.  CLINTON." 

"  General  Buryoyne." 

394.  The  fact  that  he  refused  to  receive  compensation  for 
his  services  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.     He  only  asked 
reimbursement  for  what  he  had  spent  from  his  private  purse. 

395.  Count   Donop   at    Fort  Mercer.     He  was  mortally 
wounded  in  an  attack  on  this  place,  and  died  three  days  after 
in  the  arms  of  his  captor,  Colonel  Manduit.     He  was  buried 
near  the  fort,  and  his  grave  was  marked  by  a  rough  stone. 
His  bones  have  been  carried  off  by  relic  hunters. 

396.  Baron  Steuben  was  dubbed  "Marshal  Forritz." 

397.  Anna  Whitall,  a  Quakeress,  at  Fort  Mifflin,   when 
asked  to  flee  for  her  life  replied,  "  God's  arm  is  strong,  and 
;t,  will  protect  me;  I  may  do  good  by  staying."     When  shot 
had  almost  demolished  her  house,  she  carried  her  wheel  into 
the  cellar  and  continued  to  ply  her  avocation  until  the  battle 
was  ended;  then,  Spartan-like,  she  administered  to  friend  and 
foe  alike. 


320  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

398.  James  Madison,  of  Virginia. 

399.  The  mother  of  Captain    Henry  Lee,    "  Light  Horse 
Harry  "  was  known  as  the  "  Lowland  Beauty."  She  attracted 
Washington's  attention  and  might  have  married  him,  but  she 
gave  her  hand,  at  least,  to  another. 

400.  Oliver  Ellsworth,  afterward  appointed  chief  justice 
of  the  United  States. 

401.  General  Charles  Lee,  in  1777. 

402.  He  crossed  it  in  a  barge  manned  by  thirteen  oarsmen. 
Why  thirteen? 

403.  "Sir: — I  find  myself  just  able  to  hold  my  pen  dur- 
ing a  few  minutes,  and  take  this   opportunity  of  expressing 
my  sincere  grief  for  having  done,  written    or  said  anything 
disagreeable  to   your   Excellency.       My  career  will  soon   be 
over,  therefore  justice  and  truth   prompt  me   to   declare  my 
sentiments.     You  are,  in   my  eyes,  a    great   and  good  man. 
May  you  long  enjoy  the  love,  esteem  and  veneration  of  those 
States  whose  liberties  you  have  asserted  by  your  virtues." 

404.  Determine  by  reading  the  executive  department. 

405.  The  British  General  Hamilton  at   Detroit.       He  of- 
fered rewards  for  scalps,  and  hence  the  name. 

406.  Judge  Hopkinson. 

407.  The  swampy  lands  along  the  Wabash. 

408.  On  account  of  a  defect  in  the   title  to  his    land    he 
was  unable  to  hold  it,  and  hence  he  removed  to  that  State. 

409.  A  Mr.  Wells. 

410.  The  State  of  Kentucky  removed  his  bones,  together 
with  those  of  his  wife,  from  Missouri  to  a  point  on  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  near  Frankfort. 

411.  They   noticed    Brandt  place  paint  on    their  aprons 
which  seemed  to  save  them  from  the  fury  of  the  savages,  and 
taking  advantage  of  this   they  placed    their   aprons  on  their 
classmates  and  saved  them.       The  Indians  killed  and  scalped 
the  poor  schoolmaster. 

412.  The  State  of  Franklin. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  221 

413.  "Tell  Jones,  his  wife  and  son  that  the  remembrance 
ol  the  battle  I  fought  for  them  brought   a   secret  joy  to  my 
heart  when  it  was  about  to  stop  its  motion  forever. " 

414.  Because  he  said  he  hated  fashionable   society   and 
that  he  was  not  fit  to  appear  in  dress  circles. 

415.  General  Putnam  was  at  his  mirror  shaving  when  he 
saw  the  reflection  of  a  red-coat  in  the  glass,    which    alarmed 
him. 

416.  Rev.  John  Carroll  was  consecrated  bishop    in   1789. 

417.  Rev.  Samuel  Seabury,  D.D.,  who   was  consecrated 
in  Scotland  in  1784,  as  bishop  of  Connecticut. 

418.  The  seed  was  brought  from  the  Bahamas  in  1786. 

419.  It  was  erected  at  Beverly,  in  Massachusetts,  in  1787. 

420.  A  popular  name  given  to  Faneuil  Hall,  Boston,  Mass. 

421.  "The  Fort  is  ours." 

422.  In  1793,  at  Philadelphia.     They  were  smoked  as  a 
preventive  of  yellow  fever. 

423.  Washington. 

424.  A  wise  and  thoughtful  physician  called    it  "Frank 
Hn's  Little  Demon." 

425.  Laurens  at  Savannah  when  Count  Polaski  fell. 

426.  Thomas  Jefferson. 

427.  Colonel   White   captured    Captain    French    on   the 
Ogeechee  by  a  well-planned  strategem. 

428.  Jones  replied:  "I  have  not  yet  begun  to  fight." 

429.  Thomas  Jefferson. 

430.  Sumter   of    Carolina    during    the    Revolution  was 
called  the  ' '  Carolina  Game  Cock. " 

431.  Francis  Marion. 

"  Woe  to  the  English  soldiery,  that  little  dread  us  near! 
On  them  shall  light  at  midnight  a  strange  and  sudden  fear; 
When  waking  to  their  tents  on  fire,  they  grasp  their  arms  in  vain, 
And  they  who  stand  to  face  us  are  beat  to  earth  again; 
And  they  who  ny  in  terror  deem  a  mighty  host  behind, 
And  hear  the  tramp  of  thousands  upon  the  hollow  wind. 


222  UNITED    STATES    HISTOBY. 

Well  knows  the  fair  and  friendly  moon  the  band  that  Marion  leads, 
The  glitter  of  their  rifles,  the  scampering  of  their  steeds. 
'Tis  life  to  guide  the  fiery  barb  across  the  moonlight  plain: 
Tis  life  to  feel  the  night  wind  that  lifts  his  tossing  mane. 
A  moment  in  the  British  camp — a  moment,  and  away, 
Back  to  the  pathless  forest  before  the  peep  of  day." 

432.  He  used  pieces  of  bark,  on  which  he  served  the  din- 
ner— sweet  potatoes. 

433.  He  resigned  his  commission  and    returned   to  Eng- 
land, declaring  it  was  folly  to  fight  against  men  who  showed 
so  much  devotion  to  their  country. 

434.  Marion  said  this  to  the  officer  who  dined  with  him. 

435.  "  Hold  on,  massa!  de  debil  here!     Look  you." 

436.  Her  little  child  saw  him  peeping  through    a   crevice 
in  the  wall,  where  she  was  stirring  the  boiling  soap.    Watch- 
ing her  chances,  she  hastily  threw  a  ladle  full  of  the  boiling 
liquid  into  his  face,  and,  while  he  was  roaring  with  pain,  she 
securely  bound  him  as  her  prisoner. 

437.  At  Hanging  Rock,  in  1780,  at  the   age  of  fourteen. 

438.  "  Have  a  care,  lest  your   Northern   laurels   turn    to 
Southern  willows." 

439.  He  meant  to  convey  the  idea  that  he  would  capture 
Cornwallis. 

440.  Cornwallis  and  Gates,  at  Camden. 

441.  Their  wives  and   daughters   manufactured    it   front 
the  nitre  found  in  caves  and  charcoal  burned    on  the  hearth- 
stone. 

442.  Rev.  James  Caldwell's,    known   among   the  Whigs 
as   a  "rousing  gospel-preacher,"  and  among  the  Tories  as  a 
"  rebel  firebrand."     He  lived  at  Elizabethtown,  S.  C 

443.  Washington  and  John  Adams. 

444.  We   were  fighting  for   our  independence,    and   our 
government  was  not  yet  fully  established.   There  was  neither 
provision  for  the  admission    of   a    State,   nor  were  there  any 
knocking  for  admission. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  223 

445.  Minister  James  Caldwell.       Irving   says:    "No   one 
showed  more  ardor  in  the  tight  than  Caldwell,  the  chaplain. 
The  image  of  his  murdered  wife  was  before   him.       Finding 
the  men  in  want  of  wadding,  he  galloped  to  the  Presbyte- 
rian church,  and  brought  thence  a  quantity  of  Watt's  psalm 
arid  hymn  books,  which  he  distributed  for  the  purpose  among 
the    soldiers."     This  was  on  the    occasion   of   a  fight  at  a 
bridge  on  the  Rahway. 

446.  The  Republicans  were  so  called   in  Madison's  time. 

447.  In  Jackson's  administration    the   Republicans    were 
called  "  Loco  Focos."  On  a  certain  occasion,  at  a  meeting  in 
Tammany  Hall,  the  lights  were  extinguished  and  relighted  by 
loco-foco  matches,  which  several  of  their  members  carried  in 
their  pockets. 

448.  Thomas  Faucett  shot  him  in   the   back.      Braddock 
had  issued  positive  instructions  to  his  men  not  to  hide    be- 
hind any  defense  whatever.       The   brother   of   Faucett   had 
taken  refuge  behind  a  tree,  and  Braddock  cut  him  down  with 
his  sword  when  Faucett  shot  him. 

449.  The  same  party  was  so  called  at  different  periods   in 
its  history. 

450.  A  badge  made  of  silk,  containing  a  button  in  the 
center,     bearing  the  image  of  a   palmetto   tree.     (Worn  in 
1860.) 

451.  William  L.   Marcy. 

452.  Jefferson  Davis  married  Zachary  Taylor's  daughter, 
and  hence  was  Taylor's  son-in-law. 

453.  That  of  Elizur  Goodrich,   a  Federalist,  and  holding 
the  office  of  collector  for  the  port  of  New  Haven.      He   was 
displaced  by  Jefferson  and  his  place  filled  by  Samuel  Bishop, 
a  Republican. 

454.  January  26,  1802.     John  Beckley,  of  Virginia,  was 
the   first  librarian.     Samuel  A.  Otis   furnished  the   nucleus 
of  the  library  when  he  was  secretary  of  the  Senate. 


224  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

455.  The    unfinished    capitol    building    at    Washington 
was  so   called  by  those  who  would   have  preferred   to  have 
seen  the  capitol  at  New  York  or  at  Philadelphia. 

456.  Chief   Justice   Marshall,  when  knocked  down  by  a 
falling  volume  of  the  law  from  a  shelf  in    the   Congressional 
Library. 

457.  McDonough,     at     Plattsburg,     knelt    and     prayed 
earnestly,  in  the   midst   of  the  seamen,  for  victory  over  his 
enemy. 

458.  Commodore   Bainbridge,   in   1801.     It  is  said  that 
the  Sultan  liked  the  flag  on  account  of   its  containing  stars, 
as  his  bore  a  crescent,  or  half -moon. 

459.  He  was  killed  in  a  duel  with  Commodore  Barron,  in 
1820. 

460.  He   ordered   black   crape   suspende'd   from   all    the 
standards  and  flags  throughout  the  French  Republic. 

461.  In  1809. 

462.  "River  of  blood." 

463.  His   duel   with  Alexander   Hamilton    made   him   a 
wanderer  through  the  land. 

464.  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 

465.  Because  Jefferson  refused  to  appoint  him  as  minister 
to  England. 

466.  He  often  called  them  "Doughfaces." 

467.  John  Randolph,  in  his  sentence,    "When  I  speak  of 
my  country,  I  mean  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia." 

468.  "  How  are  you,  Emperor?     How's  Madam"  ? 

469.  The  opponents  of  the  Embargo  Act  spelled  it  back- 
ward, thus  getting  the  term. 

470.  "  The  wildcat  springing  on  its  prey." 

471.  The  famous  Indian  prophet  was  called  Elkswatawa. 
The  meaning  is,  "The  loud  voice." 

472.  William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia. 

473.  "  Josiah  the  First,  King   of   New  England,    Nova 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  225 

Scotia  and  Passamaq  noddy."     This  was    in    derision   of   the 
Federalists,  who  opposed  the  War  of  1812. 

474.  The    President,    commanded    by  Captain    Rogers, 
threw  the  first  shot   after   the  declaration  of   war.     It  was 
fired  at  the  Belvidera  from  a  chase-gun. 

475.  "  Taken  at  Saratoga  on  October  7,  1777." 

476.  They  greeted  them  with  fervent  kisses.     Why? 

477.  He  was  sentenced  by  court-martial  to  be  shot,  but 
on  account  of  his  services  in  the  Revolution  he  was  reprieved 
by  the  president  and  his  name  stricken  from  the  army-roll. 

478.  He  mounted  a  log  in  front  of  his  men  and  made  the 
following  speech:   "  Hull's  surrender  must  be  redeemed.   Our 
condition  is  desperate.  Let  us  die  arms  in  hand.   Our  country 
demands  the  sacrifice.     The  example  will  not  be  lost.     The 
blood  of  the  slain  will  make  heroes  of  the  living.   Those  who 
follow  will  avenge  our  fall  and  our  country's  wrongs.    Who 
dares  to  stand?  "     A  loud  "All  "  ran   along  the  line.     Scott 
and  nearly  all   his  men  were  captured. 

479.  Jacob,  an  Indian  chief  and  son  of  Brandt,  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame 

480.  "Go,  put  on  petticoats.     You  are  not  fit  to  com- 
mand men." 

481.  Captain  Lawrence,  on  board  the  Chesapeake. 

482.  He   was   captured  with  Captain    David  Porter  on 
board  the  Essex  by  the  Phoebe  and   the  Cherub  in  1813,  at 
the  age  of  twelve. 

483.  "Don't  give  up  the  ship." 

484.  "  We  have  met  the  enemy,  and  they  are  ours;  two 
ships,  two  brigs,  one  schooner,  and  one  sloop. 

Yours  with  great  respect  and  esteem, 

O.  H.  PERRY." 

485.  Three  Indians   in   the  hold  of  the  vessel  and  a  pet 
bear  on  deck. 

486.  It  was  towed  to  Misery  Bay  where  it  had  been  built, 


226  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

was  anchored  for  a  time,  where  it  soon  sank.  The  vessel  was 
raised  in  September,  1875,  and  placed  on  exhibition  at  the 
Centennial  in  1876. 

487.  "  Rumpsey,  Dumpsey,  hickory  Cruinpsey, 

Colonel  Johnsou  killed  Tecumseh." 

488.  He  fed  it  on  brown  sugar  until  he  could  transport  it 
to  his  home.     He  reared  it  to  manhood. 

489.  When  Decatur  tried  to  sail  from  New  London,  Ct., 
blue   lights  were   displayed  on  the  banks  of   the  Thames. 
Some  persons  supposing  that  the  opponents  of  the  war  had 
displayed  them  as  a   signal   to   the   enemy,  the   Federalists 
were  wrongly  so  called. 

490.  "  The  enemy  says  that  the  Americans  are  good  at  a 
long  range,  but  cannot  stand  the  cold  iron.     I  call  upon  you 
instantly  to  give  the  lie  to  the  slander.     Charge!  " 

491.  Lundy's  Lane. 

492.  Colonel  Drummond  at   Lundy's    Lane    in  a  charge 
made  a  few  days   after  the  first   battle.     He  was   killed  and 
his  men  scattered. 

493.  The  battle  of  Plattsburg,  September  11,  1814. 

494.  At  the  battle  of  Bladensburg,  it  is  said,  an  officer 
ran  till  he  dropped  dead. 

495.  The  retreat  after  the  battle  of  Bladensburg. 

496.  General  Cockbui-n   took  the  speaker's  chair  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  and  cried,   "  Gentlemen,  the  ques- 
tion is,  Shall  this  harbor  of   Yankee  Democracy  be  burned? 
All  in  favor  of   burning  it   will   say,  aye!"     All  responded 
"Aye,"  and  he   gave   the   orders,    "Light   up."     Thus   the 
capitol  of  the  U.  S.  was  fired  and  burned. 

497.  Elbridge  Gerry  died  in  his  carriage,  Nov.  13,  1814. 
He  was  succeeded   by  John   Gaillard,  of   South  Carolina,  as 
president  of  the  Senate. 

498.  He  had  disregarded  the  right  to   the  writ  of  Habeas 
Corpus,  and  on  being  fined  $1,000  paid  it  without  a  murmur. 


AXSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  227 

The  government  afterward  refunded  him  the  amount  of  this 
tine  with  interest. 

499.  The  American  prisoners  of  the  War  of  1812  were  con- 
fined at  Dartmoor,  a  prison  near  Portsmouth,  England.   They 
were  brutally  treated,  and  on  breaking  into  the  depot  of  sup- 
plies on  April  5,  1815,  many    of  them   were  cruelly  shot  by 
the  guards. 

500.  John  Q.  Adams  was    so   called   on   account  of   his 
youthful  age  when  appointed  minister  to  Holland. 

501.  The  open-air  meeting  of  Samuel  J.   Mills,   James 
Richards,  Fi-ancis  L.   Robbins,    Harvey  Loomis  and   Bryan 
Greene  near  Harvard   College,  in  which   it  was  proposed  to 
send  the  gospel  to  the  heathen.      From  this  meeting  arose  the 
American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

502.  A  paper  printed  by  Benjamin  Lundy  in  1815  was  so 
called.      He  was   the   originator  of   anti-slavery    periodicals 
and  lectures,  1783. 

503.  It  had  fifteen   after  the  admission  of   Kentucky  and 
Vermont  and  still  retained   this  number   till  April  4,  1818, 
when  a  bill  was   approved  reducing   the   number   to  thirteen 
and   providing   for  the  addition  of   a  star  on  July  4    next, 
after  the    admission  of   a   State.     The  new  flag  as  adopted 
at  above  date  was  first  hoisted  over  the  Hall  of   Representa- 
tives on  April  13,  1818. 

504.  Virginia  is    called    the    "mother  of    presidents?" 
Why? 

505.  John  Quincy  Adams  was  the  son  of  John  Adams. 

506.  An  Irishman  named  Christopher  Colles  first  proposed 
this   in  a    pamphlet   entitled,    "Proposals   for   the   Speedy 
Settlement  of   Western  New  York."     This   was  issued   in 
1785. 

507.  Governor   De  Witt  Clinton,   July  4,  1818. 

508.  When  requested  to  give  a  toast  for  a  banquet  to  be 
held  on  July  4,  1826,  he  said,    "  I   will  give  you  Independ- 


228  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

ence  forever."     While  his  toast  was  being  presented  he  lay 
dying  at  his  home. 

509.  Horatio   Allen   took  charge   of   the    "  Stourbridge 
Lion,"  the  first  locomotive  ever  put  upon  a  railroad  in  Amer- 
ica.    This  was  upon  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad,  in 
1827. 

510.  Mr.  Peter  Cooper,  1830. 

NOTE.  —  "We  never  expected  to  travel  about  by  aid  of 
steam — but  so  it  is.  This  carriage  is  decidedly  a  steam  en- 
gine, which  needs  no  bridles  nor  spurs,  and  behaves  better 
than  any  pony  we  ever  drove.  A  nice  little  railroad  turn- 
pike runs  around  the  room,  on  which  the  carriage  travels, 
with  a  lady  or  a  gentleman  as  passenger,  going  about  the 
larger  room  with  as  much  ease  as  the  '  Chancellor  Livingston ' 
steamer  passes  up  Long  Island  Sound." — Rochester  Daily 
Advertiser  of  1830. 

811.  The  "  Best  Friend,"  built  at  the  West  Point  Found- 
ry shops,  made  the  first  excursion  trip  on  the  South  Caro- 
lina Railroad,  January  15,  1831,  being  the  anniversary  of  the 
commencement  of  the  road. 

512.  July  4,   1828,  Charles  Carroll,  of   Carrollton,   the 
last  survivor  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, was  present,  and  after  the  Grand  Master's  square,  level 
and  compass  had  tested  the  corner-stone,  Mr.  Carroll  stepped 
forward,  removed  a  shovelful  of  earth,   and  the  stone  was 
lowered  into  position. 

513.  General  Jackson  often  used  this  expression.     It  is 
said  that  he  dropped  all  his  ill-chosen  expletives,  and  among 
them  this  one,  at  the  death  of  his  wife. 

514.  A  buffalo  from  the  Rocky  Mountains,  three  bears 
from  Green  Bay,  two  foxes,  a  raccoon,  a  dog,  a  cat  and  four 
geese. 

515.  Two  of  the  bears  plunged  into  the  rapids,  swam  to 
shore  and  were  caught  in  the  woods.     The  cat,  the  dog  and 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  229 

the  foxes  were  never  heard  of  more.     The  geese  were  found 
below  the  falls  picking  and  oiling  their  feathers. 

516.  Those  of  the  covenanters.      "We  hope  in  God." 

517.  On  the  night  of  November  3,  1833. 

518.  Osceola  in  the  Florida  War. 

519.  Martin  Van  Buren. 

520.  General  William  Henry  Harrison. 

521.  The  wife  of  General  Harrison  was  so  called  before 
her  marriage. 

522.  John  Tyler  and  Grover  Cleveland. 

523.  It  was  a  large  gun  placed  on  board  the  Princeton, 
then  lying  in  the  Potomac.     It  burst  in  the  presence  of  Abel 
P.  Upshur  and  Thomas  W.  Gilmer,  killing  both.     The  former 
was  secretary  of  state,  the  latter  of  the  navy.     This  occurred 
February  28,  1844. 

524.  She  cut  it  from  its  frame  with  a  butcher  knife  and 
carried  it  away  to  a  place  of  security. 

525.  Horace  Greeley. 

526.  "Captain  May,  you  must  take  that  battery."     "I 
will  do  it,  sir,"  was  the  gallant  answer. 

527.  "The  memory  of  Washington." 

528.  John  G.  Whittier,  the  poet. 

529.  He  was  called  old    "Whitney."     He  was  white  as 
the  snow. 

530.  His  widow  presented  it  to  the  Historical  Society  of 
Tennessee. 

531.  The  new  party,  which  afterward  became  the  Repub- 
lican party,  was  for  a  time  called  the  Free-Soil  party. 

532.  James  Monroe,  second  term;  Zachary  Taylor,  Ruth- 
erford B.  Hayes. 

533.  General  Taylor. 

534.  "I  am  General    Taylor,   the  conqueror  of   Buena 
Vista." 

535.  On  taking  a  look  at  the  ship's  construction  he  said, 
"  My  God,  she  is  hollow." 


230  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

536.  When  he  came  to  die  his  last  words  were,    "  I  am 
prepared;  I  have  endeavored  to  do  ray  duty." 

537.  Those  who  believed  in  the  compromise  measures  of 
Clay  were  called  the  "  Silver  Grays." 

538.  Those  who  were  opposed  to  these  measures. 

539.  This  is  but  another  name  for  the  "  Silver  Grays." 

540.  A  book  written   by  Mrs.    Harriet   Beecher   Stowe 
portraying  slave  life. 

541.  The  inhabitants  of  Kansas  are  so  called. 

542.  A  branch  of  the  Republican  party,  sometimes  called 
the  Anti-Slavery  Americans. 

543.  "  Put  none  but  Americans  on  guard."     "Let  Amer- 
icans rule  America." 

544.  John  Brown,  of  Kansas  and  Harper's  Ferry  fame. 

545.  He  raised  the  flag  over  Independence  Hall  at  Phila- 
delphia, February  22,  1861. 

546.  Edmund    Ruffin,   of  Virginia,   at  4  A.   >i.,  on  Fri- 
day, April  12,  1861,  tired  the  first  shot  at  Fort  Sumter.     At 
7  A.  M.,  Captain  Abner  Doubleday  fired  the  first  shot   from 
Fort  Sumter  in  defense  of  the  post. 

547.  He  was  his  son. 

548.  General  George  B.  McClellan. 

549.  General  Kearney  at  Fair  Oaks. 

550.  He  was  killed  at  Chantilly. 

551.  Because  of  the  Union  reverses  in  the  battles  at  that 
period.     Mr.  Lincoln's  explanation  is  as  follows :   "I  put  the 
draft  of  the  proclamation  aside,  waiting  for  a  victory.   Well, 
the  next  news  we  had  was  of  Pope's  disaster  at  Bull  Run. 
Things  looked  darker  than  ever.     Finally  came  the  week  of 
the  battle  at  Antietam.    I  determined  to  wait  no  longer.    The 
news  came,  I  think,  on  Wednesday,  that  the  advantage  was 
on  our  side.    I  was  then  staying  at  the  Soldiers'  Home.    Here 
I  finished  writing  the  second  draft  of  the  proclamation;  came 
up  on  Saturday ;  called  the  cabinet  together  to  hear  it,  and  it 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER  QUERIES.  231 

was  published  on  the  following  Monday.  I  made  a  solemn 
vow  before  God  that  if  General  Lee  was  driven  back  from 
Maryland  I  would  crown  the  result  by  the  declaration  of 
freedom  to  the  slaves." — Carpenter. 

552.  General  Grant  during  the  siege  of  the  place. 

553.  Stuart's.     He  had  succeeded  Stonewall  Jackson. 

554.  He  was  killed  by  his  own  men,  who  mistook  him 
for  a  Union  soldier  in  the  darkness. 

555.  Stonewall  Jackson  was  a  devout  Christian,  and  was 
often  found  at  prayer  in  his  tent.     His  old  body  servant  often 
said  he  ' '  could  tell  when  a  battle  was  at  hand  by  seeing  the 
general  get  up  a  great  many  times  in  the  night  to  pray." 

556.  Stonewall   Jackson  would  do  so,  even  while  giving 
command  at  intervals. 

557.  Stonewall  Jackson  said  this  to  his  sorrowing  wife 
when  .she  informed  him  that  his  chances  for  recovery  were 
very  doubtful. 

558.  "Let  iis  cross  over  the  river  and  rest  under  the 
shade  of  the  trees." 

559.  He  and  Pemberton  were  sitting  in  the  shade  of  a 
tree  negotiating  for  the  surrender  of  that  place. 

560.  At  Morris's  Island  piles  were  driven  into  the  mud, 
and  a  Parrott  gun,  throwing  150-pound  balls,  was  mounted 
upon  this  foundation.      The  gun  burst  at  the   thirty-sixth 
shot. 

561.  Abraham  Lincoln  delivered  this  address  on  the  bat- 
tle ground,  November  19,  1863.     We  quote  the  following 
memorable  words:    "We  cannot  consecrate  nor  hallow  this 
ground.     The  brave  men,   living  and  dead,  who  struggled 
here,   have  consecrated  it  far  above   our   power  to  add  or 
detract.     The  world  will  but  little  note,  nor  long  remember, 
what  we  say  here;  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here. 
It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  dedicate  ourselves  to  the 
unfinished  work  which  they  so  nobly  advanced.    To  consecrate 


232  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

ourselves  to  the  great  task  remaining,  and  to  gather  from  the 
graves  of  these  honored  dead  increased  devotion  to  that  cause 
for  which  they  gave  their  lives.  Here  let  us  resolve  that  they 
shall  not  have  died  in  vain;  that  this  nation  shall,  under  God, 
have  a  new  birth  of  freedom;  and  that  the  government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people  shall  not  perish  for- 
ever from  the  earth." 

562.  "If   to-day  were  not  the  fourth  of   July,  we  might 
think  of  it." 

563.  "Pooh!     They  can't  hit  an  elephant  at  that  dis- 
tance."    This  speech  was  occasioned  by  seeing  some  of  his 
men  wince  as  the  shrieking  balls  flew  by  them. 

564.  This  was  Grant's  telegram  to  Washington  as  he  ad- 
vanced "on  to  Richmond." 

565.  A  tenor  drum  containing  a  swarm  of  bees. 

566.  Gold   rose   to  5,900    per  cent,    in  Confederate  cur- 
rency. 

567.  Boston  Corbett  shot  John  Wilkes  Booth.     Harrold, 
who   aided  Booth;  Payne,  who  attacked  Seward;  Atzerott, 
who  was  to  have  killed  Johnson;  and  Mrs.  Surratt,  at  whose 
house  the  conspirators  held  their   meetings,    were   hanged. 
Arnold  and  McLaughlin,  who  were  also  accomplices,  and  Dr. 
Mudd,  who   dressed  Booth's  broken  limb,  were  imprisoned 
for  life.     Spangler,  who  assisted   the  assassin  in  his  escape, 
was  sentenced  for  six  years. 

568.  Andrew  Johnson  used  this  expression  frequently  in 
his  speeches  on  a  tour  through  the  United  States. 

569.  Henry  Wilson   went  to  Charles    Simmer    and    bor- 
rowed one  hundred  dollars  for  this  purpose. 

570.  He  believed  that  the  soul  took  up  its   abode   in  the 
body  of  some  beast  at  the  death  of  its  possessor. 

571.  Philadelphia,    York,   Lancaster,    Baltimore,    Ann- 
apolis, New  York  and  Washington  have   each  been  the  seat 
of  Congress. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  233 

572.  From    Russia,    in    1867.      We    paid    $7,200,000    in 
gold. 

573.  West  Virginia  was  formed  from  the  western   part 
of  the  State  of  Virginia. 

574.  Marie  Jean  Paul  Roch  Yoes   Gilbert  Motier,    Mar- 
quis de  La  Fayette.      Which  name  is  a  title? 

575.  No.     See  the  Constitution. 

576.  Abraham  Lincoln  was   considered  a  good   wrestler. 

577.  The  chief  justice  of  the  United  States. 

578.  Penn's  Elm  Tree,  under  which  he  made  his  famous 
treaty;  the  Charter  Oak,  in  which  the  charter  for  Connecti- 
cut was   preserved   from  the   New    England    tyrant,  and  the 
Boston  Elm,  on  Boston  Common. 

579.  The  president  receives  $50,000  as  his  annual  salary. 

580.  The  president  is  the  commander-in-chief  of  all  our 
forces.      See  Constitution. 

581.  See  No.  579;  then  solve. 

582.  General  Mifflin. 

583.  John    Adams   always   became   angry     when    he    at- 
tempted to  read  these  acts. 

584.  No.     The  theory  is  that  we   only  see  that   which  is 
reflected.     Thus,  we  say  an  object  is  red,  when  we  only  see 
this  color  reflected;  an  object  is  green,  when  this  color  is  re- 
flected, etc.     When   all  colors   are   reflected  to  the  eye,  we 
say  an  object  is  white — a  kind  of  compound  color.     When 
all  the  colors  are  absorbed  by  an  object,  we  say  it  is  black — 
an  absence  of  color. 

585.  Yes.   See  No.  584. 

586.  Mary  Newton  pressed  the  button,    which  completed 
the    circuit     of    electricity,     and    exploded  the     mine    of 
dynamite  intended  to  remove  the    dangerous    rocks    in    Hell 
Gate  passage,  New  York. 

587.  They  are  called  Albinos. 

588.  This  monument    is    ninety-eight  feet,  four  and  one- 
half  inches  in  height. 


234  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

589.  It  is  a  hollowed  rock  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

590.  There  are  two  from  each  State.     How  many  now? 

591.  The  Western  gold  and  silver  mines. 

592.  Chief  Justice  Roger  B.  Taney. 

593.  They  were  printed  on  red  paper. 

594.  The  Puritan  Sabbath  began  on  Saturday  evening. 

595.  The  Rev.  D.  P.  Gurley  preached  Lincoln's  funeral 
sermon. 

596.  In  June,  1782. 

597.  Delaware  is  so  called,  and  her  people  are  called  the 
Blue  Hen's  Chickens. 

598.  A  township  of  land  and  $200,000  in  money. 

599.  See  current  history. 

600.  See  current  history. 

601.  William  II.    Seward  was  stabbed    on    the    night    of 
Lincoln's  assassination. 

602.  North  Carolina  and  Rhode  Island. 

603.  It  is  an   historical    fact  that  John    Hancock  became 
wealthy  in  this  manner. 

604.  No.     See  the  Constitution. 

605.  It  has  been  said  that  if  his  soul  was   turned   wrong 
side  out  there  would  not  be  found  a  spot  upon  it. 

606.  An  extinct  race  of  people,  who  are  supposed  to  have 
built  the  mounds  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.     Did  you  ever 
see  one  of  these  mounds?     If   not,    please   find  a  picture   of 
one,  and  then  describe  it. 

607.  Snorre,   son   of  Thorn" nn   Karlsefni,  a  rich  man  and 
an  explorer. 

608.  Believing  that  it    had    its    source  in  the  Garden  of 
Eden,  he  named  it  the  Gihon. 

609.  The  original   and   now    the    poetic  name  for   Nova 
Scotia.     This  tract  of  country  was  granted  to  De  Monts  by 
Henry  IV.  of  France,  Nov.  8,  1603. 

610.  A  name  popularly  given  to  a  large  following  of  the 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  235 

Democratic  party  in  New  York  during  the  time  of  Monroe, 
John  Q.  Adams,  etc. 

611.  A  name  given  by  Drake  to  the  coast  of  the  Pacific. 

612.  This    is    one  of   Washington   Irving's  sayings,    and 
alludes  to  a  prevailing  passion  for  gain. 

613.  This    is    the    popular   name   given    to    the  State  of 
Wisconsin. 

614.  The  popular  name  for  the  State  of  Tennessee. 

615.  We  append  Hopkinson's  note  on  this  incident :  "  Cer- 
tain machines,  in  the  form  of  kegs,  charged  with  gunpowder, 
were  sent  down  the  river  to  annoy  the  British  shipping,  then 
at  Philadelphia.     The  danger  of  these  machines   being   dis- 
covered, the  British  manned  the  wharves  and  shipping,  and 
discharged  their  small  arms  and  cannons  at  everything  they 
saw  floating  in  the  river  during  the  ebb  tide. " 

616.  A  name  given    in   derision  of   the   regulations  and 
officious  supervision  of  the  government  of  New  Haven.     The 
version  that  they  were  so  called  on   account   of   their   being 
printed  on  blue  paper  is  not  strictly  authentic,  as  they  were 
first  printed  on  a  straw-colored  parchment.      The  author  con- 
siders Professor  Kingsley's  note  on  this  subject  as  embracing 
the  facts  sought  for:  "After  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.", 
the  Puritans  became  the  subjects  of  every   kind  of  reproach 
and  contumely.     The  epithet  blue  was  applied  to  every  one 
who  looked  with  disapprobation   upon   the   licentiousness  of 
the  time.     The   Presbyterians,  under  which   name   all   dis- 
senters were   often  included,  were  more  particularly  desig- 
nated by  this  term.     Thus,  Butler: 

"  For  his  religion  it  was  fit 
To  match  his  learning  and  his  wit — 
'Twas  Presbyterian  true  blue. 

— H0DIBRA8. 

"That  this  epithet  of  derision  should  find  its  way  to  the 
colonies  was  a  matter  of  course.  It  was  here  applied,  not 
only  to  persons,  but  to  customs,  institutions  and  laws  of  the 


236  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Puritans,  by  those  who  wished  to  render  the  prevailing  sys- 
tem ridiculous.  Hence,  probably,  a  belief  with  some  that  a 
distinct  system  of  laws,  known  as  the  '  blue  laws,'  must  have, 
somewhere,  a  local  habitation."  — KIXGSLEY. 

61 7.  This  is  a  cant  name  for  the  State  of  Delaware.     This 
sobriquet  is  said  to  have  had  its  origin  in  a  certain  Captain 
Caldwell's  fondness  for  the  amusement  of  cock-fighting.     He 
always  insisted  that  no  cock  was  truly  game  unless  the  mother 
was  a  blue  hen,  and  hence  the  name  Blue  Hen  State  and  Blue 
Hen's  Chickens. 

618.  Burgoyne  was  so  called  in  a  popular  ballad  of  1792. 

619.  A  colored  man  named  Crispus  Attucks. 

620.  When  General  Washington  took  command  of  the 
army  in  the  Revolutionary  War  he  found  it  very  difficult  to 
secure  ammunition,  supplies,  etc.     On  one  occasion,  at  a  con- 
sultation of  officers  in  which  this  vexed  question  came  up  for 
discussion,   and  there  seemed  no  solution  of  the  problem, 
Washington  exclaimed:  "We  must  consult  Brother  Jonathan 
on  the  subject."      (The  Brother  Jonathan  was  none  other 
than  Jonathan  Trumbull,   Governor  of  Connecticut.)      Mr. 
Trumbull  was  consulted,  and  furnished  the  needed  supplies. 
When  difficulties  of  this  nature  arose    it  was  customary  to  re- 
peat Washington's  words,  and  finally  the  origin  of  the  ex- 
pression was  forgotten,   and  Brother  Jonathan  has  become 
our  national  sobriquet. 

621.  Ohio  is  so  called  from  the  buckeye  tree  (^Esculus 
flava). 

622.  The  term  originated  in  the  sixteenth  Congress,  dur- 
ing the  debates  on  the  "Missouri Question."     Felix  Walker, 
an  old  mountaineer,  who  was  a  representative  in  this  Congress 
from  a  county  in  his  district  in  North  Carolina,  called   Bun- 
combe, arose  to  speak,  when  his  friends   insisted  upon  his 
silence,  but  he  continued  to  speak,   saying  that   he  "  must 
speak  for  Buncombe."  Thus  the  phrase,  "All  for  Buncombe. " 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  237 

623.  This  is  a  cant  term  for  the  Chinese.     First  used  in 
London,  1879. 

624.  Dr.  Timothy  D wight  is  probably  the  author  of  the 
term.     See : 

"  Columbia,  Columbia,  to  glory  arise, 
The  queen  of  the  world  and  the  child  of  the  skies." 

The  ballad  "Hail  Columbia "  was  written  by  Joseph  Hop- 
kinson  for  an  actor  named  Fox,  in  1789. 

625.  Kentucky  is  known  as  the  Corncracker  State.     Its 
inhabitants  are  called  Corncrackers. 

626.  One  of  Washington  Irving's    favorite  characters, 
whose  adventures  are  chronicled  in  the   ' '  Legend  of  Sleepy 
Hollow." 

627.  May  19,  1780,  all  of  New  England  was  suddenly 
obscured  by  a  dense  fog-cloud,   lasting  from    10  A.  M.  till 
midnight  of  the  next  day.     The  darkness  was  so  great  that 
candles  were  kept  burning  at  midday,  and  the  animals  went 
to  sleep  as  at  night. 

628.  Originally  it  was  an  imaginary  place  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  Southern  States,  where  the  negro  supposed 
was  a  perfect  paradise.     It  now  designates  the  whole  of  the 
Southern  States. 

629.  Elihu  Burritt,  who  began  life  as  a  blacksmith,  but 
finally  became  a  noted  linguist. 

630.  Two  English    surveyors  named  Mason  and  Dixon 
surveyed  the  line  between  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ginia, and  from  this  fact  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke,  was 
wont  to  use  the  term  in  his  speeches  on  the  slavery  question. 
From  his  frequent  allusion  to  the  line,  others  took  it  up,  and 
it  soon  became  common. 

631.  Thomas  II.  Benton  was  so  called  from  his  advocacy 
of  gold  and  silver  as  the  only  circulating  medium  as  money. 

632.  James  Buchanan  was  thus  called  from  his  so  styl- 
ing himself  in  his  annual  message  of  1859. 

633.      Abraham  Lincoln.      Why? 


238  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

634.  It  is  a  popular  way  of  saying  that  a  candidate  for 
office  has  been  defeated.   The  phrase  has  its  origin  in  the  fact 
that  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  is  a  very  difficult  stream  to  navi- 
gate, owing  to  its  rapid  descent  and  tortuous  course,  and  the 
real  phrase  applies  to  the  person  who  undertakes  to  row  up 
this  stream;  but  we  now  apply  it  as  above. 

635.  In  the  early  explorations  of  its  prairies,  the  traveler 
frequently  suffered  for  want  of  water,  but  he  soon  learned  to 
carry  a  hollow  reed  or  tube  with  him,  which  he  could  thrust 
downward  into  the  holes  made  by  the  crawfish,  and  therefrom 
draw  the  cooling  liquid.   From  this  he  was  called  a  "  Sucker." 

636.  Messrs.  Ebenezer  and  Samuel  Wilson  were  engaged 
by  Elbert  Anderson  of  New  York  to  go  to  Troy,  and  ship  such 
provisions,  supplies,  etc.,  as  he  might  contract  for,  to  the 
different  military  posts  in  the  War  of  1812.   In  marking  these 
goods  for  transportation  they  used  the  initials  "E.  A.,  U.  S." 
When  asked  the  signficance  of  these  letters,  a  facetious  fellow 
remarked  that  he  did  not  know  unless  they  meant   "Elbert 
Anderson  and  Uncle  Sam."     (He  alluded  to  Uncle  Samuel 
Wilson,    as    he  was   then  called.)     Thus   "  U.   S."   became 
Uncle  Sam. 

637.  The  Hon.  Thomas  Corwin,  of  Ohio,  was  so   called 
from  the  fact  that  he  drove  a  team  with  Harrison's  army  in 
the  War  of  1812. 

638.  A  tract  of  3,666,922  acres  of  land,  reserved  by  Con- 
necticut at  the  cession  of  the  Northwest  Territory.   Connecti- 
cut relinquished  jurisdiction  over  it  in  1800,  but  reserved  the 
right  to  sell  the  land  in  small  lots. 

639.  It  is  built  of  freestone,  but  painted  white;  hence  the 
appellation. 

640.  General  Washington. 

641 .  Ask  your  teacher,  and  if  he  does  not  know,  have  him 
find  out  and  report. 

642.  His  sick  wife  was    carried  through  the  wilderness. 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  239 

643.  He  was  hanged  after  being  tried  and   convicted  for 
murder. 

644.  Tennessee  has  a  clause  in   the  State  Constitution  to 
that  effect. 

645.  LaFayette  S.  Foster  served  the  first  two  years,  then 
Benjamin  F.  Wade  the  remainder  of  the  term. 

646.  Twenty  cents  per  mile. 

647.  It  was  only  recognized  as  a  belligerent  confederacy, 
nothing  more. 

648.  George  Washington,  April  30,  1879;  James  Monroe, 
second  term,  March   5,  1821;  John  Tyler,    April    6,    1841; 
Zachary  Taylor,  March  5,  1849;  Millard  Fillmore,   July   10, 
1850;  Andrew  Johnson,  April  15,  1865;  Rutherford  B.  Hayes, 
March  5,  1877;  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Sept.  20,  1881. 

649.  His  remains  were  taken  to  West  Point,  where  a 
monument  marks  his  resting  place. 

650.  The  '  'Great  Eastern, "  built  by  Scott  Russell,  at  Max- 
well-on-the-Thames,  England.     Work  was  commenced  May 
1,  1854,  and  the  vessel  was  launched  Nov.   3,  1857.     Her 
length  was  680  feet;  breadth,  118  feet;  height,  58  feet;  total 
weight,  12,000  tons.      This  vessel  laid  the  Atlantic  cable. 

651.  The  late  George  F.  Root,  of  Chicago. 

652.  He  was  buried  in  the  shade  of  some  willows  in  the 
grounds  of   the  arsenal   at  Washington.     The  grave  was  un- 
marked and  its  location  known  to  but  few.     In  1866,  Edwin 
Booth,  the  actor,  applied  through  Mr.  Weaver,  the  sexton  of 
Christ  Church,   Baltimore,  for  his  brother's   remains.      The 
request  was  granted  by   President  Johnson,  and  the   remains 
were  secretly  taken  to  a  cemetery  in  Baltimore  where  they  were 
interred  beside  those  of  his  father.     Booth's  brain,  heart  and 
some  bones  taken  from  his  leg  are  on  exhibition  at  the  Army 
Medical  Museum  at  Washington. 

653.  Near  Greensburg,   Indiana.     If  the  United  States 
were  a  plain  surface  without  weight,  but  capable  of  sustaining 


240  UNITKD    STATES    HISTORY. 

our  population,  a  pivot  upon  which  it  would  exactly  balance 
would  represent  the  center  of  population.  (This  assumes  that 
all  persons  are  of  the  same  weight.) 

654.  Mary  Dyer  was  hanged  at  this  place  in  1660.     She 
was  a  member  of  the  society  of  Friends. 

655.  Obed  Hussy  of   Cincinnati  patented  the   first  reaper 
in  1833.     In  1834,  McCormick  patented  his  improved  reaper. 
W.  H.  Seymour  of  New  York  patented  the  self  rake  in  1851. 

656.  Yes,  he  can  make  out  his   papers   on   pension  days 
and  receive  his  check. 

657.  He  was  arrested,  sent   to   England,    tiled   and   exe- 
cuted in  1701. 

658.  No.     See  the  Constitution. 

659.  No.    They  must  work  it  out  or  pay  for  it. 

660.  No.    They  are  not   required  to  give  bond,  but  the 
treasurer   of   the   United   States   gives   bond  in  a  penalty  of 
$150,000. 

661.  Mrs.    Hayes  was   the   first   to    entirely  suppress  it. 
Mrs.  Grant  succeeded   in  abolishing  it  at  her   own   private 
table,  but  it  was  still  used  in  State  dinners. 

662.  By   a    delegate,    as    in    the    case    of    any    other 
Territory. 

663.  The  five  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  were  Clifford, 
Strong,  Miller,  Field  and  Bradley.     The   five  senators  were 
Edmunds,  Morton,  Freylinghuysen,  Thurman   and  Bayard. 
The   five   congressmen  were  Payne,    Hunton,  Abbott,  Gar- 
field  and  Hoar. 

664.  There  are  five.     Situated  at  Philadelphia,  New  Or- 
leans, Denver,  Carson  and  San  Francisco. 

665.  President  Hayes  was  so  called.     Why? 

666.  He  received  $25,000  per  annum   for   his   first   term 
and  $50,000  per   annum   for   his  second  term.     What  is  the 
amount? 

667.  From   the   power   in   him  vested  as  commander-in- 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  241 

chief  of  our  armies  and  as  a   means    of    suppressing   the  Re- 
bellion. 

(508.   Senator  Edmunds  of  Vermont. 

669.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  was   chosen    by   an   Electoral 
Commission. 

670.  March  4,  1883,  falling   on  Sunday,    he    resigned  in 
order  that   the  Senate   might   elect   its   president   and   thus 
avoid  the  consequent  vacancy  in  office. 

671.  The    "  Vittoria,"    commanded    by    Sebastian    Del 
Carro,  one  of  Magellan's   officers.     Magellan   was    killed  at 
the  Philippine  Islands. 

672.  The  commission  consisted  of  Major-General    David 
Hunter,  Major-Generals  Lew  Wallace  and  August  V.  Kantz, 
Brigadier-Generals  A.  P.   Home,    R.    S.    Foster,    James   A. 
Ekin,   Thomas  M.  Harris,  Colonel  Chas.   H.    Tompkius   and 
Brevet- Colonel  D.  R.  Clendennin. 

673.  They   are   taken  down  and  trailed  over  the  stern  of 
the  vessel. 

674.  Martin  Van  Buren  did  not  call  for   his   salary    until 
the  expiration  of  his  term. 

fi75.  Washington  left  an  estate  valued  at  eight  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  Van  Buren  was  the  next  in  order  of 
wealth  having  property  to  the  value  of  four  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars.  Cleveland  retired  very  wealthy. 

676.  Each  stripe  should  be  one-half  as  many  inches    wide 
as  the  flag  is  feet  long.     The   field   should  be   one-third    the 
length  of  the  flag  and  seven  stripes  in  width.     The  infantry 
company  flag  is  six  feet  by  six  and  one-half. 

677.  Two  million  eight  hundred  and  forty-two   thousand 
seven  hundred  and  forty-eight. 

678.  The   Pullman   Car   Company  purchased    it  and  re- 
moved it  to  Pullman,  Cook  County,   111. 

079.  Lieutenant  J.  G.  Dickinson  and  Corporal  Munger, 
of  Colonel  Pritchard's  troops. 


•24-2  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

680.  Yes.     The  hundred  thousand  dollars  was  distributed 
among  the  soldiers  concerned  in  his  capture. 

681.  He  killed  Charles  Dickinson  in  a  duel. 

682.  Companies  A  and  G,  of   the   Fourth   Illinois   Regi- 
ment, were  the  first  to  reach  Santa   Anna's  carriage  contain- 
ing his  cork  leg.     Private  Abe  Waldren,  of  Company  G,  first 
laid  hands  on  it.     Sergeant  John  M.  Gill  and  Privates  Sam  and 
Frank  Rhodes  purchased  the  leg  of  Waldren  for  a  sum  of  money 
and  brought  it  to  Pekin,  111.     In  1812  they  sent  it  by  General 
McCook  of  Washington  City,  where  it  was  deposited  in  the 
patent  office.     It  is  now  in  the  Capitol  at  Springfield,  111. 

683.  It  refers  to  the  vote  of  the  electoral   commission   in 
which  the  eight  Republicans  voted  for  Hayes  and   the   seven 
Democrats  for  Tilden.     (Figuratively  speaking.) 

684.  The  "stars  and  bars  "  was  adopted  in  1861,  by  the 
Confederate  Congress.     It  was  composed  of  three  horizontal 
bars  of  equal  width,  the  middle  one  of  which  was  white,  the 
other  two  red,  and  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner    was  a   blue 
square  with   nine  white  stars  arranged  in   a  circle.     Several 
changes  were  made  from  time  to  time,  but  the  general  make- 
up remained  the  same  till  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  Johnson. 

685.  Yes.     New   Hampshire  abolished    slavery     by    the 
adoption  of  her  new  Constitution  in  1783.    Vermont  abolished 
it  in  the  same  manner  in  1777.     Massachusetts  framed  a  con- 
stitution in  1780,  that  had  the  effect   of   abolishing  slavery. 
Rhode  Island  provided  a  by-law  that  all  persons  born  in  that 
State  after  March,  1784,  should  be  free.     In  1784    Connecti- 
cut passed   an   act   providing  for   the   gradual  abolition  of 
slavery.     New  York  provided  for   gradual  emancipation   in 
1799.     In  1817  an  act  was  passed  declaring  all   persons   free 
after  July  4,  1824.     In  1804,  New  Jersey  passed   a   gradual 
emancipation  act,  but  it  went  into  force   very   slowly.     The 
census   of    1840    shows   674    slaves    in   the  State.     In   1780 
Pennsylvania  passed  a  gradual  emancipation  act. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  243 

686.  "  Vengeance  is  mine!  I  will  repay,  saith  the  Lord/' 

687.  In  the  year    1866,  frost  occurred    throughout  New 
England  and  the   Middle   States   every    month.     Ice  formed 
one-half  an  inch  thick  in  May.    A  furious  snow  storm  visited 
Massachusetts  in  June,  and  ice  was  formed  in  Vermont,   New 
York,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Hampshire  on  July  5. 

688.  A  farmer  of  Hispaniola   named  Nunez   de   Balboa, 
discoverer   of   the    Pacific    Ocean,  -  had    himself  packed  in  a 
hogshead  and  labeled,  "  Victuals  for  the  voyage." 

689.  The    Democrats  elected  to  this    office    were   Jeffer- 
son, Madison,    Monroe,   Jackson,  Van  Buren,  Polk,    Pierce, 
Buchanan  and  Cleveland. 

690.  No    fixed  number  is  required.     A  Territory  is  ad- 
mitted as  a  State  whenever  Congress  votes  to  have  it  admitted. 

691.  Because  the  Constitution  so  provides.     This  instru- 
ment contemplates  the  election  of  this  officer    by  States   and 
not  by  the  popular  majority. 

692.  He  may  be.      There  is  no  provision  in  the  Constitu- 
tion against  this. 

693.  The  vice-president  is  merely  the  presiding  officer  of 
the  Senate,  not  even  having  a  vote  except  in  a  tie. 

694.  Two  hundred  and  ninety-four. 

695.  A  vessel  employed  to  guard  against  smuggling. 

696.  A  copyright  is  an  exclusive  privilege  given  to   any 
citizen,  or  resident  of  the  U.  S. ,  to  print,  publish  or  sell  any 
book,  map,  chart,  engraving  or  musical  composition  of  which 
he  or  she  is  the  author  or  proprietor. 

69*7.  It  is  the  title  of  an  organization  chartered  originally 
by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  1859,  with  the  intention  of 
conducting  a  general  loan  and  contract  business.  It  was  re- 
organized in  1864  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  stock- 
holdei's  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  to  construct  the  road 
without  incurring  any  pecuniary  liability  in  case  of  failure. 
Finally  it  was  developed  that  congressmen  had  vo,ted  for 


244  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

these  measures,  in  which  they  were  interested,  thus  securing 
large  dividends. 

698.  Mr.  Hamilton,  during  Burr's  candidacy  for  the  gov- 
ernorship of  New  York,  had  \\  ritten  a  friend  that  he  believed 
Burr  to  be  a  dangerous  man  and  one  not  to  be  trusted  with 
power.     The  letter  coming  to  Burr's  notice,  he  challenged 
Hamilton  to  fight  a  duel. 

699.  He  was  thrown  from  a  wagon  which  caused  his  death. 

700.  Washington   sent   her  to   New  York,   from  which 
place  she  went  to  England  and  joined  her  husband.     Arnold 
died  in  1801  and  his  wife  in  1804. 

701.  England  furnished  the  Leopard  and  the  Agamemnon, 
and  the  United  States  furnished  the  Niagara  and  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

702.  Because  it  was  reserved  by  Connecticut  when  the 
states  along  the  Atlantic  coast  relinquished  their  claims. 

703.  Generals   Dodge,    Atkinson   and  Taylor  had  com- 
mand at  different  times  under  General  Scott. 

704.  When  a  State  is  districted  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
termining the  counties  in  a  certain  district,  it  often  happens 
that  there  is  an  excess  of  the  required  population  in  each 
district.     When  the  total  of   this  excess  reaches  the  required 
apportionment,  then  the  State  is  entitled  to  a  congressman-at- 
large. 

705.  David  R.  Locke,  of  the  Toledo  Blade  (1883). 

706.  Abraham  Lincoln  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

707.  Secretary  of  State. 

708.  The   British   government   paid  it   to    Sir   Edward 
Thornton  and  E.  M.  Archibald,  Ministers  at  Washington. 
These   ministers   in  turn  paid  it  to  our  government.     The 
draft  was  endorsed  as  follows:  "Pay  to  the  joint  order  of 
H.  B.  M.  Minister  and  Charge  d' Affaires  at  Washington. 

"DREXEL,  MORGAN  &  Co- 
"  MORTON,  BLISS  &  Co. 
"JAY,  COOKE  &  Co. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEiJR    QUERIES.  245 

"  Pay  to  the  order  of  Hamilton  Fish,  Secretary  of  State. 

"EDWARD  THORNTON,  H.  B.  M.  Minister. 

"E.  M.  ARCHIBALD,  H.  B.  M.  Charge  cP  Affaires. 
' '  Pay  to  the  order  of  William  A.  Richardson,  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  "  HAMILTON  FISH." 

709.  These  inaugurations  are  attended  with  more  or  less 
civic  and  military  display,  and  these  displays  would  not  be 
appropriate  on  the  Sabbath. 

710.  It  is  an  association  of  papers  for  the  collection  and 
distribution  of  news  of  interest  to  the  reading  public. 

711.  It  is  a  non-political  and  non-sectarian  organization  of 
ex-soldiers  of  the  late  Rebellion  for  the  purpose  of  rendering 
assistance  to  needful  worthy  associates  and  to   the  widows 
and  orphans  of  soldiers,  and  for  the  encouragement  of  patri- 
otic sentiments,  social  intercourse,  etc.,  among  its  members. 

712.  Yes,  they  must  serve  for  a  term  of   eight  years  un- 
less sooner  discharged. 

713.  Where  the  murder  is  committed  with  malice  and 
full  intent  it  is  termed  murder  of  the  first  degree.     In  cases 
where  there  seems  to  be  some  reasonable  excuse  or  some  ex- 
tenuating circumstances  it  is  classed   in  the  second  or  the 
third  degree. 

714.  "  C.  C."  indicates   that   the   coin  was  made  at  the 
mint  of  Carson  City;  "O."  at  New  Orleans,  and    "S."  at 
San  Francisco.     Philadelphia  uses  no  lettering. 

715.  He  was  shot  in  the  Marshall  House  by  its  proprietor, 
Mr.  Jackson,  who,  in  turn,  was  shot  by  one  of  Ellsworth's 
soldiers,  named  Brownell. 

716.  The  first  ten  were  ratified  by  the  several  legislatures. 
November  20,  1789,  and  December  15,  1791.     The  eleventh 
was  ratified  January  8,  1798.     The  twelfth  was  ratified  in 
1804.     The   thirteenth   was   ratified   by  December  6,  1865. 
The  fourteenth,  by  July  13,  1868.     The  fifteenth,   by  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1870. 


246  UNITKD    STATKS    H1STOKY. 

717.  No,  but  the  States  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey 
indicted  him  for  murder. 

718.  It  is  a  sub-department,  i.  e.,  a  branch  of  a  depart- 
ment for  a  special  purpose. 

719.  A  battery  consists  of  six  guns  and  one  hundred  men. 

720.  September  24,  1869. 

721.  It  was  a  grand  display  of  "  shooting  stars"  on  the 
morning  of  November  13,  1833.     We  quote  from  Professor 
Olmsted  as  follows:   "  The  first  appearance  was  that  of  fire- 
works of  the  most  imposing  grandeur,  covering   the   entire 
vault  of  heaven  with  myriads  of  fireballs   resembling  sky- 
rockets.    Their  coruscations  were  bright,  gleaming  and  in- 
cessant, and  they  fell  thick  as  the  flakes  of   the  early  snows 
of  December.     To  the  splendors  of  this  celestial   exhibition 
the  most  splendid  sky-rockets  and  fireworks  of   art  bear  less 
relation  than  the  twinkling  of  the  most  tiny  star  to  the  broad 
glare  of  the  sun." 

722.  February  20,  1863,  by  act  of  Congress. 

723.  In  a  minority  representation  where  there  are  three 
candidates  to  be  elected  a  man  may  cast  one  vote  for  each  of 
three  persons,  three  for  one  candidate,  or  one  and  one-half 
for  each  of  any  two.     Do  you   know  of  a  case  in  which  the 
above  is  exemplified? 

724.  The   name   originated  from  the   story   of  a  Dutch 
farmer  who  burned  his  barn  to  clear  it  of  rats.     The  Barn- 
burners were  an  offshoot  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  op- 
posed to  the  extension  of  slavery. 

725.  A  lodge  of  Free  Masons,  in  1733,  organized  at  Bos- 
ton by  Lord  Montague. 

726.  They  called  it  "killikinick." 

727.  He  took  an  early  train,  and  simply  wore  a  Scotch 
cloak. 

728.  Yes;  he  visited  the  region  of  the  Orinoco  in  1595. 

729.  New  York.     It  has  five. 

i30.   Illinois  pays  more  than  any  other  State. 


ANSWEES    TO    ^UEEK    QUERIES.  247 

731.  When  Washington  took  the  reins  of  government  he  had 
three  cabinet  officers,  viz. :  the  secretary  of  foreign  affairs,  now 
secretary  of  state,  secretary  of  the  treasury  and  the  attorney- 
general.   The  department  of  war  and  the  navy  were  created  in 
August,  1789.  In  April,  1798,  it  was  divided  into  two  depart- 
ments.  The  head  of  the  post-office  department  became  a  member 
of  the  cabinet  in  1829;  the  department  of  the  interior  was  rep- 
resented in  the  cabinet  in  1849,  the  department  of  agriculture 
in  1862. 

732.  John  Ericsson  designed  the  iron-clad  Monitor. 

733.  The   government  of  a   Territory  is   established   by 
Congress.     The  president  nominates  and  the  senate  confirms 
the  governor,  secretary  and  judges  of  the  courts.     Congress 
passes  all  general  laws  for  the  government  of  the  inhabitants. 

734.  Yes.     This  body  is  elected  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Territory,  and  takes  charge  of  its  local  interests. 

735.  Delegates  are  elected  to  a  Constitutional  Convention. 
A  Constitution  is  prepared  and  submitted  to  a  popular  vote  of 
the  people  of   the  Territory.     If  the  vote  is  favorable,  then 
the  State  is  ready  for  admission,  which  is  left  to  Congress. 

736.  The  official  register  of  the  names  of  the  officers  of  the 
government  is  called  the  "Blue  Book."   It  is  published  every 
two  years,  by  authority  of  an  act  of  Congress  passed  in  1816. 

737.  The  flag  of   the  United  States. 

738.  Mrs.  Ross,  of  No.  239  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 

739.  The  Hon.  George  Ross,  a  relative  of  hers,  suggested 
that  he  go  with  the  committee  having  this  matter  under  con- 
sideration to  her  house  and  ask  her  to  do  the  sewing  upon  it. 
He  was  permitted  to  do  so,  and  thus  she  has  the  honor  of 
making  the  first  flag. 

740.  It  indicates  the  authority  of  the  government,  and  is 
used  only  by  the  secretary  of  state. 

741.  Benjamin  Franklin,  John  Adams  and  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  report  a  device  for  a 


H48  UNITED    STATUS    HISTORY. 

seal  in  1776.  They  reported  August  10,  1776,  but  for  some 
reason  Congress  never  acted  upon  this  report.  Another  com- 
mittee was  appointed  in  1779,  and  reported  May  10,  1780. 
The  report  was  not  accepted  and  the  committee  ordered  to 
make  another  trial.  This  committee  was  released  the  next 
year.  A  third  committee  was  appointed  in  1782,  but  did  not 
succeed  iii  agreeing  upon  a  device.  The  matter  was  referred 
to  Charles  Thompson,  Secretary  of  Congress,  but  his  device 
failed  to  receive  the  sanction  of  Congress.  Finally,  Sir  John 
Prestwitch,  of  England,  handed  John  Adams  an  appropriate 
device,  which  was  forwarded  to  Thompson.  He  presented 
this  design  to  Congress,  and  it  was  adopted  in  June,  1782. 

742.  Thirteen  perpendicular  pieces,  white  and  red;  a  blue 
field;  the  escutcheon  displayed  on  the  breast  of  the  American 
eagle,  holding  in  his  right  talon  an  olive  branch,  and  in  his 
left   a  bundle  of  thirteen  arrows;  in  his  beak  a  scroll  con- 
taining the  motto,  "  E  Pluribus  Unum"  over  the  head  of 
the  eagle,  a  golden  glory  breaking  through  a  cloud,  and  con- 
taining  thirteen  stars,    forming   a   constellation.      Draw   as 
much  of  this  as  you  can  from  the  above  description. 

743.  We  have  but  one.     This  is  located  at  West  Point. 

744.  He  was  wounded  by  an  arrow  shot  by  a  native,  near 
Morocco,  in  Africa. 

745.  This  noted  bell  was  first  cast  in  England  for  the  old 
State  House  in  Philadelphia,  in  1751.     In  1752  it  was  badly 
cracked  by  a  heavy  stroke  of  the  clapper,  and  on  this  account 
it  was  re-cast  in  1758. 

746.  It  was  carried  to  Bethlehem  in  1777  to  keep  it  from 
falling  into  the  hands  of   the  British.     It  was  not  restored  to 
its  old  place  until  July  8,  1835.     It  was  broken  while  tolling 
the  funeral  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall. 

747.  Prof.  J.  L.  Campbell,  of  Wabash  College,  Indiana, 
first  wrote  a  letter  to  Hon.  Morton  McMichael,  Mayor  of  Phila- 
delphia, surest  ing  that  July  4,  1876,  would  be  an  appro- 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  249 

priate  time,  and  the  City  of  Brotherly  Love  a  fit  place  to 
have  the  world's  jubilee.  In  November,  1868,  he  wrote  a 
second  letter  to  Mayor  McMichael,  urging  the  same  proposi- 
tion. 

748.  John  L.  Shoemaker  introduced  a  resolution  before 
the  city  council  of  Philadelphia  on  January   20,  1869.     The 
Pennsylvania    legislature    endorsed   the   resolution.     D.    J. 
Morrell  presented  a  bill  to  Congress,  asking  for  aid  in  the 
project,  and  it  was  passed  March  3,  1871,  and  thus  the  initia- 
tory steps  were  taken   for   holding    ' '  the   grandest   World's 
Fair  on  record." 

749.  Yes,  but  the  fossil  remains  of  the  horse  found  on 
this  continent  as  far  back  as  the  Eocene  strata.     These  fos- 
sils  are   frequently  found  and  classified  in  order  of  age  as 
follows : 

HORSE    QUATERNARY. 


Pliocene 
Miocene 


Pilohippus 

Protohippus 

Miohippus 

Mesohippus 

Orohippus 

Eohippus 

NOTE. — See  dictionary  for  the  meaning  of  above  terms. 

750.  It  is  now  known  that  the  horse  had  been  long  since 
extinct  when  America  was  discovered. 

751.  John  Quincy  Adams,  who  served  so  long,  was  never 
tardy  at  roll-call,  but  was  always  found  in  his  seat  at  that 
time.     On  a  certain  occasion  as  the  clock  struck  the  hour  for 
commencement  of  the  session,  a  member  asked  the  Speaker 
if  he  should  not  call  the  House  to  order,  but  he  replied,  "No, 
sir,  Mr.  Adams  is  not  in  his  seat  yet."     Just  then  he  ap- 
peared, and  it  was  shown  that  the  clock  was  three  minutes 
too  fast. 


850  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

75a.   Henry   Clay;  by   his  Missouri  Compromise,    Tariff 
Bill  and  Omnibus  Bill. 

753.  John  Quincy  Adams. 

754.  On  April  13,  1638,  at  Quinipiae,  Connecticut.    New 
Haven  was  soon  afterward  founded  at  this  place. 

755.  This  little  State  was  formerly  composed  of  two  set- 
tlements,  viz.,    Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations. 
These  were  united  in  1643   by  a  patent  obtained  through  the 
influence  of  Roger  Williams,  and  thus  remained  until  1663, 
when  they  received  a  charter  from  Charles  II,  incorporating 
the  two  colonies  as  "  Rhode  Island  and   Providence  Planta- 
tions."    This  charter  was  the  Constitution  until  1842.     Dur- 
ing colonial  times  the  legislature  met  alternately  at  Newport 
and  Providence,  and  when  the  new  Constitutions  were  adopted, 
these  capitals  were  retained. 

756.  Missouri  contains  Iron  Mountain  and  Pilot  Knob, 
two  immense  piles  of   rich  ore. 

757.  Biography  treats  of  persons,  and  history  of  nations. 

758.  The  Americans  had  burned  some   Canadian  villages 
on  the  frontier,  and  this  was  done  in  retaliation. 

759.  Spies  were  hanged  during  the  Revolution,  as   this 
was  considered  an  ignominious  death.      Soldiers  were  shot. 

760.  A  little  over  three  hours.     Chief  Justice  Salmon  P. 
Chase  administered   the  oath  of  oftice  to  Andrew  Johnson  at 
eleven  o'clock  April  15,  1865. 

761.  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN, 

Sixteenth  president  of  the  United  States. 

Born  February  12,  1809. 

Died  April  15,  1865. 

762.  William  Hunter  was  appointed  at  a  cabinet  meeting 
called  by  President  Johnson   immediately  after  he  took  the 
oath. 


ANSWERS    TO    <4UEEK    QUERIES.  251 

768.  PALL  BEARERS.  PALL   BEARERS. 

Of  the  Senate.  Of  the  House. 

Foster,  Conn.  Dawes,  Mass. 

Morgan,  N.  Y.  Coffroth,  Penn. 

Johnson,  Md.  Smith,  Ky. 

Yates,  111.  Colfax,  Ind. 

Wade,  O.  Worthington,  Nev. 

Conness,  Cal.  Washburn,  111. 

Army.  Navy. 

U.  S.  Grant.  D.  G.  Farragut. 

H.  W.  Halleck,  W.  B.  Shubrick. 

W.  A.  Nichols.  Jacob  Zeilen. 

Civilians. 

O.  H.  Browning.  Thomas  Corwin. 

Geo.  Ashmun.  Simon  Cameron. 

764.  Harrison  and  Taylor  had  lain  in  state  in  the  same 
room  to  which  Lincoln  was  carried  after  his  death. 

765.  Tickets  were  issued  to  six  hundred  persons,  and  only 
they  were  admitted.     The  form  of  the  ticket  was  as  follows: 

SOUTH. 

Admit  the  bearer  to  the 
EXECUTIVE  MANSION, 
On  Wednesday,  the  19th  of  April,  1865. 

766.  Bishop  Matthew  Simpson  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church. 

767.  The  penalty  of   the  bond  was   $100,000.     Among 
those  who  signed  it  were  Horace  Greeley,  Cornelius  Vander- 
bilt,  John  Minor  Botts  and  Gerrit  Smith. 

768.  Yes.     Through  the  generosity  of  W.  W.  Corcoran, 
of  Washington  City,  the  author  of  "Home,  Sweet  Home  " 
will  have  a  iieat  monument  erected    to   his  memory.     The 
monument  is  to  be  of  Carrara  marble,  resting  on  a  base  of 
gray  granite,  and  surmounted  by  a  bust  one  and  one-half  the 


252  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

size  of  the  average.  The  entire  height  will  be  twelve  feet, 
and  the  base  six  feet  square.  The  plinth  and  capital  will  be 
carved,  but  there  will  be  no  display.  The  style  is  old 
Roman,  and  a  good  specimen  of  classical  art.  (Draw  your 
ideal  of  this  monument.) 

769.  Any  graveyard  may  be  so  called,  but  the  term  is 
usually  applied  to  large  enclosures  for  this  purpose. 

770.  Six   snow-white  horses   drew   the  hearse    in  which 
rested  the  remains  af  President  Lincoln. 

771.  Dr.  Charles  R.  Brown. 

772.  Thaddeus  Stevens  was  observed  standing  alone  on  a 
large  rock  as  the  funeral   car  approached  Lancaster.       It   is 
worthy  of  note  that  James   Buchanan  was  noticed  in  his  car- 
riage at  the  depot  of  this  place. 

773.  Into  the  old  Independence    Hall.       His   body   was 
placed  on  a  platform  with  his  feet  to  the  north  and  his  head 
very  near  the  pedestal  which  supports  the  old  Liberty  Bell. 

774.  Sixteen;  each  horse  led  by  a  groom. 

775.  One  side  showed  "Abraham  Lincoln,  our    Emanci- 
pator, "  on  the  other,    "To  millions  of  bondsmen  he  liberty 
gave." 

776.  William  Cullen  Bryant,  the  poet,  wrote  this  poem. 
Dr.  Osgood  read  it  at  the  funeral  services  in  New  York  City, 
April  25,  1865.  The  ode  is  as  follows: 

"  Oh,  slow  to  smite  and  swift  to  spare, 

Gentle, and  merciful,  and  just, 
Who,  in  the  fear  of  God,  did'st  bear 

The  sword  of  power,  a  nation's  trust. 

"  In  sorrow,  by  thy  bier  we  stand 

Amid  the  awe  that  hushes  all, 
And  speak  the  anguish  of  a  land 

That  shook  with  horror  at  thy  fall. 

"Thy  task  is  done,  the  bound  are  free; 

We  bear  thee  to  an  honored  grave 
Whose  noblest  monument  shall  be 

The  broken  fetters  of  the  slave. 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES  253 

"  Pure  was  thy  life;  its  bloody  close 
Hath  placed  thee  with  the  sons  of  light, 

Among  the  noble  hosts  of  those 
Who  perished  in  the  cause  of  right." 

777.  A  leaf  from  the  Common  Prayer  Book,  and  a  piece 
of  paper  on   which  were  glued  some   fringes.       These  were 
found  under  the  head  of  a  skeleton  found  in  one  of  Sir  John 
Franklin's  lost  boats.     This  paper  contained  the  legible  words 
"  The  Martyr,"  probably  written   by  the  man  whose   bones 
covered  it.     General  Dix  placed  them  in  the  coffin  as  he  re- 
ceived them  from  Captain  Parker  Snow,  commander   of  the 
expedition  which  discovered  them. 

778.  Messrs.  Lynch  and  Arnot,  of  St.  Louis,  tendered  its 
use   to   Mayor  Dennis,  through  Mayor  Thomas  of  St.  Louis. 
It  was  built  in  Philadelphia  at  a  cost  of  six  thousand  dollars, 
and  had  i  been  used  at   Thomas   Benton's  funeral.      It   was 
drawn  by  six  black  horses,  draped  in  mourning  and  wearing 
plumes  on  their  crests,  driven  by  Mr.  Arnot  without   the  aid 
of  grooms. 

779.  The  Hon.  David  Davis,   Col.   Ward  H.  Lamon  and 
Major-General  David  Hunter. 

780.  "Old  Bob,"   or   "Robin,"   Lincoln's   saddle  horse 
used  in  his  law  practice,  now  aged  sixteen   years.       He  was 
led  by  two  colored  grooms. 

781.  Sixteen  hundred  and  sixty-two  miles. 

782.  Vermont.     It  was  selected  from  thirty-seven  designs 
furnished  by  thirty-one  artists.      Larkin   G.    Mead,   Jr.,    of 
Brattleboro,  furnished  the  one  selected. 

Mr.  Mead  furnished  the  statuary  at  the  following  cost. 

A  Statue  of  Lincoln $13,700 

An  Infantry  Group 13,700 

A  Cavalry        "     13,700 

An  Artillery     "     13,700 

A  Marine          " 13,700 

A  Coat  of  Arms  of  the  U.  8. . .  1,500 


A  total  coat  of $70,000 


5454  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

783.  The  cabalistic  O.  K.  was  first  used  by  Old  Keokuk, 
an  influential  chief  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  when  he  signed  the 
deed  to  Iowa.     Instead  of  the  signature  Old  Keokuk,  he  sim- 
ply wrote  O.  K.   Thus  we  find  this  signature  originated  "  Oil 
Korrect." 

784.  The  stone  was  taken  from    a   wall  built  at  Rome  by 
Servius  Tullius,  530  years  before  Christ.     The  inscription  is 
as  follows: 

"  To  Abraham  Lincoln,  president  for  the  second  time  of 
the  American  Republic,  citizens  of  Rome  present  this  stone, 
from  the  wall  of  Servius  Tullius,  by  which  the  memory  of 
each  of  those  brave  asserters  of  liberty  may  be  associated. 
Anno  1865." 

785.  It  was  discovered  in  the  rubbish   of   the   basement 
room  of  the  White  House  about  a  year  after  the  assassination 
of  Lincoln.     The  stone  was  boxed  and  shipped  to  Springfield, 
September  15,  1870,  and  was  placed  in  Memorial  Hall  of  the 
Monument,  August,  1871. 

786.  If  you  cannot,  please  get  some  one  to  do  so  for  you. 
and  memorize  the  list. 

787.  The  suspension  bridge  at   East   River,    connecting 
New  York  and  Brooklyn,    is  the   grandest   structure   of   its 
kind  in  the  world.     It  is  5,989  feet  in  length  and  cost  $15,- 
000,000. 

788.  Practically  so  in   1836.       The  outstanding   debt   at 
this  time  was  $328,582,  but  was  not  paid  off  from  the  fact 
that  the  claims  were  not  presented,  there  being  money  in  the 
treasury. 

789.  Compulsory  laws  exist  in  the  States  of  Connecticut, 
Illinois,  Kansas,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  New    Hampshire, 
New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Vermont,  Wisconsin,  Texas  and  California. 
The  laws  are  not  enforced  in  many  of  the  States,   Massachu- 
setts and  Connecticut  being  the  only  two  enforcing  these  laws, 
to  any  extent. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QKKRIKS.  255 

790.  $150,000.     It  is  221  feet  in  height;  31  feet  square  at 
the  base  and  15  ft.  square  at  the  top.     The    shaft  encloses  a 
spiral  stair-case  of  294  steps. 

791.  This  famous  eagle  died  in  the  State   House  Park  at 
Madison,  Wis.,  in  1881.     This  bird  was  the  property  of  the 
Eighth  Wisconsin  Volunteers  and  was  carried  through  the  last 
three  years  of  the  Civil  War.     The  bird   became  a  national 
pet  and  was  welcomed  with  delight  wherever  he  was  taken. 
The  sale  of  colored  lithographs    of  "  Old  Abe,"  at  Chicago, 
in  1865,  brought  $16,808.93. 

792.  Washington,  Jackson,  Johnson  and  Garfield. 

793.  Her  maiden  name  was   Martha  Dandridge,    born  at 
Kent,  Virginia,  May  17,1732.       She  was  married  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  to  Colonel  John  P.  Custis,  who  died  a  few  years 
later,  leaving  Mrs.  Custis  with  two  children.     Washington 
married  her  January  6,  1759.     She  died  May  22,  1802. 

794.  The  Hon.  Norman  B.  Judd,  of  Chicago. 

795.  He  was  the  son  of   Christian  K.   Ross,  of  German- 
town,  Pennsylvania.      He  in  company  with  his  brother,  Wal- 
ter, was  playing  in  the  street  when  two  men  persuaded  them 
to  get  into  a  buggy ;  after   driving   over  the   town  for   some 
time  they  gave  Walter  twenty -five  cents    to  purchase   some 
candy  and  toy  torpedoes;  when  he  returned  they  had  driven 
away    with    Charlie.     After    some  days   Mr.  Ross  was  noti- 
fied by  letter  that  he  could  have  his  boy  for  $20,000  as  ran- 
som money.     Mr.   Ross  refused  to  pay  the  money  unless  the 
boy  was  delivered  when  the  money  was  paid.      An  arrange- 
ment was  made  to   meet  the  kidnapers   at  a  Fifth   Avenue 
hotel  in  New  York,  but  they  did  not   appear.       Three  years 
after  this  two  burglars  were  shot   at   the  residence  of  Judge 
Van  Brunt,  Bay  Ridge,  Long  Island.       One  was  killed   out- 
right but  the  other  lived  long  enough  to  say  that  his  accom- 
plice was  the  only  person  who  knew  of  the  location  of  Charlie 
Ross.     Charlie  Ross  is  still  the  "Lost  Child  of  America." 


256  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

796.  The  importation  of  slaves   was   abolished   in   1808, 
but  many  were  smuggled  into   the  slave  States  from  time  to 
time.     The  last  were  landed  just  previous  to  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Rebellion. 

797.  Because  he  was  absent  from  Philadelphia  when  the 
report  of  the  committee  was  made. 

798.  He  was  a  writer  of  popular  juvenile  works,  espe- 
cially historical  sketches;  was  born  at  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  in 
1793,  died  in  1863.     His  name  was  Samuel  Griswold  Good- 
rich. 

799.  Thaddeus  Stevens,   of  Pennsylvania,  was  so  called 
on  account  of  his  opposition  to  slavery  and  secession.     He 
was  in  the  House  of  Representatives  during   the  thirty-first, 
thirty-second  and  thirty-sixth  to  the  fortieth  Congresses. 

800.  President   Hayes  took  the  oath  prescribed  by  the 
Constitution  at  7:30  r.  M.,  on  Sunday,  March  4,  1877,  in  the 
private  reception  room  of  Mrs.  Grant.      This  room  is  known 
as  the  "  red  parlor"  ;  the  oath  was  administered  by  Morrison 
R.  Waite,  in  the  presence  of  General  Grant  and  Hamilton 
Fish.     Hayes  signed  the  engrossed  oath;  the  chief  justice 
attached   his    certificate   and   handed   it  to  the  secretary  of 
state. 

801.  It   is    a   low,  flat  island   of  the   North  Sea,  and  is 
among  the  possessions  of  Holland. 

802.  Elihu   B.    Washburn,    of   Illinois,    was     appointed 
March  5,  1869,  but  resigned  March   11,   six  days  after  his 
appointment.     Hamilton   Fish    was  appointed    to    take   his 
place,  and  served  the  balance  of  Grant's  presidency. 

803.  The  custom  was  introduced  from  Europe,  during  our 
early  colonial  times,  and  has  been  retained  from  time  im- 
memorial.    Friday  has  been  considered  an  unlucky  day.    The 
ancestors  of   nearly  all  Europe  so  considered  it.     After  the 
introduction  of   Christianity  this  day  became  more  obnoxious 
to  the  inhabitants,  as  it  was  taught  that  Christ  expired  on 


ANSWERS    TO    QUKER    QUERIES.  257 

Friday.  In  early  English  jurisprudence,  it  became  custom- 
ary to  execute  criminals  on  this  day,  and  hence  its  introduc- 
tion into  the  colonies. 

804.  Rose  Hartwick  Thorpe. 

805.  Henry  W.  Shaw,  born  at  Lanesborough,  Mass.,  in 
1818.     He  was  a  humorous  writer. 

806.  Dr.  Franklin,  1745. 

807.  James  Piper,  in   1818,  climbed  from  the  bottom  to 
the  top  of  the  natural  bridge.     It  is  said  that  Washington 
had  climbed  the  highest  previous  to  this  time. 

808.  In  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

809.  Henry  W.  Longfellow's  wife  was  burned,  and  died 
from  its  effects;  the  accident  occurred  by  her  clothing  catch- 
ing fire,  while  dressing  for  a  party  in  1861. 

810.  Upon  a  buffalo  robe  in  his  tent. 

811.  Chester  A.  Arthur  took  the  oath  of  office  in  New 
York  City,  September  20,  1881,  and  again  at  Washington, 
September  22. 

812.  Andrew  Jackson. 

813.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes. 

814.  George  Washington. 

815.  The  Southern  soldiers  were  denominated  Johnnies 
by  the  Union  soldiers. 

816.  James  A.  Garfield. 

817.  "Bring  me,  I  beg  you,  the  epaulets  and  sword  knots 
which  Washington  gave  me.     Let  me  die  in  my  old  Ameri- 
can uniform,  the  uniform  in  which  I  fought  my  battles.     God 
forgive  me  for  ever  putting  on  any  other." 

818.  Monroe,  Adams,  Jackson,  Van  Buren,  Pierce,  Buch- 
anan, Johnson  (after  his  term  as  president)  and  Harrison. 

819.  Washington,    Jackson,    Harrison,    Taylor,    Pierce, 
Grant,  Hayes,  Garfield,  Arthur  and  Harrison  (Benjamin). 

820.  Abraham  Lincoln. 

821.  Six  of  -them  held  to  the  Episcopal  faith,  viz. :  Wash- 

17 


258  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

ingron,  Madison,  Tyler,  Taylor,  Monroe  and  Arthur.  Eight 
were  Presbyterians,  viz. :  Jackson,  Harrison,  Polk,  Pierce, 
Buchanan,  Johnson,  Cleveland  and  Harrison.  Three  were 
Methodists,  viz. :  Grant,  McKinley  and  Hayes.  Three  were 
Unitarians,  viz. :  John  and  J.  Q.  Adams  and  Fillmore.  One 
belonged  to  tne  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  viz. :  Martin  Van 
Bureu.  One  to  the  Church  of  the  Disciples  or  Christians,  viz. : 
Garfield.  Two  were  not  attached  to  any  church,  viz. :  Jeffer- 
son and  Lincoln. 

822.  Jackson,   Fillmore,  Buchanan,  Lincoln,  Johnson  and 
Garfield. 

823.  The  one  cent  stamp  (blue)  contains  the  face  of  Frank- 
lin.    The  two  cent  stamp  (carmine)  face  of  Washington;  the 
three  cent  stamp  (purple)    face  of   Jackson;  the  four  cent 
stamp  (velvet brown)  face  of  Lincoln;  the  five  cent  stamp  (light 
brown)  face  of  Grant;  the  six  cent  stamp  (light  maroon)  face 
of  Garfield;  the  eight  cent  stamp  (lilac)  face  of  Gen.  Sherman; 
the  ten  cent  stamp  (milori  green)  face  of  Webster;  the  ten 
cent  special  (blue)  special  delivery  messenger  boy;  the  fifteen 
cent  stamp  (deep  blue)  face  of  Clay;  the  fifty  cent  stamp 
(orange)   face  of  Jefferson;  one  dollar  stamp  (black)  face  of 
Perry;  two  dollar  stamp  (sapphire  blue)  face  of  Madison;  five 
dollar  stamp  (gray  green)  face  of  John  Marshall. 

824.  At  Fort  Warren,  by  the  Glee  Club  of  the  Second 
Battalion  of  Light  Infantry  in  1862. 

825.  In  1847. 

826.  La  Salle  taught  a  denominational  school  at  Rouen, 
France. 

827.  The  wives  of  Polk,  Tyler  and  Garfield. 

828.  It  is  a  flag  designed  for  the  mainmast  of  every  ves- 
sel used  by  the  president  in  his  travels.     It  is  eleven  feet  wide 
and  fourteen  feet  long.     In  the  center  is  our  coat-of-arms,  the 
eagle  holding  in  its  mouth  the  pennant  inscribed,  "E  Pluri- 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  259 

bus  Unum."     Thirteen  white  stars  are  arranged  in  a  semi- 
circle above  the  coat-of-arms. 

829.  His  greatest  weight  was  two  hundred  and  nine  pounds. 

830.  Andrew  Johnson  lies  at  Greenfield,  Tenn.,  wrapped 
in  the  folds  of  the  Union   flag.     The  coffin  contains  a  copy 
of  the  Constitution. 

831.  Wordsworth  at  New  York  in  1817. 

832.  They  called  the  river  Qua-neh-ta-cut.     This  in  their 
language  meant  "long  river." 

833.  The  inscriptions  are  as  follows: 

NORTH. 


Erected 

In  pursuance  of 

A  Resolution  of  Congress,  approved  Get  27,  1781, 
and  one  approved  June  7,  1880, 
To  Commemorate  the  Victory 

by  which 

The  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  was  achieved. 


SOUTH. 


At  Yorktowu,  on  Oct.  19,  1781, 

After  a  siege  of  nineteen  days, 

By  5,500  Americans;  7,000  French  Infantry  of  the  Line, 

3,500  Militia,  under  command  of 
Gov.  Thomas  Nelson,  and  36  French  Ships 

of  the  Line, 

Earl  Cornwallis, 

Commander  of  the  British  forces  at  Yorktown 

and  Gloucester, 
Surrendered  the  Army, 
7,251  officers  and  men,  840  seamen,  244  cannon 

and  24  standards, 

To  his  Excellency  George  Washington, 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  combined  forces  of 

America  and  France; 

To  his  Excellency  the  Count  de  Rochambeau, 
Commanding  the  Auxiliary  troops  of  his  Christian 

Majesty  in  America, 

And  to  his  Excellency  the  Comte  de  Grasse, 

Commanding  in- Chief  the  Naval  Army  of 

France  in  Chesapeake. 


260  UNITKI)    STATES    HISTORY. 

WEST. 


The  Treaty, 
Concluded  Feb.  6,  1778, 
Between  the  United  States  of  America 
And  Louis  XVI,  King  of  France, 

Declares: 

The  essential  and  direct  end 
Of  the  present  Defensive  Alliance, 

Is  to  maintain  effectively 

The  Liberty,  Sovereignty  and  Independence, 

Absolute  and  Unlimited, 

Of  the  said  United  States, 

As  well  in  matters  of  Government  as  of 

Commerce. 


The  Provisional  Articles  of  Peace, 

Concluded  Nov.  30,  1782, 
And  the  Definite  Treaty  of  Peace, 

Concluded  Sept.  3, 1783, 

Between  the  United  States  of  America 

And  George  III,  King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 

Declares: 
His  Britannic  Majesty  Acknowledges  the  said 

United  States, 

Viz.:  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay, 

Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations, 

Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 

Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland, 

Vi^inia,  North  Carolina,  South 

Carolina  and  Georgia, 

To  be  Free  and  Sovereign  and  Independent 
States. 


834.  He  said,  "  I  did  it.     I  am  a  stalwart,  and  Arthur  is 
now  president." 

835.  It  is  a  colony  or  community  of  persons  formed  by 
John  H.   Noyes  in  1837,  at  Putney,  Vt.     The  community 
removed  to  Oneida  Creek,  Lenox  Township,  Madison  county, 
N.  Y.,  in  1847.     There  are  four  cardinal  principles  in  the 
belief  of  the  members  of  this   society,  viz. :  Reconciliation 
to  God,  salvation  from  sin,  equality  of  man  and  woman,  the 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  261 

union  of  labor  and  its  products.  The  members  of  this  com- 
munity have  been  accused  of  teaching  the  doctrine  of  ' '  free 
love,"  but  such  is  not  the  case. 

836.  It  is  customary  for  a  president  to  kiss  the  Holy  Bible 
when  inaugurated.     The  verse   and  chapter   are  usually  re- 
corded by  some  one  present.     Garfield  kissed   the  first  six 
verses  of  the  twenty-first  chapter  of  the  book  of  Proverbs. 

837.  Name  as  many  persons  as  you  may  think  of,  then 
call  upon  your  parents   and  others  for   persons  not  named. 
Whom  have  you  listed? 

838.  Mrs.  Benjamin   Pitman  of  Cincinnati  was   cremated 
at  Washington  by  Dr.  Le  Moyne,  February  15,  1878. 

839.  No.     The  articles  of  capitulation  permitted  Lee  and 
his  officers  of  certain  rank  to  retain  their  side  arms. 

840.  The  fourth  of  March  fell  on  Sunday  and  he  took  the 
oath  on  the  third  and  fifth. 

841.  General  William  Henry  Harrison. 

842.  He  had  engaged  as  a  mule  driver  on  the  canal,  but 
in  a  few  days  after  his  employment  he  undertook  to  steer  the 
boat,  but  the  rudder  struck  a  snag  and  the  tiller  striking  him 
with  full  force  landed  him  in  deep  water;  his  companions 
pulled   him   out,  but   his   scare,    hurt,   and  his  getting  wet 
threw  him  into  a  fever.     On  recovering  from  his  sickness  he 
had  lost  all  desire  to  either  drive  the  mule  or  hold  the  tiller. 

843.  William  Henry  Harrison. 

844.  James  A.  Garfield  served  in  this  capacity  in  Hiram 
College. 

845.  General  Gartield,  at  Paintville,  Ky.     He  was  colonel 
at  that  time. 

846.  Washington    and    Jefferson    made    many    a  joke; 
Van  Buren  had  trouble  plenty  to  find;  poor  bank-notes  let 
Johnson  go  home,  greatly  astonished.      Cleveland    had   Con- 
gress  mixed. 

847.  Seven.     John  Jay,  1789  to  1795;    John  Rutledge, 


262  I'NITKl)    STATKS     HISTOKY. 

1795  to  1795;  Oliver  Ellsworth,  1796  to  1801;  John  Marshall, 
1801  to  1835;  Roger  B.  Taney,  1836  to  1864;  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  1864  to  1873;  Morrison  R.  Waite,  1874  to  1888; 
Melville  W.  Fuller,  1888  to  -  — .  In  1790  the  supreme 
court  consisted  of  a  chief  justice  and  five  associates.  In 
1807,  six  associates.  In  1837,  eight  associates.  In  1863, 
nine  associates.  The  number  of  justices  is  frequently  re- 
duced by  death  or  resignation  but  is  soon  filled. 

848.  A   general  in   active   service   receives  $13,500  per 
annum  for  the  first  five  years;  after  five  years'  service  ten  per 
cent,  is  added;  after  ten  years,  twenty  per  cent.;  after  fifteen 
years,  thirty  per  cent. ;  after  twenty  years,  forty  per  cent. 

A  lieutenant-general  receives  $11,000  per  annum  with  the 
same  additions  as  for  general. 

A  major-genei'al  receives  $7,500  with  the  same  additions 
as  for  general;  and  on  retiring  $5,625  for  the  first  five  years 
only. 

A  brigadier-general  receives  $5,500  with  same  additions 
as  for  general,  and  $4,125  on  retiring  for  first  five  years  only. 

849.  Any  commissioned    officer   who   has    served  thirty 
years  as  such  may  be  retired  on  his  own  application  at  the 
discretion  of  the  president. 

After  forty  years'  service  he  may  be  placed  on  the  retired 
list,  unconditionally. 

After  forty-five  years'  actual  service,  or  sixty-two  years 
of  age  is  reached,  an  officer  may  be  retired  at  the  discretion 
of  the  president. 

The  number  of  retired  officers  cannot  exceed  four  hun- 
dred. The  pay  is  fixed  at  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  pay 
allotted  to  same  officer  in  active  service. 

850.  Yes.     He  receives  pay  at  the  rate  of  eight  cents  per 
mile. 

851.  Thirteen  dollars  per  month  and  rations. 

852.  Yes.     His  pay  increases  to  twenty-one  dollars  per 
month  after  twenty  years'  service. 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  263 

853.  Major-General    George   Washington,  1775  to  1783; 
Major-General    Henry   Knox,    1783    to    1784;     Lieutenant. 
Colonel  Josiah  Harraer,  1788  to  1791;  Major-General  Arthur 
St.    Clair,    1791    to    1792;  Major-General  Anthony  Wayne, 
1792  to  1796;  Major-GeneralJames  Wilkinson,  1796  to  1798; 
Lieutenaut-General  George  Washington,  1798  to  1799;  Major- 
General   James   Wilkinson,    1800    to    1812;    Major-General 
Henry  Dearborn,  1812  to  1815;  Major-GeneralJacob  Brown, 
1815    to    1828;  Major-General  Alexander  Macomb,    1828  to 
1841;  Major-General  Winfield  Scott,    1841   to    1861;  Major- 
General  Geo.   B.    McClellan,    1861  to   1862;  Major-General 
Henry  W.  Halleck,  1862  to  1864;  Lieutenant-General  U.  S. 
Grant,    1864    to   1866;  General  U.  S.  Grant,  1866  to  1869; 
General    W.   T.   Sherman,  1869   to  1883;  General  Philip  H. 
Sheridan,  1883  to  1888;  General  John  M.   Schofield,  1888  to 
1895;  Major-General  Nelson  A.  Miles,  1895  to . 

854.  Nelson  A.  Miles  (1897). 

855.  Senator  Pendleton  of  Ohio. 

856.  GarfiekVs  mother. 

857.  After  reading  it. 

858.  There  are  nine.     Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  Brooklyn, 
N.    Y.;  Charlestown  Navy   Yard,    Boston,    Mass.;   Gosport 
Navy  Yard,  Norfolk,  Va. ;  Kittery  Navy  Yard,  Portsmouth, 
N.  H. ;  League  Island  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Mare 
Island  Navy  Yai'd,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  New  London  Navy 
Yard   (unfinished),    New    London,    Conn. ;   Pensacola  Navy 
Yard,  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  Washington  City  Navy  Yard,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C 

859.  At  Annapolis,  Md. 

860.  We  can  have  but  one  general.     Have  we  one  now? 

861.  But  one  under  the  present  law. 

862.  We  are  limited  by  law  to  three.     At  present  (1895) 
they  are  Nelson  A.  Miles,  Thomas  H.  Ruger  and  W.  Merritt. 

863.  Limited  by  law  to  six. 

864.  The  vote  cast  by  the  people. 


264  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

865.  Double  the  number  of  the  Congress,  add  the  product 
to  1789,  the  result  will  be  the  year  in  which  Congress  closed. 

866.  Subtract  1789  from  the  given  year;  if  the  remainder 
is  an  even  number,  one-half  of  it  will  be  the  Congress,  if  an 
odd  number  add  one  to  the  remainder  and  divide  by  two. 

867.  1.   Made  cotton  raising  profitable. 

2.  Increased  the  amount  of  cotton  raised. 

3.  Made  a  demand  for  good  strong  laborers. 

4.  Made  slavery  a  permanent  institution. 

5.  Increased  hatred  between  North  and  South. 

6.  Made  the  South  rich. 

7.  Crowned  cotton  king  of  products. 

868.  U.    S.    Grant   but   forty-seven    when    inaugurated. 
The   average  age  of   presidents   when   inaugurated  is  fifty- 
seven  years. 

869.  Cyrus,  King  of  Persia,  required  his  officers  to  make 
stated  reports  of  the  transaction  of  business,    movements   of 
his  enemies,  etc. ;  by  experiment  he  found  how  far   a  fleet 
horse  should  travel  in  a  day,  and  built   houses   as   relays  for 
the  service  of   transmitting   these  messages ;   at  these   relay 
stations  he  appointed  persons  to  take   care  of    the    reports, 
record  their  progress,  etc.     Thus  was    instituted  the  embryo 
post-office,  600  years  before  Christ. 

870.  Chief  Justice  Fuller;  it   is   what  is   known  as  the 
Constitutional  oath;  when  administered,  Mr.  Cleveland  bowed 
his  head  and  kissed  the  Bible,  just  as   all   his  predecessors 
had  done. 

871.  The  government  printing  office  at  Washington   is 
the  largest  in  the  world;  it  takes    $3,500,000   and  3,100   em- 
ployes to  keep  it  running;  in  1892  it  used  210,000   reams   of 
paper,    ten  tons  of  ink,   twelve  tons  of  glue,   three  tens  of 
potash,  three  tons  of  thread,  two  tons  of  twine,  two   tons   of 
glycerine,  two  tons  of  antimony,  half  ton  of  plumbago,    800 
pounds  of  pumice  stone, 720  pounds  of  beeswax,  6,000  gallons 


ANSWERS   TO   QUEER   QUERIES.  265 

of  oil,  4,500  gallons  of  benzine,  140  gallons  of  alcohol,  3,600 
packs  of  goldleaf,  40,000  feet  of  Russian  leather,  4,000  sheep- 
skins, etc. 

Explain   the  use   of  each   article;    if   not   known   a   printer   will 
tell  you. 

872.  A    Bible    presented    to    him    by    his    mother,    in    1852, 
and    used    upon    his    inauguration    in    1889;    it    is    a    small    gilt- 
edged,    black    leather-covered    volume,    three    by    five    inches    in 
dimensions;     on    the    front    cover    is    stamped    S.    G.    Cleveland; 
on    the    fly-leaf    his    mother's    inscription    in    a    small,    irregular 
feminine    hand,    and    on    the    next    page    a    statement    signed    by 
the    Clerk    of   the   United    States   Court    certifying   to   the   admin- 
istration    of    the     oath     of     office     by     Morrison     E.     Waite     in 
1889. 

873.  At    Decatur,    Illinois,    April    6,    1866. 

874.  Twenty-five    thousand    dollars. 

875.  She  becomes  a  citien  of  the  United  States  by  the  cele- 
bration   of    the    marriage,    without    any    further    ceremony. 

876.  Alix  trotted  a  mile  at  Galesburg,  Illinois,  September  19, 
1894,    in    two    minutes    three    and    three-fourths    seconds. 

877.  William    Wallace    made    the    first    dynamo    from    which 
a   good   light    was    obtained    in    1874;    it   was   shown    at    the    Cen- 
tennial in  1876  where  Edison,  Houston,  Brush  and  others  studied 
it   for   days. 

878.  Daniel    Emmet,    a    negro    minstrel. 

879.  During     James     Monroe's     term     of     office     an     English 
lithographer   desired   a   fac-simile   of   the   document   and   in   secur- 
ing  it,   removed    much    of    the   ink   from    contact    with    moistened 
paper;    while   the    document   is   now    but    a   little    over   a    century 
old    there    are    but    eleven    of    the    signatures    that    can    be    read 
without    a    glass. 

880.  The      Mayflower      landed,      Washington      was      born, 
America    was    discovered,    Lincoln    was    assassinated,    the    Dec- 
laration     of      Independence      was      signed,      Bunker      Hill      was 


266  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

seized  and  fortified,  the  British  surrendered  at  Saratoga, 
Arnold's  treason  was  discovered,  Cornwallid  surrendered  at 
Yorktown  and  the  Great  Eastern  sailed  with  the  Atlantic 
Cable,  on  Friday. 

881.  Charles  Thompson,  Secretary  of  Congress,  was  sent 
on  horseback  to  deliver  the  notice  of  election.     Mr.    Thomp- 
son married  Hannah  Harrison,  sister  of  Benjamin    Harrison, 
the  signer  of   the   Declaration  of   Independence,  and  great- 
grandfather of  our  "  Columbian  President." 

882.  While  the  citizens  of  the  District  of  Columbia  have 
no  voice  in  the  selection  of  congressmen  or  of  the  president, 
many  of  them  maintain  a  legal  residence  at  their  homes  in 
the  States  and  vote  there.     A  territorial  form  of  government 
was  maintained  from  1871  to  1874. 

883.  Congressmen  in  their  speeches  often   refer  to  the 
president  by  this  phrase;  the  White  House  stands  at  the   end 
of  a  long  avenue  connecting  itself  and  the  capitol. 

884.  In  1845  Congress  decreed  that  the  national  elections 
should  be  held  on  "  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber," every  fourth  year. 

885. 

YEAR.          CENTER  OF  POPULATION.  MILES 

MOVED. 

1790—23  mi.  E.  of  Baltimore - 

1800—18  "   W.  "        "  : 41 

1810—40  "    N.  W.  of  Washington 36 

1820—16  "    N.  of  Woodstock,  Va 50 

1830—19  "    S.  W.  of  Moorefield,  W.  Va 39 

1840—16  "    S.  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va 55 

1850—23  "    S.  of  Parkersburg,  W.  Va 65 

1860—20  "    S.  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio 81 

1870—48  "  N.  E.  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 42 

1880—  8  "  S.  W.  "  "  "     58 

1890—13  "  S.  E.  "    Greensburg,  Ind 45 

Total..  .  512 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  207 

886.  The  words  of  the  song  were  written  by  Samuel  F. 
Smith,  a  Harvard  graduate;  the  song  was  first  used  in  pubnc 
by  some  school  children,  July  4,  1832;  the  music  is  said  tc 
have  been  composed  in  1606,  in  honor  of  James  I.,  by  John 
Bull,  an  English  musician;  some  writers  ascribe  it  to  Henry 
Gary,  who  died  in  1743;  the  French  and  the  Germans  claim 
the  authorship,  also;  the   German   national   hymn  and   the 
Italian  national  march  are  much  alike;  the  Swiss,  Danes  and 
French  have  patriotic  songs  set  to  the  same  music. 

887.  It  is  the  most  wonderful  invention  of  the  age;  Pro- 
fessor Elisha  Gray  is  the  inventor,  having  perfected  it  during 
the  years  1887-1893;  it  is  an  instrument  by  means  of   which 
the  handwriting  of  the  operator  is  transmitted  over  a  wire, 
as  in  telegraphy,  to  a  distant  station,  and  appears  \\\fac-simile. 
The  length  of  wire  is  of  no  consequence,  whether  it  extends 
across  a  room  or  across  a  continent.    It  is  undoubtedly  destined 
to  become  of  great  utility. 

888.  It  is  owned  by  a  family  at  Fomfort,  Connecticut, 
near  the  wolf's  cave;  Governor  Bulkeley  of   that  State  gave 
security  for  its  safe  return,  and  sent  it  to  the  Columbian 
Exposition,  where  it  was  inspected  by  thousands. 

889.  The  Mormon  Temple  at  Salt  Lake  City,  dedicated 
April  6,  1893;  the  corner-stone  was  laid  June  16,    1853,   by 
Brigham  Young,  and  the  building  pushed  as  rapidly  as  possi- 
ble till  its  completion;  the  building  is  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
six  feet  by  ninety-nine  feet,  contains  six  beautiful  towers  and 
stands  two  hundred  and  twenty-two  and  a  half  feet  high,  sur- 
mounted  by   a   figure   representing    the   angel,    "Moroni," 
which  according  to  Mormon  belief  revealed  the  hiding  place 
of  the  copper  plates  on  which  was  revealed  the    "  Book   of 
Mormon." 

890.  After  making  a  short  speech,   he  declared  the  Fair 
opened,  and  pressed  an  electric  button  which  set  the  machin- 
ery in  motion;  the  key  was  made  of  solid  gold  with  ivory 


268  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

handles,    and  mounted    on  a    handsome  base,  covered    with 
plush,  in  the  colors  of  Spain  and  the  United  States. 

891.  A  composite  bell  was  cast  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,    by  the  Clinton  H. 
Meneely  Bell  Co.,  of  Troy,  New  York,  June  8,  1893.     Con- 
tributions of  metals  were  made  from  all  the  States  and  terri- 
tories; some  of  them  are  enumerated  as  follows:   Copper  and 
silver  from  all  the  leading  mines,  a  bronze  medal  commemor- 
ating the  Wyoming  Massacre,  a  piece   of  Baron   De   Kalb's 
brass  cannon,  Elisha  Granger's  pewter  spoon,   over  one  hun- 
dred years  old,  a  piece  of  the  original  liberty  bell,  a  piece  of 
the  bell  at  the  old  Santa  Barbara  mission,  a  link  of  gold  from 
the  sleeve  buttons  worn  by  General  Artemas  Ward,  a  sword 
found  on  the  grounds  of   the  Mountain    Meadows   Massacre, 
Henry  W.  Grady's  spoon,  Lucretia  Mott's  silver  fruit  knife, 
a   key   from   the   Bastile,    and   numerous   other   articles   of 
historic  interest.     The  cost  was  $6,500  dollars,  contributed 
from  all  the  States  and  territories;  it  was  rung  on  the  Fourth 
of  July  at  the  World's  Fair,  where  it  remained  to   its  close; 
it  is  to  go  to  all  the  historical  celebrations  until  1900,   when 
it  goes  to  Washington;  when  not  in  use  it  will  remain  in  that 
city. 

892.  Washington  was  buried  at  Mount   Vernon,   sixteen 
miles  from  the  city  of  Washington;  John   Adams,  beneath 
the  portico  of  the  Unitarian  church  in  Quincy,  Mass.     In  the 
church  stands  a  memorial  slab  in  his  honor,  but  the  body  lies 
in  a  vault  almost  directly  under  the  entrance.     Thomas  Jef- 
ferson  was  buried   in   the   family    cemetery    at  Monticello; 
James  Madison  in  the  family  ground  at  Montpelier,  Orange 
County,  Va.,  and  James  Monroe  in  a  cemetery  between  Sec- 
ond and  Third  streets,  New  York  City,  where  he  died  in  the 
house  of  his  son-in-law.     Near  John  Adams  is  buried  his  son, 
John  Quincy,  the  second  president  of  that  name.     Andrew 
Jackson,  the  Tennessee  planter,  was  buried  on  his  own  estate, 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  269 

the  Hermitage,  eleven  miles  from  Nashville,  a  domed  tem- 
ple covering  his  grave.  Martin  Van  Buren,  his  successor, 
lies  in  the  Reformed  Church  cemetery  at  Kinderhook,  N.  Y., 
and  William  Henry  Harrison,  first  interred  at  Washington, 
was  removed  to  North  Bend,  O.,  where  his  vault  was  much 
neglected  until  recently.  John  Tyler  was  interred  in  Holly- 
wood Cemetery,  Richmond,  Va. ,  and  no  monument  or  stone 
has  been  erected  over  his  grave.  James  K.  Polk  lies  at  the 
corner  of  Vine  and  Union  streets  at  Nashville,  Tenii. ,  a  costly 
monument  under  a  canopy  marking  the  spot,  which  now, 
like  Monroe's  grave  at  New  York,  is  in  the  midst  of  the  city. 
The  remains  of  Grant  lie  in  a  vault  at  Riverside  Park,  New 
York,  near  the  Hudson ;  those  of  Garfield  in  Lake  View  Cem- 
etery, at  Cleveland — places  appropriate  and  commanding — 
and  over  both  suitable  monuments  have  been  or  will  be 
placed.  Gen.  Taylor  was  first  interred  at  the  Congressional 
Cemetery  at  Washington,  and  thence  removed  to  Taylor 
Cemetery,  near  Louisville,  Ky. ;  while  Millard  Fillmore  was 
bui-ied  at  the  Forest  Lawn  Cemetery,  in  Buffalo,  N.Y. ,  and 
Franklin  Pierce  in  Minot  Cemetery,  at  Concord,  N.  H. ;  James 
Buchanan  lies  in  Woodward  Hill  Cemetery,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
The  grave  of  Lincoln  is  in  the  lovely  Oak  Ridge  Cemetery  at 
Springfield,  where  also  his  wife  and  two  of  his  sons  and  his 
eldest  grandson  are  buried.  The  monument  above  these 
graves  is  a  heavy  and  imposing  piece  of  work,  durable  and 
costly,  but  not  specially  beautiful  or  appropriate.  No  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  has  such  a  mausoleum,  though  the 
burial  place  of  Washington,  beside  the  magnificent  Potomac 
River  and  amidst  the  trees  planted  by  himself  at  Mount 
Vernon,  is  more  in  keeping  with  his  reserved  and  lofty  nature. 
Andrew  Johnson  was  buried  in  a  private  enclosure  at  the 
top  of  a  hill  near  Greenville,  Tenn. ,  where  he  lived  before 
and  after  a  national  misfortune  made  him  president.  Arthur 
is  buried  in  a  cemetery  at  Albany,  New  York,  and  Hayes  at 
Fremont,  Ohio. 


270  UNITED    STATES    H1STOBY. 

893.  Two  of  the  cannon  on    board  the  Santa  Maria,  and 
once  used  in  Fort  Isabella,  Hayti,  were  on  exhibition;    they 
were  little  more  than  lumps  of  rust. 

894.  May  5,  1868,  John   A.    Logan,  Commander-in-chief 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,   issued  an   order  fixing 
May  30  as  a  day   in  which  the  several  posts  might  decorate 
the   graves   of   their  dead  comrades.       Twenty-seven  States 
reported  the  observance  of  the  order  in  one  or  more  places ; 
these  reports  were  bound  in  book  form  arid   from  that  time 
the  custom  has  been  observed  annually. 

895.  The  ship,  Bedford,  Captain  Moores,  applied   at  the 
British  custom-house  of  Downs,  for  entry,  February,  6,  1783. 
She  was  loaded  with  487  butts  of  whale  oil  and  being   from 
Massachusetts,   U.  S.,  flaunted  the  stars   and    stripes  at  her 
mast-head.     This  created  quite  a  commotion  among  the  cus- 
tom-house officers    and   residents   of   the  city;   the  "bloody 
rebel,"  the  "  Yankee  pirate  "  and  similar  epithets  were  heard 
on  all  sides,  but  the  sturdy  captain  demanded   and    received 
his  entry  and  "  Old  Glory  laughed  in  the  breeze." 

896.  A  seal  bearing  Washington's  initials,  and  which  he 
carried  on  entering  the  engagement,  but  which  was  shot  from 
his  person  during  the  action. 

897.  Eight  years. 

898.  It  consisted  of  a  pair   of  bellows   attached   to   each 
aide  of  the  hull  below  the  water  line,  to  be  pumped  full  of  air 
when  it  was  desired  to  raise  the  boat  in  the  water;   the  rude 
model,  apparently  made    with   a  pocket  knife,   and  bearing 
Lincoln's  signature,  is  still  on  exhibition  at  the  patent  office. 

899.  A  society   for  extending  the  gospel  into  all   lands, 
more  especially  among  the  poor  of  all  the  civilized  lands;  orig- 
inated by  Rev.   William  Booth,  at  Nottingham,  England,  in 
1878.     The  organization  was  extended  into  the  United  States 
in  1884,  by  incorporation  under  the  laws  of   New  York;  the 
tactics  of  the  Army  are  based  upon  those  of  the  British  army, 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  271 

which  provides  for  regularly  organized  discipline  among  its 
officers  and  soldiers.  A  live  weekly  paper  called  the  War 
Cry  is  the  official  organ  of  the  organization  and  is  published 
in  twenty-one  editions,  going  into  all  the  civilized  countries 
of  the  globe. 

900.  Clark   Mills,  the    sculptor,    cast  it  from   the  guns 
which  Jackson  captured  at  New  Orleans. 

901.  Columbus  advocated  the  pernicious  poncy  of  captur- 
ing the  wild  Carib,  and  selling  him  into  slavery  under  the 
pretext    of    Christianizing    him.       Self-interest     sometimes 
allows  upright  men  to  deceive  themselves. 

902.  At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  the  Confederates  had 
captured  the  Federal  camp  and  the  troops  were  being  driven 
before  the  impetuous  Southern  soldiers  when  General  Sheri- 
dan appeared  on  the  scene  exclaiming,  "Turn  boys!     Turn! 
We're  going  back  to   camp.      We'll  lick  them  out  of  their 
boots ! "     The  effect  was   magnetic  and  the  tide  of  battle  was 
turned. 

903.  The    first   beet-sugar    factory    of    importance    was 
started  at  Chatsworth,  111.,  in  1864. 

904.  George  M.  Pullman   invented  the  sleeping  and  par- 
lor cars  now  in  use.     They  were  perfected  in  1864. 

905.  Yes,  but  the  locust  is  called  a  grasshopper  and  is  of 
a  different  species.     As  early  as    1818    they  devastated  the 
crops  of  Minnesota;  in  1864  they  increased  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  alarm  the  whole  west;  in  1874,  Kansas  and  other  states 
were  overrun  with  them,  coming  in  such  dense  swarms  as  to 
darken  the  air  and  eating  all  green  vegetation  in  their  track. 
In  1875  Missouri  was  overrun  by  them. 

906.  Congress,  1865,   established  a  Freedman's  Bureau, 
for  the  relief  of  the  emancipated   negroes;    General  O.   O. 
Howard  was  made  its  commissioner;  schools  were  established 
and    the  poor  were  fed.   but  it  rapidly  grew   into  disfavor 
and  was  abandoned. 


272  UNITED    STATES    HI8TOKY. 

907.  May  13,  1865,  at  Palmetto  Ranch,  near  Rio  Grande, 
Tex.,  was  fought  the  last  battle  of  the  Great  Rebellion;  a 
colored   regiment   of   Federal    troops   fired   the   last  volley; 
Colonel    Barrett,    on    the   Union   side,   and   General    J.    E. 
Slaughter,  on  the  Confederate.     Result,  indecisive. 

908.  Yes;  he  retired  from  service  Oct.  31,  1861,  but  lived 
to  see  the  war  close,  and  died  May  29,  1866. 

909.  Lieutenant-General  Grant  was  made  general  of  the 
army  July  25,  1866,  by  special  act  of  Congress. 

910.  Captain  Semmes  was  made  professor  of  moral  phil- 
osophy in  the  Louisiana  State  Seminary,  1866. 

911.  All  churches  built  by  the  Russian  government  were 
to  remain  as  the  property  of  those  persons  desiring  to  wor- 
ship in  them;  the  civilized  inhabitants  were  to  have  three 
years  to  decide  whether  they  desired  to  become  citizens  of 
the  United  States  or  not. 

912.  In  1867    three  men  crossed  the  Atlantic,  from  New 
York  to  Southampton,  on  a  raft  12£  feet  by  24  feet.     They 
rigged  a  sail  and  made  the  voyage  in  three  weeks. 

913.  General  N.  B.  Forest,  chief  of  the  "  Ku-Klux-Klan," 
was  known  as  the   "Grand  Wizard  of  the  Empire."     The 
alleged  object  of  this  society  was  "to  redeem  the  South." 

914.  Mr.  Christopher  Carson,  nicknamed  Kit  Carson,  was 
a  famous  western  scout  and  hunter;  he  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1809  and  died  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  in  1868. 

915.  A  chorus  of    10,000    singers   and  an  orchestra   of 
1,000  pieces  was  organized  by  P.   S.    Gilmore,   of  Boston, 
June  15-20,    1869;  it  was   termed  a  Peace   Jubilee;  in  the 
orchestra  were  100  anvils  beaten  by  as  many  firemen;  a  bat- 
tery of  cannon,  fired  by  electricity,  joined  in  the  harmony. 
Hence  the  term  "Anvil  Chorus."     It  should  be  stated  that 
Parepa  Rosa  was  heard  over  the  whole  audience,  owing  to 
the  wonderful  volume  of  her  voice. 

916.  Yes;  a  cable  extends  from  Brest  to  Duxbury,  Mass., 


ANSWERS  TO  QUEER  QUERIES.  273 

by  way  of  the  island    of  St.  Pierre;  it  was  laid  in  1869;  its 
length  is  3,857  miles. 

917.  Babcock's  Fire-Extinguisher  was  first  brought  into 
practical  use  in  1869;  since  that  time  others  have  come  into 
use. 

918.  H.  R.  Revels  was  the  first  colored  representative  to 
enter  the  United  States  Senate;  he  was  sent  from  Mississippi 
in  1870. 

919.  Mrs.  Emma  Willard,    who  died    at   Troy,  N.    Y., 
has  been  justly  so  called;  she  is  noted  as  having  devoted  her 
life  to  the  cause  of  female  education;  she  was  author  of  sev- 
eral books  on  history  and  science  as  well  as  many  poems  and 
literary  articles. 

920.  A  flight  of  birds  passing  by  his  vessel  in  that  direc- 
tion caused  himself  and  oflicers  to  believe  that  land  might  be 
found  in  their  course,  hence  the  vessels  were  steered  toward 
these  islands. 

921.  The  Walker  Tariff  Act  was  passed  in  1846,  and  set- 
tled the   heated   debates  which  had    been   so   prominent   in 
Jackson's  and  Tyler's  administrations;   it  was    practically  a 
tariff  for  revenue  only. 

In  1857  a  few  changes  were  made  in  the  direction  of  lower 
duties;  in  1861  the  Morrill  tariff  raised  the  duties  consider- 
ably with  a  view  to  obtaining  revenue;  during  the  next  three 
years  it  was  repeatedly  raised ;  the  revenues  soon  accumulated 
in  the  treasury  until  there  was  a  large  surplus  in  its  vaults; 
Cleveland  made  this  fact  the  basis  of  his  message  to  Congress 
in  1887. 

922.  Six.     What  were  they? 

923.  One  for  each  State.     How  many? 

924.  The  McKinley  Act  authorized  increased  duties  upon 
many  imported  articles,  while  it  abolished  some  and  lowered 
others;  the  general  effect  was  to   diminish  the   revenues  and 
consequently  consume  the  surplus.     How? 

18 


•_>14  KNITBD  STATES  HISTORY. 

925.  When  immense  party  majorities  are  suddenly  devel- 
oped it  is  termed  a  landslide.     A  wave  of  Democratic  plural- 
ities swept  over  the  country  in  1892,  and  in  turn  the  Repub- 
licans welcomed  the  same  experience  in  1894. 

926.  The  largest  gun  made  in  the  United  States  was  cast 
at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,    turned  and  bored  at  the  Wash- 
ington government  works,  for  the  battleship  Indiana,  in  1894. 
It  is  a  thirteen-inch  rifle,  forty  feet  in   length,   weighs  sixty- 
seven  tons,  uses  a  charge  of  five  hundred  pounds   of  powder 
and  throws  a  projectile  of  half  a  ton. 

927.  A  strike  of  three  thousand  workmen  in  the  shops  at 
Pullman,  Illinois,  extended  to  the  railroads  and  other  public 
corporations;   it  was  precipitated  by  the   discharge   of  three 
prominent  members  of  the  labor  grievance  committee;  much 
damage    was    done  by    the  burning  of  coal  mines,    cars,  the 
stoppage  of  traffic,  etc.       Reason   finally  prevailed  in  most 
localities,  but  force  had  to  be  resorted    to  in  many  instances 
to  suppress  it. 

928.  By  a  preconcerted   understanding,    squads    of  men, 
known    as    Commonwealers    or    Coxeyites,    marched    upon 
Washington  from  all  parts   of   the  country,  for  the   alleged 
purpose  of  inducing  Congress  to  pass  laws  in  favor   of  labor, 
the  building  of  roads,  etc.     It  proved  a  miserable  failure. 

929.  Write  the  answer  here 

930.  The  term  "jingoism  "    originated  in  England,  dur- 
ing the  trouble  between  Russia  and  Turkey,  1877-1878.     The 
term  was  adopted  from  the  refrain, 

"  We  don't  want  to  fight,  but,  by  jingo,  if  we  do — 

We've  got  the  ships,  we've  got  the  men,  we've  got  the  money  too." 

and  is  here  applied  to  the  idea  of  bluster,  or  "  spread-eagle- 
ism ";  the  Democrats  applied  it  to  James  G.  Elaine's  speeches 
in  his  famous  campaign  for  president  against  Grover  Cleve- 
land. 

931.  Grover  Cleveland. 


ANSWERS    TO    QUEER    QUERIES.  275 

932.  President  Cleveland  used    this    metaphor  to  express 
his  views  as  to  the   publicity  surrounding  the   acts  of  public 
servants. 

933.  Jefferson  Davis,  to    the   Confederate    Congress,    in 
1861. 

934.  To  demonetize  a  metal  is  to  take  from  it  its  standard 
value  and  thus  make  it  a  commodity  only.     In  1792  Congress 
fixed  the  standard  monetary  unit  at  37 1£  grains  pure  silver  to 
be  mixed  with  an  alloy  to  give  it   greater   hardness  and  dur- 
ability;   gold   was  made  money,  but   its  value  was  counted 
from  those  silver  dollars,  the  ratio  being  fixed  at  15  to  1  and 
afterward  at  16  to  1;  this  was  the  law  up  to  1873;  when    the 
law   was  changed  to   16  to  1  in  1834,  the  silver  dollar   still 
remained  the  unit,  but  the  gold  was  changed  from  24.7  grains 
to  23.2  grains  pure  gold,  thus  making  it  smaller. 

The  act  of  1792  was  repealed  February  12,  1873,  by  the 
following  clause  in  the  act  of  that  date  : 

"  That  the  gold  coin  of  the  United  States  shall  be  a  one- 
dollar  piece,  which  at  the  standard  weight  of  twenty-five  and 
eight-tenth  grains  shall  be  the  unit  of  value. " 

This  demonetized  silver.  Since  that  time,  when  the  market 
value  of  silver  was  15.92  to  1,  it  has  steadily  gone  down,  until 
now  (1895)  it  is  23. 72  to  1. 


276  UN1TJB1>    STATES    HISTORY. 


REVIEWS. 


No  teacher  can  successfully  teach  history  without  con- 
stant reviews.  The  author  advises  one  or  two  of  these  ques- 
tions reviewed  daily.  The  pupils  should  write  upon  a  given 
number  at  such  times  as  the  teacher  may  select.  This  written 
work  may  be  considered  as  an  examination  and  due  record  of 
it  entered  in  the  book  kept  for  this  purpose.  The  questions 
are  framed  just  as  they  should  be  used,  but  may  be  altered  by 
the  teacher  to  suit  the  grade  of  the  pupil  or  to  comply  with 
the  author  used.  Such  directions  are  given  as  are  thought 
needful  from  time  to  time. 

1.  How  many  and  what  periods  (epochs)  in  United  States 
History? 

2.  Write  the  names  of  the  periods  and  the  date  of  begin- 
ning and  ending  of  each. 

Thus;  Period  of  Discovery 1492  to  1607. 

"       "      etc. 

3.  Trace  Columbus  from  Genoa  to  Madrid  on  his  first  re- 
turn.    (Use  the  form  given  in  the  text.) 

4.  Write  a  brief  account  of  Columbus's  last  three  voy- 
ages. 

5.  Write  the  form  for  the  three  great  discoveries  from 
memory. 

6.  Name  the  Spanish  discoverers,  and  tell  what  important 
thing  each  one  did. 

7.  Tell  all  you  can  about  De  Soto. 

8.  Make  a  list  of  places  discovered,  and  tell  why  each 
was  so  called. 

9.  Write  a  short  sketch  of  Columbus. 

10.  Write  the  form  for  the  claims. 


REVIEWS.  277 

11.  Tell  what  you  can  about  the  Mound-builders. 

12.  Tell   what   you   can   about   the   early  Icelandic  and 
Norse  expeditions. 

13.  Tell  of  the  misfortunes  of  Columbus.     Of  the  trans- 
portation of  his  remains  and  their  burial. 

14.  Why  was  America  so  called?     What  nations   made 
discoveries  in  America? 

15.  Tell  all  you  can  about  Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

16.  Write  the  form  for  the  Spanish  discoveries. 

17.  Write  the  form  for  the  English  discoveries. 

18.  Write   the  form  for  the  Dutch  and  French  discov- 
eries. 

19.  Write  the  form  for  the  discoveries  of  nations. 

20.  Tell  all  about  Magellan. 

21.  What  part  of  the  United  States  did  the  several  nations 
claim?     Explain  for  each. 

22.  Describe  an  Indian. 

23.  Tell  why  each  nation  claimed  a  certain  part  rather 
than  the  whole  of  the  country. 

24.  By  what  right  does  a  nation  lay  claim  to  the  territory 
of  a  country? 

25.  Tell   the   story   of    De  Leon   and    the    Fountain   of 
Youth. 

26.  Who  was  the  first  circumnavigator  of  the  globe?  The 
second?     Where  did  each  make  the  voyage? 

27.  What  territory  was  granted  to  the  London  Company? 
To  the  Plymouth? 

28.  What  and  where  was  Acadia?     New  Albion?     New 
Netherlands?     New  France? 

20.  The  conflicting  claims  in  America  would   probably 
lead  to  what? 

30.  Write  the  outlines  (blackboard  form)  for  the  study  of 
each  of  the  thirteen  colonies. 

31.  In  turn  write  the  short  form  for  each  colony. 


278  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

32.  Write  a  sketch  of  Balboa. 

33.  Tell  all  about  Pocahontas. 

34.  Write  all  you  can  concerning  Nathaniel  Bacon. 

35.  Tell  of  the  Pilgrims.     The  Puritans. 

36.  Write  of  the  two  Indian  massacres  in  Virginia. 

37.  Write   the   history  of   Bacon's    Rebellion.     Also  of 
King  Philip's  War. 

38.  Tell  of  Verrazaua  and  Cartier. 

39.  Write  about  the  starving  time. 

40.  Trace  the  Pilgrims  in  their  wanderings  to  America. 

41.  Write  the  outline  for  New  Hampshire. 

42.  Tell  about  Roger  Williams. 

43.  Tell  of  the  Salem  Witchcraft. 

44.  Who  was  Anne  Hutchinson?     Thos.  Hooker?     Miles 
Standish?     John  Endicott?     John  Carver? 

45.  Tell  all  about  the  Pequod  War. 

46.  Tell  of  the  tyranny  of  Edmund  Andros. 

47.  Tell  the  story  of  the  Charter  Oak. 

48.  What  was  the  House  of  Burgesses? 

49.  When  and  where  was  the  first  permanent  English  set- 
tlement made?  The  first  Spanish?  By  the  Dutch? 

50.  When  did  Virginia  become  a  Royal  Province?    Mas- 
sachusetts? New  Hampshire?  New  York? 

51.  Tell  of  the  Dutch  settlements  in  New  York. 

52.  Tell  of  the  early  settlement  of   New    Jersey.   Also  of 
Connecticut. 

52.   Who  were  the  Quakers?    The  Baptists? 

54.  How   was    the  settlement  of   Pennsylvania   different 
from  the  other  colonies? 

55.  Give  a  good  sketch  of  the  Baltimores. 

56.  Tell  of  Oglethorpe. 

57.  Make  neat  list  of  the  thirteen  colonies,  and  opposite 
each  put  name  of  place  first  settled  in  each. 

In  a  third  column  put  date  of  each  settlement. 


REVIEWS.  279 

In  a  fourth  column  put  name  of  leader  opposite  each 
colony. 

In  a  fifth  column  put  date  for  the  time  each  became  a 
Royal  Province.  (Which  never  became  a  Royal  Province?) 

58.  Name  all  the  wars  of  the  colonies. 

59.  What   religious    denominations   were   found    in    the 
colonies?     Make  a  neat  list  of  them. 

60.  Give  cause  and  gain  of  each  war. 

61.  Give  date  of  beginning  and  ending  of  each  war. 

62.  Which  was  the   most  important  of  these  four  wars? 
Why? 

63.  Abbreviate  the  names  of  the  thirteen  colonies  and  give 
nickname  of  each. 

64.  What  is  a  Commercial  Corporation?  Royal  Province? 
Proprietary  Government?     Voluntary  Association? 

65.  Which  colonies  became  Royal  Provinces? 

66.  Give  full  account  of  Braddock's  defeat. 

67.  Tell  of  the  capture  of  Louisburg. 

68.  Give  sketch  of  General  Wolfe. 

69.  Write  the  great  leading   cause   of   the   Revolution. 
Also  form  for  the  same. 

70.  Tell  the  story  of  the  Boston  Tea  Party. 

71.  Write  a  good  sketch  of  Ethan  Allen. 

72.  Tell  all  about   "  Old  Put." 

73.  What  was  the  first  and  last  battle  of  the  Revolution? 

74.  Tell  what  Burgoyne  and  Clinton  tried  to  do  in  1777. 

75.  Tell  all  about  the  surrender  at  Saratoga. 

76.  Give  full  account  of  the  battle  of  Long  Island. 

77.  Who  was  the   great  American  traitor?     Tell   of  his 
treason. 

78.  What  did  we  gain  by  the  Revolution? 

79.  Tell  of    the  Wyoming  and  Cherry  Valley  massacres. 

80.  Write  outline  for  1775. 

81.  Write  of  the  siege  of  Boston.     Charleston. 


280  UNITED    STATKS    JIISTORY. 

82.  What  were  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  of  Paris? 

83.  Tell  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation? 

84.  Tell  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes. 

85.  Write  a  sketch  of  Washington  as  a  general. 

86.  Write  a  sketch  of  Gates  and  Greene. 

87.  Tell  of  the  French  Alliance  and  La  Fayette. 
88  Write  a  sketch  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

89.  Tell  all  about  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

90.  Write  an  account  of  the  battle  of  Brandywine;  Ger- 
mantown;  Monmouth;  Princeton  and  Eutaw  Springs. 

91.  Write  the  outline  for  Washington's  Administration. 

92.  Tell  of  the  financial  troubles  during  the  Revolutionary 
time. 

93.  Tell  of  the  whisky  insurrection. 

94.  Who  composed  Washington's  cabinet?     Who   com- 
pose the  cabinet  now? 

95.  Make  outline  for  the  branches  of  our  government. 

96.  Tell  of  Citizen  Genet  and  our  government. 

97.  Tell  all  about  Eli  Whitney  and  the  cotton  gin. 

98.  What  is  meant  by  the  Alien  and  Sedition  laws? 

99.  What  States  were   admitted  while  Washington   was 
president?     Give  dates. 

100.  Write  outline  for  John  Adams's  Administration. 

101.  Tell  of  Washington's  death. 

102.  What  is  meant  by  the  Reprisal  Act? 

108.    Write  outline  for  Jefferson's  Administration. 

104.  Give  a  sketch  of  Tripolitan  War. 

105.  Tell  all  about  the  Burr-Hamilton  duel. 

106.  What  is  meant  by  the  Embargo  Act? 

107.  What  States  are  included  in   the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory? 

108.  Write  outline  for  Madison's  Administration. 

109.  What  is  meant  by  the  Non-Intercourse  act? 

110.  Tell  of  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe. 


REVIEWS.  281 

111.  What  is  meant  by  the  affair  of  the  Little  Belt? 

112.  Describe  the  action  at  Frenchtown. 

113.  Tell  all  about  Perry's  victory. 

114.  How  many  armies  were   organized    in    1813?     Give 
their  location. 

115.  Describe  the  battle  of  Lundy's  Lane. 

116.  Tell  of  the  battle  of  New  Orleans. 

117.  Give  sketch  of  Jefferson. 

118.  Write  outline  for  Monroe's  Administration. 

119.  Make  list  of  States  admitted  from  1789  to  1825. 

120.  What  is  meant  by  the  Monroe  Doctrine? 

121.  Tell  all  about  La  Fayette's  visit. 

122.  Give  the  cause  of  the  War  of  1812. 

123.  Write  form  for  Adams's  Administration. 

124.  Give  sketch  of  the  early  railroads. 

125.  What  is  meant  by  a  protective  tariff? 

126.  Give  full  account  of  the  siege  of  Savannah.   (Revolu- 
tion.) 

127.  Trace  Washington  through   the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

128.  Tell  of  our  war  with  Algiers. 

129.  Write  outline  for  Jackson's  Administration. 

130.  Tell  of  Jackson's  veto. 

131.  Write  a  history  of  Black  Hawk's  War. 

132.  What  is  meant  by  S.  C.  Nullification? 

133.  Write  list  of  presidents  to  this  date  (1837),  and  give 
dates  of  inauguration  of  each. 

134.  Write  outline  for  Van  Buren's  Administration. 

135.  What  is  meant  by  the  "Panic  of  '37  "  ? 

136.  Give  history  of  the  Patriot  War. 

137.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  sub-treasury  bill? 

138.  Write  outline  for  Harrison's  Administration. 

139.  Tell  all  about  Dorr's  rebellion. 

140.  Tell  of  Howe  and  his  sewing-machine. 


282  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

141.  Give  history  of  the  telegraph. 

142.  Tell  of  the  Mormon  troubles. 

143.  Make  a  list  of   States  admitted  from  1789  to  1845 
with  dates. 

144.  Write  outline  for  Folk's  Administration. 

145.  What  caused  the  Mexican  War?     What  was  gained 
by  it? 

146.  Tell  all  you  can  about  the  Smithsonian  Institute. 

147.  Describe  the  Battle  of  Monterey. 

148.  What  did  we  pay  in  our  compromise  for  Texas? 
Florida?     Louisiana?     Gadsden  Purchase? 

149.  Trace  Taylor  through  his  campaign.      (See  model.) 

150.  Write  outline  for  Taylor's  Administration. 

151.  Tell  all  about  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California. 

152.  Write  a  sketch  of  Clay  and  Webster. 

153.  Write  outline  of  Pierce's  Administration. 

154.  Explain  the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill.     Also  the  Kan- 
sas struggle. 

155.  Write  outline  of  Buchanan's  Administration. 

156.  Write  the  history  of  the  Dred  Scott  decision. 

157.  Give  the  history  of  the  Atlantic  Cable. 

158.  Write  a  brief  account  of  John  Brown's  raid. 

159.  Make  out  list  of  States  admitted  from  1789  to  1861. 

1 60.  Write  outline  for  causes  of  the  Civil  War. 

161.  Outline  events  for  1861.      Also  for  1862. 

162.  Tell  about  the  Emancipation  Proclamation. 

163.  Write  a  sketch  of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg. 

164.  Write  a  sketch  of  the  siege  of  Vicksburg. 

165.  Write  about  Lee's  surrender. 

166.  Write  the  account  of  Lincoln's  Assassination. 

167.  Write  outline  for  Johnson's  Administration. 

168.  What  is  the  import  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment? 
The  Fifteen  th? 

169.  What  is  the  nature  of  the  tenure  of  office  bill? 


REVIEWS.  283 

170.  Give  an  account  of  the  impeachment  trial. 

17 1.  Write  outline  for  Grant's  Administration. 

172.  Whatis  meant  by  Black  Friday?    Alabama  Claims? 
Geneva    Arbitration?       Credit     Mobilier?       Salary    Grab? 
Patrons  of  Husbandry?      Resumption  Act?     Electoral  Com- 
mission? 

173.  Write  a  note  about  the  Chicago  fire.     Also  of  the 
Boston  fire. 

174.  Write  a  sketch  of  the  Centennial. 

175.  Write  a  sketch  of  Charles  Sumner. 

176.  Write  a  sketch  of  Custer's  defeat. 

177.  Write  outline  for  Hayes's  Administration. 

178.  Write  a  sketch  of  W.  C.  Bryant. 

179.  Write  a  sketch  of  the  Yellow  Fever  and  its  ravages. 

180.  Write  outline  for  Garfield's  Administration. 

181.  What  is  meant  by  the  Star  Route  Trial? 

182.  Give  a  sketch  of  Yorktown  Celebration. 

183.  Write  complete  list  of  the  presidents,  giving  name 
in  full. 

184.  Write  a  list  of  the  wars  from  1789  to  the  present. 

185.  What  wars  were  closed  with  a  treaty? 

186.  When  did  we  become  a  nation? 

187.  What  forms  of  government  have  we  had  since  1607? 

188.  Write  list  of  States  with  dates,  admitted  since  1789. 
Lengthy  reviews  should  be  written  out  on  paper  and  handed 
to  the  teacher   for  correction  or  exchanged  with  members  of 
the  class. 

189.  Make  list  of  presidents  and  in  second  column  tell 
what  party  elected  each. 

190.  a.  Write  a  sketch  of  Lincoln.      b.  Douglas,     c.  Se- 
ward.     d.   Davis  (Jefferson),      e.  Jackson  (Stonewall),     f. 
Grant,    g.   McClellan.     h.   Greeley.     /.   Sherman,    j.   Hayes. 
k.   Garfield.     I.   Daniel  Webster.     (Teacher  will  add  to  this 
list  at  discretion.) 


284  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

191.  Bound  the  territory  obtained  by  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase.     By   the  treaty   of   Guadaloupe    Hidalgo.       By    the 
Gadsden  Purchase.     By  the  Northwest  Territory. 

192.  How  do  you  account  for   so   many    French  names 
along  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Great  Lakes? 

193.  Do  you  believe  the  U.  S.  made  a  profitable  invest- 
ment in  the  purchase  of  Alaska?     Give  reasons. 

194.  What  are  some  of  the  advantages  a  citizen  of  the 
U.  S.  possesses  over  a  citizen  of  England? 

195.  Outline  the  Mexican  War  for  study. 

NOTE. — We  give  an  outline  of  the  Rebellion  as  sugges- 
tive model  for  this  kind  of  work. 

1.  United  States  History. 

2.  The  Rebellion. 

3.  Cause  of  Rebellion. 

1st.  Free  Trade.  The  South  advocating/ree  trade  and 
the  North  a  protective  Tariff. 

2nd.  Slavery,  a.  The  profit  derived  from  the  slave 
trade  and  slave  labor  in  the  South,  b.  Its  opposition  by  the 
North,  c.  Missouri  Compromise,  d.  The  Omnibus  Bill. 
e.  John  Brown's  Raid.  /.  Publication  of  sectional  litera- 
ture, g.  The  admission  of  Kansas. 

3rd.  The  geographical  position  of  the  two  countries,  a. 
Their  interests  in  direct  opposition  in  many  cases,  b.  Re- 
stricted communication.  c.  The  social  status  of  the  two 
countries,  d.  Educational  provisions  widely  different. 

Such  an  outline  of  causes  is  comprehensive  and  serves  to 
give  a  good  idea  of  topical  analysis. 

196.  Name  the  important  political  events  of  Hayes's  Ad- 
ministration. 

197.  Make  list  of  prominent  explorers  and  give  nation- 
ality of  each. 

198.  Give  history  of  formation  and  adoption  of  our  Con- 
stitution. 


REVIEWS.  285 

199.  Outline  the  powers  of  Congress,  as  given  by  the 
Constitution. 

200.  What  were  the  purposes  of  the  Articles  of  Confed- 
eration of  1777. 

201.  How  was  slavery  first  introduced  into  this  country? 

202.  Search  everything  at  hand  and  make  up  a  neat   list 
of  the  names  of  present  Indian   tribes   in   the  U.  S.     Tell 
where  each  tribe  resides. 

203.  Why  were  the  Quakers  persecuted?     Give  account 
of  Witchcraft  delusion. 

204.  What  was  the  Stamp  Act  of  1765,  and  where  first 
formally  resisted? 

205.  What  led  to  the  capture  of  the  city  of  Washington 
in  1814? 

206.  When  and  by  what  body  was  Washington  first  ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief?     Who  nominated  him? 

207.  Give  two  prominent  events  of  Monroe's  Adminis- 
tration. 

208.  For  what  was  Jackson  distinguished  as  a  president? 

209.  What  government  has  the  district  of  Columbia,  and 
what  representation,  if  any,  in  the  U.  S.  Congress? 

210.  What  made  the  United  States  Constitution  a  neces- 
sity in  1789. 

211.  Who  was  Marquette?     What  explorations  did  he 
make? 

212.  How  and  when  was  Maryland  settled? 

213.  Name  the  rebellions  that  have  occurred  in  our  his- 
tory. 

214.  What  was  the  first  Colonial  Congress?     What  col- 
onies composed  the  New  England  settlements? 

215.  What  was  meant  by  the  Navigation  Acts? 

216.  Who  were  the  Jesuit  missionaries? 

217.  Tell  the  story  of  Major  Andre. 

218.  What  was  the  Dorr  Rebellion? 


266  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

219.  Tell  about  the  construction  of  the  Erie  Canal. 

220.  Explain  the  Fugitive  Slave  Act. 

221.  What  is  meant  by  a  veto?     Tell  of  one. 

222.  Give  the    meaning   of   the   Thirteenth,    Fourteenth 
and  Fifteenth  Amendments. 

223.  We  have  paid  $62,700,000  for  lands  acquired;  name 
"  pieces "  purchased  and    price  paid  for  each.     Is  the  sum 
correct? 

224.  Write  dates  of  the  purchases  made  in  chronological 
order. 

225.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  a  homestead.    A  common- 
wealth. 

226.  What   is    a    Sanitary    Fair?     A    Christian    Com- 
mission? 

227.  Tell   of   the   World's   Fair?     The   American   Cen- 
tennial. 

228.  Tell  of  the  "underground  railroad."     Is  it  operated 
now? 

229.  What  are  the  functions  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior? 

230.  What   was   the  Wilmot    Proviso?     The   Free-Soil 
Party? 

231.  Tell  all  about  the  discovery  of  petroleum  and  of  its 
use  and  value. 

232.  Explain  the  money  panic  of  1873. 

233.  What  is  meant  by  Civil  Service  Reform? 

234.  Explain  the  movement  of  the  center   of  population. 

235.  Is  our  government  a  monarchy,  an  aristocracy  or  a 
democracy  ? 

236.  What  is  meant  by  a  declaration  of  war?     A  prisoner 
of  war?     A  siege?     A  privateer?     A  war  prize?     A  truce? 
A  treaty?     A  blockade?     A  contraband  of  war? 


INDIVIDUAL    STATES.  2187" 


INDIVIDUAL  STATES. 


NOTE.  — The  thirteen  original  colonies  have  been  outlined 
in  the  settlement  period. 

BLACKBOARD  FORM. 

T7  (  1724 — Brattleboro. 

Vermont,      !,*•.•,     /-, 

H  <  1777— Government. 

(  1791— Admitted. 

QUESTIONS    AND    ANSWERS. 

NOTE. — Owing  to  the  fact  that  our  school  histories  give 
but  short  sketches  (in  some  cases  none)  of  the  individual 
States,  it  is  thought  best  to  present  the  matter  in  the  shape  of 
questions  and  answers.  Teachers  should  call  the  attention  of 
their  pupils  to  these  outlines  and  require  at  least  a  brief 
notice  of  the  early  settlement  of  each  State. 

1.  From    what   does    Vermont   derive    its    name?     Ans. 
From  two  words,  verd,  green,  and  rnont,  mountain, 

2.  What   two    States   claimed   Vermont?     Ans.   At  first 
New  Hampshire  claimed  it  and,  afterward  New  York. 

3.  "  What  did  Vermont  pay  for  itself  ?"     Ans.   Vermont 
paid  New  York  $30,000  for  her  claims  before  it  could  be  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union. 

4.  Who   were    the   Green   Mountain  Boys?      Ans.    The 
soldiers  of  Vermont  were  so  called  during  the  Revolution. 

5.  Has    Vermont  furnished    a    president   of    the   United 
States?     If  so,  give  his  name. 

6.  What  is  meant  by  the  New  Hampshire  Grants?     Ans. 
All  the  territory  lying  between   New    Hampshire  and  New 
York  was  so  called,  owing  to  the  New  Hampshire  claims. 


288  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

1774 — James  Harrod. 
ms-Boonsborongh. 
1792— Admitted. 

7.  Who  built  the  first  house  in  Kentucky?     Ans.  In  1774 
James  Harrod  built  the  first  log  hut  in  Kentucky  at  what  is 
now  Harrodsburg. 

8.  Who  built  the  first  fort?     Ans.  Daniel  Boone  built  the 
first  fort  at  Boonsborough  in  1775. 

9.  What  is  the  Indian  meaning  of  Kan-tuck-kee?     Ans. 
"  The  dark  and  bloody  ground." 

10.  Has  Kentucky  furnished  a  president   of  the   United 
States?    If  so,  give  name. 

(   1756 — Fort  Loudon. 
Tennessee,    I    1785_Franklin. 

(    1796— Admitted. 

11.  Where  was  the  first  settlement  made  in  Tennessee? 
Ans.  The  first  permanent  settlement  was  made  at  Fort  Loudon 
in  1756.     This  was  about  thirty  miles  above  Knoxville,  on 
the  Tennessee  River. 

12.  What  is  meant  by  the  State  of  Franklin?     Ans.  In 
1785  the  people  became  dissatisfied  with  the  rule  of  North 
Carolina,  by   which  they  were  governed,  and  organized  an 
independent  government  which  they  maintained  until  1788, 
when  it  was  again  united  with  North  Carolina. 

13.  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  Indian  name  Tann-as-see? 
Ans.   "  The  river  of  the  big  bend." 

14.  What  became  of  Daniel  Boone  ?     Aiis.  He  emigrated 
from  Kentucky  to  Missouri  and  died  at  Charette,  September 
26,  1820. 

15.  Where  did  Daniel  Boone  and  the  early  settlers  of 
Kentucky  get  their  salt?     Ans.  At  Blue  Licks,  same  State. 
How  did  they  separate  it  from  the  water? 

Ohio       (    1788— Marietta. 
1789— Cincinnati. 
1803— Admitted. 


INDIVIDUAL    STATES.  289 

16.  Who  made  the  first  permanent  settlement  in  Ohio? 
Ans.  General  Ruf  us  Putnam  led  the  first  settlers  to  Ohio  in 
1788.      They  came    from    Massachusetts    and    settled    at 
Marietta. 

17.  What  capitals  has  Ohio  had?     Ans.   Chillicothe  was 
the  capital  from  1800  to  1810;  Zanesville  from  1810  to  1812; 
Chillicothe  from  1812  to  1816;  the  seat  of  government  was 
removed  from  Chillicothe  to  Columbus  in  1816. 

18.  What  was  Cincinnati  once  called?     Ans.   Fort  Wash- 
ington.    Cincinnati  was  also  called  Losanteville. 

19.  When  did  the  first  steamboat  pass  down  the  Ohio? 
Ans.  The  "  Orleans"  passed  down  the  Ohio  in  1811.     It  was 
built  at  Pittsburg. 

20.  When  was  the  North  west  Territory  organized?     Ans. 
In  1787.     It  included  the  present  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 

T      .  .  (    1699— Biloxi. 

Louisiana,     \    ,,,,0     XT       /^  i 
lft  ^    1718— Mew  Orleans. 

.  *  (    1812— Admitted. 

21.  When  and  where  was  the  first  permanent  settlement 
made  in  Louisiana?     Ans.  In  1718  at  New  Orleans.     Biloxi 
bad  been  settled  by  Iberville  in  1699  and  this  opened  the  way 
to  settlement  in  the  Territory  of  Louisiana. 

22.  When  was  the  American  flag  first  hoisted  in  the  vil- 
lage of  New  Orleans?     Ans.  In  1803. 

23.  What  noted  public  works  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River?     Ans.  Eads'  s  Jetties,  which  enable  ocean  steam- 
ers to  ascend  the  river  to  New  Orleans.     Describe  them. 

24.  What  did  Jefferson  regard  as  the  greatest  act  of  his 
administration?     Ans.  The  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  1803. 

25.  For  whom  was   Louisiana    named?    Ans.    For  the 
French  King  Louis  XIV,  by  La  Salle. 

T    ,.  (   1702 — Vincennes. 

Indiana,       J    17l9_Indianapolis. 

19  (   1816— Admitted. 


290  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

26.  When  was  the  first  settlement  made  in  Indiana?  Ans. 
It  is  not  known.     The  earliest  settlement  authenticated  was 
that  of  Vincennes  in  1702. 

27.  Who   founded  Indianapolis?     Ans.  John   Pogue   in 
1819. 

28.  What  president  was  once  governor  of  Indiana  Terri- 
tory?    Ans.  William  Henry  Harrison,  of  Tippecanoe  fame. 

29.  When  did  Indianapolis  become  the  capital?     Ans.  In 
1825  the  seat  of  government  was  removed  from  Corydon  to 
this  place. 

30.  What  is  the  origin  of   the  term  "Hoosier  State"? 
Ans.  The  word  Hoosier  is  a  corruption  of  the  word  husher, 
a  Western  term  for  a  bully. 

-.,....       (    1699 — Biloxi. 
Mississippi,      )    ]7l6_FortRosalie. 

j    1817— Admitted. 

31.  Where  was  the  first  permanent  settlement  made  in  this 
State?     Ans.  At  Biloxi,  by  Iberville  in  1690. 

32.  When  was  Natchez  founded?     Ans.   In   1716  a  fort 
called  Rosalie  was  built  on  the  present  site  of  Natchez. 

33.  What   is   the   Indian   word   for    Mississippi?     Ans. 
Miche  Sepe,   and 'translated,  "Great  River."     Another  au- 
thority gives  it  as  "The  Great  Father  of  Waters." 

34.  Why  were  the  Natchez  Indians  supposed  to  be  related 
to  the  tribes  of  Peru  and  Mexico?     Ans.   Because  of  their 
customs  and  habits,  which  were  very  similar. 

35.  What  is  the  principal  staple  of  Mississippi?     Ans. 
Cotton. 

T11.  (    1682— Kaskaskia. 

1812— Fort  Dearborn. 
(    1818— Admitted. 

36.  What  places  were  probably  settled  as  soon  as  Kas- 
kaskia?    Ans.  Peoria  claims  to  have  been  settled  first.     It  is 
admitted  that  Cahokia  was  settled  at  the  same  time  as  Kas- 
kaskia. 


INDIVIDUAL    STATE*?.  291 

37.  What  noted  mines  in   Illinois?     Ans.    The   Galena 
lead  mines. 

38.  What  did  the  Mormons  attempt  to  build  at  Nauvoo? 
Ans.    They  commenced  to  build  a  temple  on  a  grand  plan, 
but  their  troubles  with  the  people  and  the  authorities  in  1844 
caused  the  suspension  of  this  work.     A  part  of  the  walls  are 
still  standing. 

39.  What  is  the  meaning  of  Illinois?     Ans.    The  word  is 
from  the  Delaware  word  leno,  leni,  or  ilini,  meaning  real,  or 
superior  men.     The  termination  is  of  French  origin. 

40.  When  was  Illinois  carved  out  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory as  a  separate  territory?     Ans.    In  1809. 

A1  ,  (    1789 — Mississippi. 

Alabama,    '       .,  n  „     0  ,  *T 

'  1    1817 — Separated. 

(    1819— Admitted. 

41.  Where  was  Alabama  first  settled  ?     Ans.   It  was  first 
settled  at  Mobile  in  1711  by  the  French.     That  part  of  the 
Territory  now  known  as  Alabama  and  Mississippi  was  erected 
into  the  Territory  of  Mississippi  in  ]  798.    The  separation  took 
place  in   1817,  when  the  latter  State  was  admitted  into  the 
Union. 

42.  What  did  we  pay  Georgia  for  her  claims  to  Alabama 
soil?     Ans.    In  1802   we  paid  Georgia  $1,250,000   for  her 
claims  to  this  soil. 

43.  What  is  the  meaning  of  Alabama  ?     Ans.   The  mean- 
ing of  the  Indian  word  for  Alabama  is  "  Here  we  rest." 

44.  What  is  the  nickname  for  a  native  of  Alabama?  Ans 
The  natives  are  called  "  Lizards." 

45.  What  singular  vegetable  production  is  found  on  tne 
trees  of  Southern  Alabama?     Ans.    A  celebrated  sea  moss, 
which   hangs  pendant  from  the  branches  of   trees  in  such 
masses  as  to  darken  the  ground  in  some  placea 


Maine    (    !622— Monhegan. 

,"e'  1    1688— Massachusetts. 
lb-°'      /    1820— Admitted. 


292  UNITKl)    STATES    HISTORY. 

46.  Who  first  visited  Maine  ?•    Ans.    Bartholomew  Gos- 
nold,  in  1602;  Martin  Pring,  in   1603;  Del  Monts,  in   1604, 
and  in  1605  Captain  Weymouth  visited  its  shores. 

47.  Who  attempted  the  first  settlement?     Ans.    George 
Pophani.     He  abandoned  his  settlement  in   1608.     In  1622 
Monhegan  was  settled.     Saco  was  probably  settled  the  same 
year. 

48.  What  colony  ruled  Maine  for  a  number  of  years. 
Ans.    Massachusetts  governed  this  province  at  many  different 
periods,  until  1688,  when  it  remained  subject  to  Massachu- 
setts until  its  admission  in  1820. 

49.  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Maine?     Ans.    It 
means  the  main  (mayne)  land,  and  was  first  used  to  distinguish 
the  shore  from  the  islands  in  the  vicinity  of  the  shore. 

50.  How  did  King  Philip  affect  the  people  of  Maine  in 
his  war  of  1675?     Ans.    The   Indians    of   Maine   being   in 
sympathy   with   him,    committed    numerous    murders,    and 
destroyed  many  neighborhoods. 

,T.          .     (    1755 — St.  Genevieve. 
Missouri,    '    ,  „„,     cu    T 

'  •{    1764— St.  Louis. 

(    1821— Admitted. 

51.  What  nations  made  the  first  settlements  in  Missouri? 
Ans.    The  French.     They  settled  St.  Genevieve  in  1755,  as 
well  as  other  places  about  the  same  time. 

52.  How  many  houses  were  there  in  St.  Louis  in  1764? 
Ans.    There  were  four   dwellings   and   a   store.     The   first 
steamboat  to  visit  this  city  was  in  1817. 

53.  Why  is  Missouri  so  called?     Ans.    From  the  Indian 
name  of  a  tribe  which  inhabited  this  State. 

54.  What  is  one  of  the  great  land-marks  of  American 
history?     Ans.    The  Missouri  Compromise.     When  was  it 
passed  and  what  was  it? 

55.  What  is  the  Indian  signification  for  Missouri  ?    Ans. 
Muddy  Water. 


INDIVIDUAL    STATKS.  293 

(    1668— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 
\    1701-Detroit. 
(    1837— Admitted. 

56.  From  what  is  the  name  derived?     Ans.    From  two 
Chippewa  words,  mitchi,  great,  and  sawgyeyan,  lake,  mean- 
ing great  lake. 

57.  Where  was  the  first  settlement  made  ?     Ans.    Father 
Marquette  founded  Sault  Ste.   Marie  in   1668.      Detroit  was 
founded  by  Cadillac  in  1701. 

58.  Has  Michigan  supplied  a  president? 

59.  What  American   hung  out  the  white  tablecloth  at 
Detroit?     Ans.    General  Hull,  in  War  of  1812. 

60.  What  is  the  nickname  for  natives  of  Michigan  ?   Ans. 
They  are  called  ' '  Wolverines. " 

.   ,  1803 — Louisiana. 

Arkansas, 

1819— Organized. 

1836— Admitted. 

61.  How  do  you  pronounce  Arkansas?     Ans.    It  is  pro- 
nounced Ar-kan-sah,  accented  on  the  first  syllable;  at  least 
this  pronunciation    was  authorized  by  the  legislature  of  the 
State. 

62.  When  was  this  State  organized  from  the  Louisiana 
pui-chase?     Ans.    In  1818  it  was  organized  as  a  Territory, 
and  admitted  in  1836. 

63.  Was  Jackson  president  when  Michigan  was  admitted  ? 

64.  What  are  the  people  of  Arkansas  called  ?  Ans.    They 
are  known  as  "Bears." 

65.  What  is  a  Creole?     Ans.    One  born  within  or  near 
the  tropics  is  the  usual  sense,  but  it  frequently  applies  to  one 
born  in  the  Southern  States  or  the  West  Indies,  of  European 
parents.     It  never  implies  a  degree  of  negro  blood. 

™     .-,        (    1565 — St.  Augustine. 
Florida,    )    .  D 

'        1696  — Pensacola. 

1845— Admitted. 


294  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

66.  Why  was  Florida  so  called  ?     Ans.    Partly  on  account 
of  its  florid  or  flowery  appearance  and  partly  from  the  fact 
that  it  was  discovered  on  Easter  Sunday  (Pascua  Florida). 

67.  What  inscription  did  the  Spaniards  place  upon  the 
hanged    Frenchmen?      Ans.     "Not  as   Frenchmen,    but   as 
heretics. " 

68.  How  did  the  French  retaliate?     Ans.    The  French 
soon  afterward  avenged  these  murders  by  hanging  the  Span- 
iards on  the  same  trees  which  bore  the  moldering  bones  of 
the  murdered.     Their  inscription  read,  "  Not  as  Spaniards, 
but  as  cut-throats  and  murderers." 

69.  What  is  the  oldest  settlement  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  United  States  ?   Ans.    The  settlement  at  St.  Augustine, 
made  by  the  Spaniards  in  1565,  is  the  oldest  one  in  the  limits 
of  the  United  States. 

70.  What  is  the  popular  name  for  the  natives  of  Florida  ? 
Ans.    They  are  known  by   the  appellation  of    "  Fly-tip-the- 
Creek,"  from  a  kind  of  bird  which  follows  the  windings  of 
the  streams  when  disturbed. 

Tex   »    (  1685~ La  Salle' 
i«Si    -S  1836— Independent. 
'    (  1845— Admitted. 

7 1 .  What  is  the  Lone  Star  State  ?     Ans.  Texas  is  so  called 
from  its  single  star  found  on  the  State  seal. 

72.  What  were  the  first  places  settled  in  Texas?     Ans. 
The  first  attempt  at  settlement  was  under  the  auspices  of  La 
Salle,  at  Matagorda  Bay,  in  1685.     He  called  his  stockade 
Fort  St.  Louis.     The  colony  was  soon  dispersed  by  the  French, 
and  finally  a  number  of  weak  posts  were  established.     Texas 
has  had  a  varied  history  previous  to  its  annexation  to  the 
United  States  in  1845. 

73.  What  is  the  only  State  in  the  Union  which  was  once 
an  independent  republic?     Ans.    Texas  was  an  independent 
republic  from  1836  to  1845. 


INDIVIDUAL    STATES.  295 

74.  What  was   the    last    official  act  of   President  Tyler? 
Ans.     He  signed  the  bill  admitting  Texas  into  the  Union  as 
a  State. 

75.  Who  was  the  "•  President  of  Texas?"     Ans.     General 
Samuel  Houston. 

T  (    1788 — Dubuque. 

J    1833— Burlington. 
46-        (    1846— Admitted. 

76.  What  is  the  Indian   meaning   of  Iowa?     Aiis.      It  is 
said  to  mean  "This  is  the  land,"  or  "  The  beautiful  land." 

77.  Who  first  smoked  the    "Pipe  of  Peace"  with  the 
Indians  of  Iowa?     Ans.     Marquette  and  Joliet,  in  1673. 

78.  What  are  natives  of  Iowa  called?     Ans.     They  are 
called  "Hawkeyes. " 

79.  Which  is  the    "Turpentine  State?"     Ans.      North 
Carolina  is  so  called  from  the  quantities  of  tar  and  turpentine 
produced. 

80.  The  northern  boundary  of   what  States  and  Territory 
are  exactly  midway  between  the  Equator  and  the  North  Pole? 
Ans.     The  northern  boundaries  of  New  York,  Vermont   and 
Wyoming.     The  same  is  true  of  the  National  Park. 

Wisconsin,      \    1640 -Prairie  du  Chien. 
-J    1836 —Organized. 
(    1848— Admitted. 

81.  What  is   the   orgin  of   the   word  Wisconsin?     Ans. 
The  name  of  the  State  is    adopted  from  that  of  its  principal 
river  which  the  French  spelled    Oxisconsin.     It  is  said  to 
mean  ' '  Wild-rushing  river. " 

82.  What   does  Prairie   du    Chien  mean?     Ans.     These 
words  mean  "  Dog-prairie." 

83.  Who  are  called  "Badgers-?  "     Ans.     The  inhabitants 
of  Wisconsin  are  so  called. 

84.  What   was  Joe   Smith's     "  Urim    and  Thummim?" 
Ans.     Two  transparent  stones  with  which   he  pretended  to 


296  UNITED    RTATKS    HISTORY. 

read  the    inscription   on   the  golden    plates  discovered   with 
them. 

85.  Has  Wisconsin  furnished  a  president?    If  so,  whom? 

r,  ,.,.       •          (    1768  —  San  Diego. 
Calilornia,  0      ,-,     &  . 

•{    1770  —  San  Francisco. 

(    1850—  Admitted. 

86.  Why  so    called?     Ans.     The  word  California  first 
occurs  in  the  writings  of  Bernal  Diaz  del  Castillo,  an  officer 
who  served  under  Cortez  in  the  conquest  of  Mexico.     This 
writer  limits  the  name  to  a  single  bay. 

87.  What  was  Col.    Sutter  doing  when  his   laborer  dis- 
covered gold?     Ans.     He  was  digging   a  mill-race  and  the 
shining  particles  were  noticed  by  Mr.  Marshall. 

88.  Why  did  not  California  furnish  troops   in    the  late 
Civil  War?     Ans.     Because  of  her  isolated  locality,   there 
being  no  railroads  across  the  mountains. 

89.  Why  is  this  called  the   "Golden  State?"     Ans.     On 
account  of  its  great  production  of  the  precious  metals. 

90.  What  is  the  motto  of    California?     Ans.     Eureka. 
"I  have  found  it." 

-°°L  Pike 


Minnesota, 

;    1849—  Organized. 

(    1858—  Admitted. 

01.  When  was  Minnesota  explored?    Ans.     In  1805  Pike 
and  others  explored  the  Father  of  Waters  to  its  source. 

92.  Who  are  the   "Gophers"?     Ans.     The  inhabitants 
of  Minnesota. 

93.  What  is  the  meaning  of  Minnesota?     Ans.     The  In- 
dian meaning  is  "  Cloudy  Water." 

94.  Who  led  the  Indians  in  the  massacre  of  1862?     Ans. 
Little  Crow. 

95.  Who  named  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony?     Ans.  Louis 
Hennepin,  in  1680. 


INDIVIDUAL,    STATES.  297 

Oregon,       (    1^-Capt.  Gray. 
1    1811—  Astoria. 
(    1859—  Admitted. 

96.  When  was  Oregon   first    explored?     Ans.     Captain 
Robert  Gray,   of   Boston,  entered  a  large    river   which  he 
named  Columbia,  in  honor  of  his  vessel.     This  was  in  1792. 

97.  Why  was  Astoria    so    called?     Ans.     In  honor   of 
John   Jacob  Astor,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  New  York,  and 
leading  member  of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company. 

98.  What  is  the  "State  of  hard  cases  "?     Ans.      Oregon 
is  so  designated. 

99.  What  is  the  motto  of  Oregon?     Ans.    "The  Union." 

100.  Who  was  Captain  Jack?    Ans.     He  was  the  Chief  of 
the  Modocs  in  the  Modoc  War  in  the  Lava  Beds  in  1872-73. 


Kansas  —  Kansas-Nebraska. 

1854  —  Kansas  Struggle. 
(    1861—  Admitted. 

101.  What  is  meant  by  the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill?     Ans. 
It  was  the  bill  passed  by  Congress  allowing  these  States  to 
elect  whether  they  be  admitted  as  slave  States  or  not. 

102.  What  was  the  Kansas  struggle?     Ans.     A  struggle 
to  make  it  a  slave  State  on  one  hand  and  to    prevent   this  on 
the  other. 

103.  What   became   of   John    Brown,  of   Kansas  fame? 
Ans.     He  was  hanged  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Dec.  2,  1859. 

104.  What  is  the  "Northern  Wonderland"?     Ans.  The 
National  Park,  set  apart  by  the  National  Government  for  "a 
perpetual  reservation  for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of   the 
people." 

105.  What  is  the  "Garden  of  the  West"?     Ans.      Kan- 
sas is  so  called. 

West  Virinia. 


1861  —  Wheeling. 
1863-  /    1863—  Admitted. 


298  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

106.  How  was  the  State  of  West  Virginia  organized? 
Ans.     About  twelve  hundred  voters   met   at   Clarksburg   in 
April,  1861,  and  passed  resolutions  denouncing  the  action  of 
the  Legislature  in    passing   the  Secession   ordinance.     This 
meeting  also  recommended  the  selection  of  delegates  to  meet 
at  Wheeling.     Twenty-five  counties  were  represented  at  this 
meeting  on  May  13.     Another  meeting  was  held  on  May  20, 
at  Wheeling.     This  delegate  convention  elected  a   governor 
(Francis  H.  Pierpont)   and  "re-organized  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia." 

107.  What   is  the  only  instance  of  a  State  being  con- 
structed from  the  territory  of  another  State?     Ans.     That  of 
West  Virginia  from  Virginia. 

108.  What  is  the  motto  of  West  Virginia?    Ans.    "  Mon- 
tani  Semper  Liber  i^"1  '•  Mountaineers  are  always  free." 

Nevada,       I     1848-Carson. 

1849— Gold. 
(     1864— Admitted. 

109.  Where  and  by  whom  was  Nevada  first  settled?  Ans. 
At  Carson,  Washoe  and  Eagle  valleys,  by  the  Mormons. 

110.  What  does  Nevada   mean?     Ans.     The   meaning  is 
"  Snow-covered." 

111.  What  are  its  inhabitants    called?     Ans.     They  are 
called  "Miners"  or  "  Diggers." 

Nebraska        (    1854 — Kansas-Nebraska. 
J    1867— Vetoed. 
(    1867— Admitted. 

112.  How  was   Nebraska   organized   as    a   State?     Ans. 
The  provisions  were  the  same  as  for  the  admission  of  Kansas, 
but  as  the  South  made  no  attempt  to  introduce  slavery  with- 
in   its  borders  the   disgraceful  scenes  of   Kansas  were    not 
enacted. 

113.  Why  did  Nebraska  knock  at  Uncle  Sam's  door  for 
admission  as  a  State  when  it  only  had  a  population   of  a  few 


INDIVIDUAL    STATES.  299 

thousand?     Ans.     Her   people  desired    to    possess    all    the 
rights  and  privileges  of  the  citizens  of  a  State. 

114.  Why  did  Johnson  veto  the  bill  for  the  admission  of 
Nebraska?     Ans.     On  the  ground  that  the   conditions  were 
not  as  contained  in  the  enabling  act  of  April  19,  1864;  passed 
especially  for  the  admission  of  this  Territory  as  a  State,  and 
on  the  ground  that  the  Territory  did  not  possess  the  required 
population. 

115.  Who  are  the  "Bug  Eaters?"     Ans.   Inhabitants  of 
Nebraska  are  so  called.     Are  you  a  "  Bug  Eater  "? 

116.  What  is  the  meaning  of  Nebraska  ?   Ans.   ' '  Water 
Valley." 

Colorado,      (    1852-Gold. 

-^    1861 — Organized. 
(    1876— Admitted. 

117.  Who  first  visited  Colorado  ?     Ans.   Vasquez  Coron- 
ado  visited  this  part  of  the  United  States  about  1540. 

118.  What  is  the  popular  name  for  Colorado  ?     Ans.   The 
"  Centennial  State,"  or  the  "Silver  "  State. 

119.  What  tribe  of  Indians  hold  to  their  primitive  State 
most  closely  and  still  refuse  to  have  intercourse  with  either 
the  red  man  or  with  the  whites  ?  Ans.   The  Comanche  is  now 
the  only  typical  Indian. 

Washington,       (    1846-Tumwater. 

-/    1853— Organized. 
(    1889 — Admitted. 

120.  Where  and  when  was  the  State  of  Washington  first  set- 
tled?    Ans.   At  Tumwater,   in   1845,  by  some  families  who 
had  crossed  the  plains  in  wagons. 

121.  How    was   the  question   of  the    possession    of  the 
islands  lying  Northwest  of  this  State  decided?     Ans.     Great 
Britain  claimed  the  islands  in  Washington  Sound,  but  this 
trouble  was  settled  by  leaving  the  question  to  the  Emperor 
of  Germany.     He  decided  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  and 
in  1873  they  were  formed  into  the  county  of  San  Juan. 


300  UNITED   STATES    HISTORY. 

(      1859— Yankton. 

N>  and  S00Dakota  \      1861-Organized. 

(      1889— Admitted. 

122.  Of  what  were  North  and  South  Dakota  originally 
a  part?     Ans.     Of  Minnesota,  until  1849. 

123.  Were  there  any  people  in  these  Territories  when 
first  settled?    Ans.     A  large  number  of  Indians  were  roam- 
ing over  them,  and  a  few  French  were  here  and  there  located 
for  a  time. 

(      1863— Virginia  City. 
Montana,  1      1864— Organized. 

(      1889— Admitted. 

124.  Why  was  Montana  organized  so  soon  after  its  first 
settlement?     Ans.     Because  of  the  rapid  emigration  to  its 
gold  mines,  which  were  soon  opened  by  the  miners. 

(     1855— Boise  City. 
i»Qn  1      1863-Organized. 

(      1890— Admitted. 

125.  What  company  first  penetrated  the  wilds  of  Idaho? 
Ans.     The  Hudson's  Bay  Fur  Company  first  established 
trading  posts  in  Idaho.     The  dates  of  the  first  actual  settle- 
ments in  many  of  the  Territories  are  not  known  to  a  certainty. 

(      1867 — Cheyenne. 
1868-Organized. 
(      1890— Admitted. 

126.  What  caused  the  settling  of  Wyoming?    Ans.     The 
building  of  the  U.  P.  R.  R.  opened  up  the  country  to  settlers. 

utah  (      1847— Salt  Lake  City. 

lscm  '  1850 — Organized. 

(      1896— Admitted. 

127.  When  and  where  was  Utah  first  settled?     Ans. 
In  1847,  at  Salt  Lake  City,  by  the  Mormons  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Brigham  Young. 


INDIVIDUAL   STATES.  301 

128.  How      was      the      Territory      organized?        In      March, 
1849,    a    provisional    government    was    organized    known    as    "the 
State  of  Deseret."     This  was  superseded  in  1850  by  the  organiza- 
tion of   a  territory   called   Utah    (Sept.   9).     Utah   was   admitted 
into  the  Union  as  a  State  in   1896. 

129.  Do  fish  live  in  Salt  Lake?     Ans.     No.     A  gallon  of  the 
water    of    this    lake    when    condensed    gives    about    a    quart    of 
salt. 

130.  Who     are     the     "batter     Day     Saints"?       Ans.       The 
Mormons    are    so    called.      The    sect    was    founded     by    Joseph 
Smith    (born    at    Sharon,    Vt.,    in    1805,    and    killed    at    Carthage, 
111.,  in   1844),   who   claimed   to  have   visions   at   the   age   of   thir- 
teen.     He    claimed    that    the    angel    Moroni    appeared    to    him    on 
the    night    of    Sept.    9,    1823,    informing    him    that    God    had    a 
work    for    him    to    do    and    that    a    record    written    upon    golden 
plates,  giving  an  account  of  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  America 
and    of    the    dealings    of    God    with    them,    was    deposited    in    a 
particular   place   in    the    earth,    and    with    the    plates,    two    trans- 
parent   stones    in    silver    bows    like    spectacles,    called    the    Urim 
and    Thummim,    and    by    means    of    which    the    writing    on    the 
plates  could  be   read.     He   declared   that   the   angel   of   the   Lord 
placed  these  plates,   together  with  the  Urim  and   Thummim,  into 
his  hands   on   Sept.    22,    1827. 

131.  How   did   Smith  pretend   to   read   the   writings   on   these 
plates?      Ans.      He    sat    behind    a    blanket    stretched    across    the 
room    and    pretended    to    translate    the    hieroglyphics    to    Oliver 
Cowdery,    who    sat    in    front    of    the    blanket    and    wrote    what 
he  dictated.     This  book  was  published  in  1830  and  was  called  the 
"Book    of   Mormon,"    or    "Golden    Bible." 

132.  Whom    do    the    Mormons    call    "the    three    witnesses"? 
Ans.       Oliver     Cowdery,     David     Whitmer     and     Martin     Harris 
were   so   called   as   they   had   witnessed,    thus,    "We    declare    with 
words    of    soberness    that    an    angel    of    God    came    down    from 
Heaven,    and    he    brought    and    laid    before    our    eyes    that    we 


302  UNITED   STATES   HISTORY. 

beheld  and  saw  the  plates  and  the  engravings  thereon."  All 
three  of  these  witnesses  afterward  denounced  Mor monism 
and  declared  it  false  and  a  base  fabrication. — See  the  Ameri- 
can Cyclopedia. 

J1889 — Americans. 
1890 — Organized. 
1907— Admitted. 

133.  Of  what  other  Territory  was  Oklahoma  originally 
a  part  and  what  has  become  of  that  Territory?  Ans.  In- 
dian Territory ;  with  Oklahoma  it  forms  the  new  state. 


INDIVIDUAL  TERRITORIES. 


(      1582— Santa  Fe. 
New  Mexico.  <      1850 — Organized. 


134.  Who    first    visited    New    Mexico?    Ans.     Espejo 
visited  this  territory  in  1582  and  founded  Sante  Fe.     This 
was  seventeen  years  after  the  settlement  at  St.  Augustine. 

135.  How  did  this  Territory  come  into  the  possession  of 
the  United  States?    Ans.     General  Kearney  conquered  it  in 
1846,  and  in  1848  it  was  ceded  to  this  government  by  the 
treaty  of  Guadaloupe  Hidalgo.     In  1850  it  was  organized  as 
a  Territory.     The  region  lying  south  of  the  Gila  was  acquired 
Dec.  30,  1853,  under  the  title  of  the  Gadsden  Purchase,  and 
annexed  to  New  Mexico  by  act  of  congress,  Aug.  4,  1854. 
The  Territory  then  contained,  besides  the  region  now  within 
its  limits,  the  whole  of  Arizona  and  a  portion  of  Colorado  and 
Nevada.     New  Mexico  has  knocked  at  "Uncle  Sam's  Door' 
several  times  but  "he  does  not  say  come  in." 

f      1800— Tucson. 
Arizona.  j      1863— Organized. 


INDIVIDUAL    TERRITORIES.  303 

•136.  How  was  the  Territory  organized?  Ans.  On  Feb. 
24,  1863,  congress  organized  Arizona  by  cutting  its  entire 
area  from  New  Mexico. 

137.  Has  the   settlement   of  Arizona  a  definite   history? 
Ans.     No.     It  was  probably  settled  over  a  century  since  in 
the  vicinity  of  Tucson  by  the  Spaniards. 

(    1790— Kodiac. 
Alaska.     •<    1867 — Purchased. 
(    1884 — Organized. 

138.  What  power  first  owned  Alaska?     Ans.  Russia  first 
explored  Alaska  under  the  order  of  Peter  the  Great  in  1728. 
This  power    established  a  government  at  Kodiac  in   1790. 
The  United  States  purchased  the  Territory  of  Russia  in  1867 
for  $7,200,000. 

f  1790 — Act  of  Congress. 
District  of  j    1800 — Seat  of  Government. 
Columbia,    j    1862 — Slavery. 

[_  1872 — Organized. 

139.  Who  selected  the  site  for  the  District  of  Columbia? 
Ans.     Washington,  in  1790.     An  act  of  Congress  passed  June 
28,  1790,  established  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  rather  pro- 
vided for  its  organization.     The  clause  is  as  follows:    "That 
a  district  of  territory  on  the  river  Potomac,  at   some   place 
between  the  mouths  of  the  Eastern  Branch  and  the  Connoga- 
cheague,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  accepted  for  the  perma- 
nent seat  of  government  of  the  United  States. "     Maryland 
had  ceded  sixty-four  miles,  called  the  county  of  Washington, 
in  1788,  and  Virginia  had  so  given  thirty-six  miles,   called 
the  county  of  Alexandria,  in  1789,  to  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment, but  it  was  not  accepted  until  1790. 

140.  Why  has  the  District  but  sixty-four  square  miles  at 
the  present   time?     Ans.   Congress  ceded  the  thirty- six  miles 
which  Virginia  had  presented  back  to  that  commonwealth  in 
.1846. 


304  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

141.  When  was  slavery  abolished  in  the  District  of   Col- 
umbia?    Ans.    April  16,  1862. 

142.  Is  Washington  City  incorporated ?     Ans.    No.     The 
charter  was  repealed  in  1871. 

143.  How  was  the  District  governed  previous    to    1871? 
Ans.    It  was  governed  directly  by  Congress,  having  no    rep- 
resentation in  that  body. 

144.  Why  do  not  the  people  of  this   District  vote   for 
president?     Ans.    Because  it  is  a  Territory.     It   became   a 
Territory  with  one  delegate  in  Congress  on  June  1,  1871. 


ORIGIN    OF    THE    NAMES    OF    STATES.  306 


ORIGIN  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  STATES. 


It  is  sometimes  a  matter  of  interest  to  know  the  origin  01 
the  name  of  a  certain  State.  We  append  a  list  of  the  States 
with  the  accepted  version  of  the  origin.  The  teacher  should 
call  the  attention  of  his  pupils  to  this  list,  and  by  question- 
ing a  little  daily,  endeavor  to  fix  the  origin  of  the  most 
important  names. 

MAINE,  from  Mayne-land. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  from  Hampshire,  England. 

VERMONT,  from  verd  (green)  and  mont  (mountain).  Lit- 
erally "  Green  Mountain." 

MASSACHUSETTS,  from  an  Indian  term,  meaning  "  Slue 
Hills."  Another  source  authorizes,  "  The  place  of  great 


RHODE  ISLAND,  from  the  Island  of  Rhodes,    Mediterra- 
nean Sea,  also  "  Roodt  Eylandt,"  red  island. 

CONNECTICUT,  from  an  Indian  word  which  means  "  Long 
River." 

NEW  YORK,  from  the  Duke  of  York,  England. 

NEW   JERSEY,    from     the   Island    of    Jersey,    coast   of 
France. 

DELAWARE,  from  De  la  War,   at  one  time   governor   of 
Virginia.     Lord  Delaware. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  from  Penn,  and  sylvia    (woods)  meaning 
'  '  Penrfs  woods.  " 

MARYLAND,  from  Queen  Henrietta  Maria. 

VIRGINIA,  from  the  Virgin  Queen,  Elizabeth. 

NORTH  CAROLINA,  from  Charles  II,  King  of   England. 
The  Latin  is  "  Carolus." 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  same  source. 

GEORGIA,  from  George  77,  of  England. 
90 


S06  I  NMTKD    STATKS    HISTORY. 

FLORIDA,  from  a  Spanish  word  meaning  flowering. 
Another  version  has  it  that  De  Leon  made  the  discovery  of 
the  peninsula  on  Easter  Sunday,  "  Pasqua  de  Flores"  and 
from  this  the  name  was  derived. 

ALABAMA,  from  an  Indian  word  meaning  "•  Here  we  rent. " 

MISSISSIPPI,  from  an  Indian  word  which  means,  "  Great 
father  of  Waters.'" 

LOUISIANA,  from  Louis  XIV,  King  of  France. 

TEXAS,  supposed  to  be  of  Mexican  origin,  but  no  authentic 
account  is  given. 

ARKANSAS,  from  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  same  name. 

MISSOURI,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Muddy 
Water." 

TENNESSEE,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  River  with 
a  Great  Bend." 

KENTUCKY,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "Dark  and 
Bloody  Ground." 

ILLINOIS,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  River  of  Men." 

OHIO,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Beautiful  River ." 

MICHIGAN,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Great 
Lakes." 

WISCONSIN,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Gathering 
of  the  Waters." 

IOWA,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning    "Drowsy    Ones." 

MINNESOTA,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Cloudy 
Water. " 

KANSAS,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Smoky  Water." 

NEBRASKA,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  Water 
Valley." 

NEVADA,  from  a  Spanish  word,  meaning  '•  Snow  Covered." 

COLORADO,  probably  from  the  Spanish. 

CALIFORNIA,  from  a  character  in  an  old  Spanish  romance. 

OREGON,  from  the  Spanish  "Oregano,"  wild    marjoram. 

DAKOTA,  from  an  Indian  word,  meaning  "  the  allies." 


ORIGIN*    OF    THE    NAMES    OF    STATES.  307 

IDAHO,  a  ShosLone  name,  said  to  mean  "  The  sunshine  on 

the  mountain  tops. " 

MONTANA,  a  Spanish  adjective,  meaning  "  Mountainous. " 

WYOMING,  an  Indian  name,   meaning  "Broad   Valley." 

WASHINGTON,  for  the  Father  of  his  Country. 

WEST  VIRGINIA,  same  as  Virginia. 

INDIANA,    from    an    Indian    word,    meaning     "Indian 

Ground. " 

NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 

How  many  and  what  States  have  an  Indian  origin? 

Which  are  named  for  kings? 

Which  for  queens? 

Which  for  rivers? 

Which  for  a  plant? 

Which  name  do  you  admire  most,  and  why 'f 


308  UNITED    STATES    HISTOUT. 


NAMES  AND  MOTTOES  OF  STATES. 


UNITED  STATES  —  E  Pluribus  Uhum,  —  ' '  One  out  of 
many. " 

ALABAMA — No  motto. 

ARKANSAS — Regnant  Populi, — "The  people  rule." 

CALIFORNIA — Eureka, — "I  have  found  it." 

COLORADO — Nil  sine  Ntimine, — "Nothing  without  God." 

CONNECTICUT —  Qui  transtulit,  tfustinet, —  "He  who 
brought  us  over  sustains  us." 

DELAWARE — "Liberty  and  Independence." 

FLORIDA — "In  God  we  trust." 

GEORGIA — "Wisdom,  Justice  and  Moderation." 

ILLINOIS — "State  Sovereignty,  National  Union." 

INDIANA — No  motto. 

IOWA — "Our  liberties  we  prize,  our  rights  we  will  main- 
tain." 

KANSAS — Ad  astra per  aspera, — "To  the  stars  through 
difficulties." 

KENTUCKY — "United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall." 

LOUISIANA — "Union  and  Confidence." 

MAINE — Dirigo, — "I  direct." 

MARYLAND — Crescite  et  multiplicamini, — "Increase  and 
multiply." 

MASSACHUSETTS  —  Ense  petit  placidam  sub  liber  tate 
quietem, — "  By  the  sword  she  seeks  placid  rest  in  liberty," 
or  "  Conquers  a  peace." 

MICHIGAN — Tuebor,  and  Si  queer  is  peninsulam  amcenam 
circumspice, — "I  will  defend."  "If  you  seek  a  pleasant 
peninsula,  look  around  you." 

MINNESOTA  —  UEtoile  du  Nord, —  "The  star  of  the 
North." 


NAMES    AND    MOTTOES    OF    STATES.  309 

MISSOURI — Salus  populi  supremo,  lex  esto, — "Let  the 
welfare  of  the  people  be  the  supreme  law." 

MISSISSIPPI — No  motto. 

NEBRASKA — "  Equality  before  the  law.'1 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE — No  motto. 

NEW  JERSEY — "Liberty  and  Independence." 

NEW  YORK — JZxcelsior, — "Higher." 

NORTH  CAROLINA — No  motto. 

NEVADA — Vblens  et potens, — "Willing  and  Able." 

OHIO — Imperium  in  imperio, —  "  An  empire  in  an  em- 
pire." 

OREGON — Alls  volat propriis, — "She  flies  with  her  own 
wings." 

PENNSYLVANIA — "  Virtue,  Liberty  and  Independence." 

RHODE  ISLAND  —  "  Hope." 

SOUTH  CAROLINA — Animis  opibusque  parati, — "  Ready  in 
will  and  deed." 

TENNESSEE — "  Agriculture,  Commerce." 

TEXAS — No  motto. 

VERMONT — "  Freedom  and  Unity." 

VIRGINIA — Sic  semper  tyrannis, — "So  always  with  ty- 
rants." 

WEST  VIRGINIA  —  Montani  semper  liberi, — "Mountain- 
eers are  always  free." 

WISCONSIN — Civilitas  successit  barbarum, — "The  civil- 
ized man  succeeds  the  barbarous." 


310  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   DICTIONARY. 


The  leading  characters  in  our  country's  history  are  here 
presented;  both  pupil  and  teacher  should  add  to  this  from 
time  to  time,  as  they  may  select  from  their  reading  and  from 
the  current  events  of  the  day;  it  is  an  excellent  plan  to  learn 
one  or  two  things  about  the  persons  named,  daily,  in  the  his- 
tory class,  or  in  a  general  exercise.  Much  can  be  done  in 
this  way  to  induce  a  desire  upon  the  part  of  pupils  to  know 
more  of  authors,  statesmen,  etc. ;  pupils  should  be  permitted 
to  tell  what  they  have  read  in  books  written  by  these  authors, 
in  sketches  of  the  presidents,  etc. 

AUTHORS. 

Adams,  Mrs.  Hannah,  1755-1831.     Prose  Writer. 

Abbot,  Rev.  Jacob,  1803-1879.     Prose  Writer. 

Alcott  Louisa  M.,  1833-1888.     Prose  Writer. 

Aldrich,  Thomas  B.,  1836.     Prose  Writer. 

Alexander,  James  W.,  1804-1859.  Prose  Writer  and 
Divine. 

Allibone,  Samuel  A.,  1816-1889.     Prose  Writer. 

Arthur,  Timothy  A.,  1809-1841.     Prose  Writer. 

Barlow,  Joel,  1755-1812.     Patriot  and  Poet. 

Barnard,  John  G.,  1815-1882.     General  and  Writer. 

Bennett,  James  G.,  1800-1872.     Journalist. 

Bird,  Robert  M.,  1803-1854.     Prose  Writer. 

Elaine,  James  G.,  1830-1893.     Statesman  and  Author. 

Bowles,  Samuel,  1826-1878.     Journalist. 

Brooks,  James,  1810-1873.     Journalist. 

Brown,  Charles  F.  (Artemus  Ward),  1835-1867.  Humor- 
ist. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   DICTIONARY.  811 

Bryant,  William  C.,  1794-1878.     Poet  and  Journalist. 
Brown    Charles  B.,  1771-1810.     Novelist. 
Cary,  Alice,  1822-1870.     Poetess. 
Gary,  Phoebe,  1824-1871.     Poetess. 
Channing,  W.  E.,  1780-1842.     Divine  and  Author. 
Clemens,  Samuel  L.  (Mark  Twain),  1835.     Humorist. 
Cooper,  James  F.,  1779-1851.     Novelist. 
Cozzens,  Frederick  F.,  1818-1869. 
Curtis,  George  W. ,  1824-1892.     Editor. 
Dana,  Richard  H.,  1787-1879.     Poet  and  Writer. 
Dana,  Richard  H.,  1815-1882.     Author  and  Lawyer. 
Davis,  Rebecca  H.,  1831.     Novelist. 
Dinsmore,  Robert,  1757-1836.      "  The  Rustic  Bard." 
Dana,  Charles,  1819.     Journalist. 
Dickinson,  John,  1732-1808.     Poet. 
Dodge,  Mary  A.  (Gail  Hamilton),  1838.     Authoress. 
Donnelly,  Ignatius,  1832.      Statesman. 
Drake,  Joseph  R.,  1795-1820.     Poet  and  Writer. 
Dwight,  Timothy,  1752-1817.     Divine  and  Author. 
Emerson,  Ralph  W.,  1803-1882.     Essayist  and  Philoso 
pher. 

Fuller,  Margaret,  1810-1850.     Critic  and  Essayist. 
Garrison,  William  L. ,  1804-1879.     Abolitionist. 
Giddings,  Joshua  R. ,  1795-1864.     Abolitionist. 
Girard,  Stephen,  1750-1831.     Merchant  and  Banker. 
Gough,  John  B.,  1822-1886.     Temperance  Lecturer. 
Gould,  Hannah  F.,  1789-1865.     Poetess. 
Asa  Gray,  1810-1888.     Botanist. 
Greeley,  Horace,  1811-1872.      Journalist. 
Greenleaf,  Benjamin,  1786   1864.     Mathematician. 
Greenleaf,  Simon,  1783-1853.     Jurist. 
Griswold,  Rufus,  1815-1857.     Writer  and  Author. 
Hale,  Edward  E.,  1822.     Clergyman  and  Author. 
Halleck,  Fitz  G.,  1790-1867.     Poet. 


312  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Harte,  Francis  B.,  1839.     Writer  and  Humorist. 

Harvard,  John,  1608-1688.  Founder  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel,  1804-1864.     Author. 

Henry,  Patrick,  1736-1799.     Patriot  and  Orator. 

Hoffman,  Charles  F. ,  1806-1884.     Author. 

Holland,  Josiah  G.,  1819-1881.     Author. 

Holmes,  Oliver  W.,  1809-1894.  Physician,  Author  and 
Poet. 

Howells,  William  D.,  1837.     Author. 

Ingersoll,  Jared,  1749-1822.     Lawyer. 

Ingersoll,  Robert  G.,  1833.     Lawyer  and  Lecturer. 

Iredell,  James,  1751-1799.     Jurist. 

Irving,  Washington,  1783-1859.     Author. 

Kennedy,  John  P.,  J 795-1807.  Novelist  and  Prose 
Writer. 

Key,  Francis  S.,  1776-1843.  Poet.  Author  of  "  Star 
Spangled  Banner." 

Leidy,  Joseph,   1823-1891.     Naturalist. 

Longfellow,  Henry  W.,  1807-1882.     Poet. 

Lowell,  James  R.,  1819-1891.     Poet  and  Critic. 

Mather,  Cotton,  1663-1728.     Divine  and  Writer. 

Mitchell,  Donald  G.,  1822.     Author. 

Mitford,  Mary,  1786-1855.     Authoress. 

Moore,  Clement  C.,  1779-1863.     Poet  and  Writer. 

Morris,  George  P.,  1802-1864.     Poet  and  Journalist. 

Miller,  Cinciunatus  H.  (Joaquin),  1841.     Poet. 

Neal,  John,  1793-1876.     Poet  and  Writer. 

Nordhoff,  Charles,  1830.     Author  and  Journalist. 

O'Conor,  Charles,  1804-1884.     Lawyer. 

Oglesby,  Richard  J. ,  1824.     Statesman  and  General. 

Otis,  James,  1725-1783.     Lawyer,  Orator  and  Patriot. 

Paine,  Robert  T. ,  1731-1814.     Lawyer  and  Statesman. 

Paine,  Thomas,  1737-1809.  Political  Writer  and  Free- 
thinker. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  313 

Paulding,  James  K. ,  1778-1860.     Humorous  Writer. 
Parsons,  Theophilus,  1750-1813.     Jurist. 
Parsons,  Theophilus,  1797-1882.     Jurist. 
Payne,  John  H. ,  1792-1852.     Dramatist  and  Poet. 
Penn,    William,    1644-1718.       Statesman,    Author    and 
Philanthropist. 

Percival,  James,  1795-1856.     Poet. 

Phelps,  Elizabeth  S.,  1815-1852.     Authoress. 

Phelps,  Elizabeth  S.,  1844.     Authoress. 

Read,  Thomas  B.,  1822-1872.  Poet  and  Artist. 

Reid,  Mayne,  1818-1883.     Novelist. 

Bronson,  Mrs.  Susannah,  1761-1824.     Prose  Writer. 

Saddlier,  Mary  A.,  1820.     Authoress. 

Saxe,  John  G.,  1816-1887.     Humorous  Poet. 

Sedgwick,  Catharine  M.,  1789-1867.     Authoress. 

Shaw,  Henry  W.,  1818-1885.      Humorist. 

Sigourney,  Mrs.  Lydia  H.,  1791-1865.     Poetess. 

Silliman  Benjamin,  1779-1864.     Naturalist. 

Simms,  William  G.,  1806-1870.     Author. 

Smith,  Gerritt,  1797-1874.     Philanthropist. 

Smith,  Seba,  1792-1868.     Author. 

Spofford,  Harriet  P.,  1835.     Novelist. 

Southwick,  Emma  D.  N.,  1818.     Novelist. 

Sprague,  Charles,  1791-1875.     Poet  and  Writer 

Stedman  Edmund  C. ,  1833.     Poet. 

Street,  Alfred,  1811.     Prose  Writer. 

Stoddard,  Richard  H. ,  1825.     Poet. 

Stowe,  Harriet  B.,  1812.     Authoress. 

Taylor,  Bayard,  1825-1878.     Poet  and  Novelist. 

Tichnor,  George,  1791-1871.     Prose  Writer. 

Thompson,  Daniel  P.,  1795-1868.     Novelist. 

Thoreau,  Henry  D.,  1817-1862.     Author. 

Trumbull,  John,  1750-1831.     Poet  and  Satirist. 

Warner,  Charles  D.,  1829.     Humorous  Writer. 


314  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Warner,  Susan,  1818-1885.     Authoress. 
Webster,  Noah,  1758-1843.     Lexicographer. 
Weed,  Thurlow,  1797-1883.     Journalist. 
Worcester,  Joseph  E. ,  1784-1865.     Lexicographei. 
White,  Richard  G.,  1822.     Author. 
Whitman,  Walt,  1819.     Poet. 
Whipple,  Edward,  1819.     Critical  Essayist. 
Whittier,  John  G.,  1807.     Poet. 
Willis,  N.  P.,  1806-1867.     Journalist  and  Poet. 
Wirt,  William,  1772-1834.     Biographical  and  Descriptive 
Writer. 

Wigglesworth,  Michael,  1631-1705.      Poet. 
Woodworth,  Samuel,  1758-1842.      Poet. 

ARTISTS,  MUSICIANS,  ETC. 

Allston,  Washington,  1779-1843. 

Bierstadt,  Albert,  1829-1882.     Landscape  Painter. 

Billings,  William,  1746-1800.     Mus.  Doc. 

Church,  Frederick  E.,  1826.     Painter. 

Cropsey,  Jasper  F.,  1823.     Painter. 

Darley,  Felix  O.  C.,  1822.     Artist. 

Gifford,  San  ford  R.,  1823-1880.     Painter. 

Gottschalk,  Louisa  M.,  1829-1869.     Mus.  Doc. 

Greenough,  Horatio,  1805-1852.     Sculptor. 

Hosmer,  Harriet  G.,  1830.     Sculptor. 

Hunt,  William  H.,  1790-1864.     Painter  in  Water  Colors. 

Inman,  Henry,  1801-1846. 

Inness,  George,  1825.     Landscape  Painter. 

Mills,  Clark,  1815-1883.     Sculptor. 

Peale,  Rembrandt,  1778-1860.     Painter. 

Powers,  Hiram,  1805-1873.     Sculptor. 

Rogers,  John,   1829.     Sculptor. 

Story,  William  W.,  1819.     Sculptor. 

Stuart,  Gilbert  H.,  1756-1828.     Portrait  Painter. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  315 

Trumbull,  John,  1756-1843.     Painter. 
West,  Benjamin,  1738-1820.    Painter. 

EXPLORERS,  ETC. 

Balboa,  Vasco  Nunez  de,  1475-1517. 

Austin,  Stephen  F.,  1778-1836.  Founder  of  First  Col- 
ony in  Texas. 

Boone,  Daniel,  1735-1820.     Pioneer  and  Hunter. 

Booth,  John  W.,  1835-1865.     Lincoln's  Assassin. 

Bradford.  William,  1590-1657.     Colonial  Governor. 

Cabot,  John,  1498? 

Cabot,  Sebastian,  1497?-1557? 

Coligny,  Gaspard  de,  1517-1572. 

Columbus,  Christopher,  1436?-1506. 

Cook,  James,  1728-1779. 

De  Soto,  Ferdinand,  1460-1542. 

Endicott,  John,  1589-1665.     Colonial  Governor. 

Fernandez,  Juan, 1576. 

Gamada,  Vascoda,  1450-1524.     Portuguese  Navigator. 

Gilbert,  Sir  Humphrey,  1539-1583.      English  Navigator. 

Hall,  Charles  F.,  1821-1871.     Arctic  Explorer. 

Hayes,  Isaac  I.,  1832-1881.     Arctic  Explorer. 

Hennepin,  Lewis,  1640-1702.     Missionary  and  Explorer. 

Hudson,  Henry, 1611?     English  Navigator. 

Kane,  Elisha,  1822-1857.     Arctic  Explorer. 

Kidd,  William,  1650-1706.     Pirate. 

La  Salle,  Robert  C.  de,  1635-1687.     French  Explorer. 

Lewis,  Merriweather,  1774-1809. 

Ledyard,  John,  1751-1788.     Traveler. 

Logan,  Benjamin,  1742-1862.     Pioneer. 

Magellan,  Fernando,  1470-1521.     Portuguese  Navigator. 

Marquette,  Jacques,  1637-1675.  Missionary  and  Discov- 
erer. 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Juan,  1460-1521.     Spanish  Discoverer. 


316  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Smith,  John,  1579-1681.     English  Explorer. 
Stanley,  Henry  M.,  1840.     Explorer  of  Africa. 
Vespucci,  Amerigo,  1451-1512.     Italian  Navigator. 

GENERALS,  ETC 

Adair,  John,   1757-1840. 

Allan,  Ethan,  1742-1789. 

Anderson,  Robert,  1805-1861.  Defender  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter. 

Arnold,  Benedict,  1720-1801.     Traitor. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P.,  1816.     General  and  Politician. 

Barnum,  Phineas  T.,  1810-1890.     Showman. 

Beauregard,  Peter  G.  T.,  1816-1893.  Confederate  Gen- 
eral. 

Black  Hawk,  1767-1838.     Indian  Chief. 

Blennerhassett,  Herman,  1770-1831.     Burr's  Accomplice. 

Braddock,  Edward,  1715-1755.     English  General. 

Bradstreet,  John,  1711-1774. 

Bragg,  Braxton,  1815-1876.     Confederate  General. 

Brandt,  Joseph,  1742-1807.     Chief  of  the  Mohawks. 

Burnside,  Ambrose  E.,  1824-1881. 

Cadwalader,  George, 1879. 

Cadwalader,  John,  1713-1786. 

Canby,  Edward  R.  S.,  1819-1873. 

Custer,  George  A.,  1839-1876. 

De  Kalb,  John,  1732-1780.     German  General. 

Dix,  John  A.,  1798-1879.     Statesman. 

Early,  Jubal  A.,  1818.     Confederate  General. 

Ellsworth,  E.  E.,  1837-1861.     Colonel. 

Gage,  Thomas,  1720-1787.     British  General. 

Gaines,  Edmund  P.,  1777-1849. 

Garfield,  James  A.,  1831-1881.     President. 

Gates,  Horatio,  1798-1806. 

Goffe,  William,  1605-1679.     Puritan  and  Regicide. 


BIOGRAPHICAL,   DICTIONARY.  317 

Grant,  Ulysses  S.,  1822-1885.     President. 
Greene,  Nathaniel,  1742-1786. 
Halleck,  Henry  W.,  1714-1872.     Lawyer. 
Hampton,  Wade,  1755-1835. 
Hampton,  Wade,  1818.     Confederate. 
Hancock,  Winfield  S.,  1824-1886. 
Hardee,  William  J.,  1818-1873. 
Harny,  William  S.,  1798-1889. 
Harrison,  William  H.,  1773-1841.     President 
Hayes,  Rutherford  B.,  1822-1892.     President 
Heath,  William,  1737-1814. 
Hooker,  Joseph,  1819-1879. 
Houston,  Samuel,  1793-1863.     General 
Howard,  Oliver  O.,  1830. 
Hull,  William,  1753-1825. 
Hunter,  David,  1802-1886. 
Jackson,  Andrew,  1767-1845.     President. 
Jackson,  Thomas  J.,  1824-1863.     Confederate  General. 
Jasper,  William,  1750-1779.     Soldier  and  Sergeant. 
Johnston,  Albert  S. ,  1803-1862.     Confederate  General. 
Johnston,  Joseph  E.,  1807.     Confederate  General. 
Kearney,  Philip,  1815-1862.     General. 
Kirkpatrick,  Hugh  J.,   1836-1881. 
Lee,  Charles,  1775-1782. 

Lee,  Robert  E.,  1806-1870.     Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Confederate  Army. 

Lincoln,  Benjamin,  1733-1810. 

Logan,  1725-1780.     Indian  Chief  of  the  Ningoes. 

Logan,  John  A.,  1826-1887.     Statesman. 

Longstreet,  James,  1821.     Confederate  General. 

Lyon,  Nathaniel,  1819-1861. 

McClellan,  George  B.,  1826-1885. 

McDowell,  Irvin,  1818-1885. 

McPherson,  James  B.,  1828-1864. 


318  UNITED    STATES    HISTOBY. 

Massasoit,  1580-1661.     Indian  Sachem. 

Meade,  George  G.,  1815-1872. 

Mitchel,  Ormsby,  1810-1862.     Astronomer. 

Montcalm,  Louis  J.  de,  1712-1759.     French  Commander. 

Montgomery,  Richard,  1736-1775. 

Morgan,  John  H.,  1825-1863.     Confederate  General. 

Moultrie,  William,  1731-1805. 

Muhlenberg,  John  P.  G.,  1746-1807. 

Oglethorpe,  James  E. ,  1698-1785.  General  and  Colo- 
nizer. 

Pemberton,  James  C.,  1814-1881.     Confederate  General. 

Pontiac,  1712-1769.     Chief  of  the  Ottawas. 

Porter,  Fitz  J.,  1823.     General. 

Powhatan,  1550-1618.     Indian  Chief. 

Price,  Sterling,  1801-1867.     Confederate  General. 

Pulaski,  Casimir,  1747-1779.     Polish  Patriot. 

Putnam,  Israel,  1718-1790.     Revolutionary  General. 

Red  Jacket,  1760-1830.     Chief  of  the  Senecas. 

Reynolds,  John  F.,  1820-1863.     General. 

Rosecrans,  William  S.,  1817.     General. 

St  Clair,  Arthur,  1734-1818.     General. 

Santa  Anna,  Antoine  L.  de,  1798-1876.  Mexican  Gen- 
eral. 

Schofield,  John  M.,  1831.     General. 

Schuyler,  Philip,  1773-1804.     General  and  Patriot. 

Scott,  Winfield,  1786-1866.     General. 

Sedgwick,  John,  1813-1864.     General. 

Sheridan,  Philip  H.,   1831-1888.     General. 

Sherman,  William  T.,  1820-1892.     General. 

Slocum,  Henry  W.,  1827.     General. 

Tecumseh,  1770-1813.     Shawnee  Chief. 

Terry,  Alfred  H.,  1827.     General. 

Standish,  Miles,  1584-1656.  Captain  of  Plymouth 
Colony. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONABY.  319 

Starke,  John,  1728-1822.     General. 

Thomas,  George  H. ,  1816-1870.     General. 

Ward,  Artemas,  1727-1780.     General. 

Wayne,  Anthony,  1745-1796.     General. 

Wolfe,  James,  1726-1759.     English  General. 

Zollicoffer,  Felix   K.,  1812-1862.     Confederate  General. 

HISTORIANS. 

Abbott,  John  S.  C.,  1805-1877.     Historian  and  Writer. 
Bancroft,    George,    1800-1887.     Diplomatist    and    His* 
torian. 

French,  Benjamin,  1639-1718.     Historical  Writer. 
Goodrich,  Samuel  G. ,  1793-1860.     (Peter  Parley.) 
Hildreth,  Richard,  1807-1865.    Journalist  and  Historian. 
Leasing,  Benjamin,  1813.     Historian. 
Motley,  John  L.,  1814-1877.     Diplomat  and  Historian. 
Parkman,  Francis,  1823.     Historian. 
Presoott,  William  H.,  1796-1859.     Historian. 
Ramsey,  David,  1749-1815.     Historian. 
Sparks,  Jared,  1789-1866.     Historian. 

NAVAL  OFFICERS. 

Allen,  William  H.,  1784-1813. 

Bainbridge,  William,  1774-1833. 

Decatur,  Stephen,  1779-1820. 

Elliott,  Jesse  D. ,  1782-1845.     Commodore. 

Farragut,  David  G. ,  1801-1870.     Admiral. 

Foote,  Andrew  H.,  1806-1863.     Rear  Admiral. 

Goldsborough,  Lewis  M.,  1805-1876.     Rear  Admiral 

Hull,  Isaac,  1775-1843.     Commodore. 

Jones,  John  P.,  1747-1792. 

Lawrence,  James,  1781-1813.     Commander. 

Perry,  Matthew  C.,  1794-1858.     Commodore. 

Perry,  Oliver  H.,  1785-1819.     Commodore. 


390  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Porter,  David,  1780-1843.     Commodore. 

Porter,  David  D.,  1813.     Admiral. 

Preble,  Edward,  1761-1807.     Naval  Officer. 

Semmes,  Raphael,  1809-1877.    Confederate  Naval  Officer. 

PHILOSOPHERS,  ETC. 

Alcott,  Amos  B. ,   1799-1888. 
Bache,  Alexander  D.,  1806-1867.     Savant 
Beecher,  Henry  W.,  1813-1887.      Divine  and  Lecturer. 
Biddle,  Nicholas,  1786-1844.     Financier. 
Edwards,  Jonathan,  1703-1758.     Metaphysician  and  The- 
ologian. 

Pocahontas,  1595?-1617.     "  The  Friend  of  the  English." 

PATRIOTS. 

Adams,  Samuel,  1722-1803. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  1630-1677. 

Carroll,  Charles,  1737-1832. 

Crockett,  David,  1786-1836.     Eccentric  Backwoodsman. 

Hale,  Nathan,  1755-1776.     Captain. 

La  Fayette,  Marquis  de,  1757-1834.     General. 

Lee,  Francis  L.,  1734-1797. 

Lee,  Richard  H.,  1732-1794.     Orator. 

Marion,  Francis,  1732-1795.     General. 

Mifflin,  Thomas,  1744-1800.     Patriot. 

Quincy,  Josiah,  1744-1775.     Orator  and  Patriot. 

Revere,  Paul,  1735-1818.     Patriot. 

Warren,  Joseph,  1741-1775.     Physician  and  Patriot. 

STATESMEN. 

Adams,  Charles  F.,  1807-1888. 
Adams,  John,  1735-1826.     President. 
Adams,  John  Q.,  1767-1848.     President. 
Allison,  William  R.,  1829. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  321 

Ames,  Fisher,  1758-1808.     Orator. 
Andrew,  John  A.,  1818-1867. 
Anthony,  Henry  B.,  1815.     U.  S.  Senator. 
Arthur,  Chester  A.,  1830-1886.     President. 
Benton,  Thomas  H.,  1782-1855. 
Binney,  Horace,  18 10-18 75.     Lawyer. 
Birney,  James  G. ,  1792-1857.     Politician. 
Blackburn,  Joseph  C.,  1838. 
Boudinot,  Elias,  1740-1821.     Author. 
Bowdoin,  James,  1727-1790. 
Breckenridge,  John  C.,  1821-1887.      General. 
Brownlow,  William  G.,  1805-1877.     Politician. 
Burr,  Aaron,  1756-1836.     Lawyer. 
Buchanan,  James,  1791-1868.      President. 
Butler,  Benjamin  F.,  1818-1893.     Lawyer  and  General. 
Cabot,  George,  1754-1823.     President  of  the  Hartford 
Peace  Convention. 

Calhoun,  John  C.,  1783-1850. 

Cameron,  Simon,  1799-1889.      Politician. 

Carlisle,  John  G.,  1829. 

Cass,  Lewis,  1782-1866.     Diplomatist. 

Burlingame,  Anson,  1822-1870.     Diplomatist 

Chase,  Salmon  P. ,  1808-1873.     Jurist. 

Choate,  Rufus,  1799-1859.     Lawyer. 

Clay,  Henry,  1777-1852.     Orator. 

Cleveland,  Grover,  1837.     President. 

Clinton,  DeWitt,  1769-1828. 

Clinton,  George,  1739-1812.     Vice-President. 

Colfax,  Schuyler,  1823-1885.     Vice-President. 

Corwin,  Thomas,  1794-1865. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.,  1824-1888. 

Crittenden,  John  J.,  1786-1863. 

Cushing,  Caleb,  1800-1879. 

Dallas,  Alexander  J.,  1759-1817. 

21 


322  UNITED  STATES  HISTORY. 

Dallas,  George  M.,  1792-1864. 

Davis,  Henry  W.,  1817-1865.     Politician. 

Davis,  Jefferson,  1808-1889.     President  Southern  Con- 
federacy. 

Dayton,  William  L.,  1807-1864. 

Dorr,  Thomas  W.,  1805-1854.     Politician. 

Douglas,  Stephen  A.,  1817-1861. 

Douglass,  Frederick,  1817-1895.      Orator. 

Edmunds,  George  F.,  1828.     Lawyer. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver,  1745-1807.     Jurist. 

Evarts,  William  M. ,  1816-1887.     Lawyer. 

Everett,  Edward,  1792-1847.     Scholar  and  Orator. 

Ewing,  Thomas,  1789-1871. 

Fessenden,  William  P.,  1806-1869. 

Field,  Cyrus  W.,  1819-1892.     Merchant  and  Financier. 

Field,  David  D.,  1805.     Jurist. 

Fillmore,  Millard,  1800-1874.     President. 

Fish,  Hamilton,  1808. 

Forsyth,  John,  1780-1841. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  1706-1790.'    Philosopher. 

Frelinghuysen,  Benjamin,  1787-1862. 

Frelinghuysen,  Frederick  T.,  1817-1885. 

Fremont,  John  C.,  1813.     Politician,  Explorer  and 
General. 

Gadsden,  Christopher,  1724-1805. 

Gadsden,  James,  1788-1858. 

Gallatin,  Albert,  1761-1849. 

Gerry,  Elbridge,  1744-1812.     Vice-President. 

Giles,  William  B.,  1762-1830. 

Granger,  Gideon,   1767-1822. 

Gould,  Jay,  1836-1892.     Railway  Financier. 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  1757-1804.     Financier. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal,  1809.     Vice-President 

Hancock,  John,  1737-1793. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  323 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  1833.     President. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.,  1791-1840.     Orator. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A.,  1819-1886.     Vice-President. 

Hoe,  Richard,  1812-1887.  Inventor  of  Perfecting 
Presses. 

Hopkins,  Johns,  1795-1873.     Philanthropist. 

Hopkinson,  Francis,  1738-1791.  Signer  of  Declaration 
of  Independence. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph,  1770-1842.  Lawyer  and  Author  of 
"Hail  Columbia." 

Howe,  Elias,  1818-1867.     Inventor  of  Sewing  Machine. 

Howe,  Samuel  G.,  1801-1876.     Philanthropist. 

Jay,  John,  1745-1829.      Chief  Justice. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  1743-1826.     President. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  1808-1875.     President. 

Johnson,  Beverly,  1796-1876. 

Johnson,  Richard,  1780-1850.  Colonel  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

King,  Rufus,  1755-1827. 

King,  William  R. ,  1786-1853.     Vice-President. 

Knox,  Henry,  1750-1806.     General. 

Laurens,  Henry,  1724-1792. 

Lawrence,  Amos,  1786-1852.     Philanthropist. 

Lee,  Arthur,  1741-1792. 

Lee,  Henry,  1756-1818.     General. 

Legare,  Hugh,  1797-1843; 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  1809-1865.     President. 

Kent,  James,  1763-1847.     Jurist. 

Livingston,  Edward,  1764-1836.     Jurist. 

Lopwell,  John,    1790-1836. 

Madison,  James,   1751-1836.     President. 

Marshall,  John,  1755-1835.     Chief  Justice. 

Mason,  James  M.,  1797-1871. 

Mori-is,  Gouveneur,  1752-1816. 


824  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Morris,  Robert,  1734-1806.     Financier. 

Morton,  Oliver  P.,  1823-1877. 

Morton,  Levi  P.,  1824.     Vice-President. 

Mott,  Lucretia,  1793-1880.     Social  Reformer. 

Phillips,  Wendell,  1811-1884.     Orator  and  Abolitionist. 

Phips,  Sir  William,  1651-1695.  Colonial  Governor  of 
Massachusetts. 

Pickering,  Timothy,  1745-1829.     Statesman. 

Pierce,  Franklin,  1804-1869.     President. 

Pierpont,  John,  1785-1866.     Poet  and  Writer. 

Pike,  Albert,  1809.     Poet  and  Masonic  Writer. 

Pinckney,  Charles  C.,  1746-1825.     Statesman. 

Pinckney,  William,  1764-1822.     Lawyer  and  Orator. 

Poe,  Edgar  A.,  1809-1849.     Author  and  Poet. 

Polk,  James  K.,    1795-1849.     Statesman  and  President. 

Prentice,  George  D. ,    1802-1870.     Poet  and  Journalist. 

Prentice,  Sergeant  S. ,    1808-1850.     Orator  and  Lawyer. 

Quincy,  Josiah,  1772-1864.     Statesman  and  Scholar. 

Randolph,  John,  1773-1833.     Politician  and  Orator. 

Randolph,  Peyton,  1723-1775.  First  President  of  Con- 
gress. 

Rutledge,  John,  1739-1800.     Statesman  and  Jurist. 

Schenck,  Robert  E.,  1809.     Statesman. 

Schurz,  Carl,  1829.     Statesman. 

Sedgwick,  Theodore,  1746-1813.     Jurist. 

Seward,  William  H.,  1801-1872.     Statesman. 

Seymour,  Horatio,  1811-1886.     Statesman. 

Sherman,  John,  1823.     Statesman. 

Sherman,  Roger,  1721-1793.     Statesman  and  Jurist. 

Stanton,  Edwin  M.,  1814-1869.     Statesman. 

Stanton,  Elizabeth  C.,  1816.   Woman's  Rights  Advocate. 

Stephens,  Alexander   H.,  1812-1883.     Statesman. 

Stephens,  Thaddeus,  1793-1868.     Abolitionist. 

Stewart  Alexander  T.,  1803-1876.     Noted  Merchant. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  325 

Story,  Joseph,  1779-1845.     Jurist. 

Stuyvesant,    Peter,    1602-1682.     Governor  of  New  York. 
Sumner,  Charles,  1811-1874.     Statesman  and  lawyer. 
Taney,  Roger  B. ,    1774-1864.     Jurist. 
Taylor,  Zachary,  1784-1850.     General  and  President. 
Thurraan,  Allan  G. ,  1813.     Statesman  and  Jurist. 
Trumbull,  Jonathan,  1740-1809.     Statesman. 
Tweed,  William  M.,    1823-1878.     Politician. 
Tyler,  John,  1790-1862.     President. 
Van  Buren,  Martin,  1782-1862.     President. 
Vanderbilt,  Cornelius,  1794-1877.     Capitalist. 
Van  Rensselaer,  1764-1839.     Statesman. 
Voorhees,  Daniel  W.,  1827.     Orator  and  Statesman. 
Waite,  Morrison,  1816-1888.     Chief  Justice. 
Webster,    Daniel,    1782-1852.     Statesman,   Lawyer   and 
Orator. 

Washington,  George,  1732-1799.      First  President. 
Wheeler,  William    A.,  1819-1887.     Vice-President. 
Williams,  Roger,  1599-1683.     Founder  of  Rhode  Island. 
Wilmot,  David,  1814-1868.      Statesman. 
Wilson,  Henry,  1812-1875.      Vice-President. 
Wright,  Silas,  1795-1847.     Statesman, 
fancy,  William  L. ,  1814-1863.     Politician. 

SCIENTISTS,  ETC. 

Agassiz,  Louis,  1807-1873.     Naturalist. 
Allan,  William  F.,  1807.     Perfecter  of  the  present  sys- 
tem of  standard  time. 

Bache,  Franklin,  1792-1864.     Physician  and  Chemist. 

Baird,  Spencer,  1823.     Naturalist. 

Banneker,  Benjamin,  1731-1806.     Negro  Mathematician. 

Binney,  Amos,  1803-1847.     Naturalist. 

Blanchard,  Thomas,  1788-1864.     Inventor. 

Rogardus,  James,  1800-1874.     Inventor. 


:\-2Ct  UN1TKD    STATES    HISTORY. 

Borden,  Simeon,  1798-1856.     Civil  Engineer. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel,  1773-1838.     Mathematician. 

Bradford,  William,    1660-1752.     Pennsylvania    Printer. 

Bridgeman,  Laura,    1829-1889.     Blind  and  Deaf  Mute, 
noted  for  her  mental  accomplishments. 

Gary,  Henry  C.,  1793-1879.     Political  Economist. 

Colt,  Samuel,  1814-1862.     Inventor  of  the  Revolver. 

Dabell,  Nathan,  1759-1818.     Mathematician. 

Draper,  John  W.,  1811-1882. 

Dunglison,    Robley,     1798-1869.       Physician.    (Medical 
Dictionary. ) 

Edison,  Thomas  A.,  1847.     Electrician  and  Inventor. 

Ericsson,  John,  1803-1889.      Engineer  and  Inventor. 

Fitch,  John.    1743-1798.      Experimenter   on  the  Steam- 
boat. 

Gatling,  Richard  J.,  1818.     Inventor  of  Gatling  Gun. 

Godman,  John   D.,   1794-1830.      Physician  and  Natural- 
ist. 

Goodyear,    Charles,    1800-1860.     Vulcanization  of  Rub- 
ber. 

Gould,  Augustus  A.,  1805-1826.     Naturalist. 

Graham,  Sylvester,  1794-1851.     Advocated  a   Vegetable 
Diet. 

Green,  Seth,  1817-1888.     Pisciculturist. 

Gray,  Elisha,  1835.     Inventor  of  the  Telautograph. 

Morse,   Samuel  F.  B.,  1791-1872.     Inventor  of  Magnetic- 
Telegraphy. 

Parrott,    Robert   P.,     1804-1877.      Inventor   of    Parrott 
Gun. 

Rittenhouse,  David,  1732-1796.     Astronomer. 

Rebling,  John  A. ,  1806-1869.     Engineer. 

Wells,  Horace,  1815-1848.     Dentist. 

Wilson,  Alexander,  1766-1813.     Ornithologist. 

Young,  Charles,  1834.      Scientist. 

Whitney,  Eli,  1765-1825.     Inventor  of  the   Cotton  Gin. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY.  327 

THEOLOGIANS  AND  TEACHERS. 
Alexander,  Joseph  A.,  1809-1859.     Orientalist. 
Anthon,  Charles,  1797-1867.     Classical  Scholar. 
Anthony,    Susan  B.,  1820.     Woman's  Rights  Advocate. 
Audubon,  John  J.,  1780-1851.      Ornithologist. 
Bache,  Alexander  D.,  1806-1867.  Philosopher  and  Savant 
Ballou,  Hosea,  1771-1852. 
Barnes,  Albert,  1798-1870.     Commentator. 
Beecher,  Lyman,  1775-1863.     Divine. 
Brainerd,  David,  1718-1847.     Missionary. 
Brown,  John,  1800-1859.     Emancipation  Enthusiast. 
Bronson,  Orestes,  1803-1876. 
Bushnell,  Horace,  1802-1876.     Divine. 
Campbell,  Alexander,  1788-1866.     Founder  of   Disciples 
of  Christ. 

Burritt,  Elihu,  1810-1879.     Scholar  and  Journalist. 

Chapin,  Edwin  H.,  1814-1881.     Divine. 

Cheever,  George  B. ,  1807.     Divine. 

Cornell,  Ezra,  1807-1874.     Philanthropist. 

Mather,  Cotton,  1585-1652.     Puritan  Minister. 

Coxe,  Arthur  C.,  1818.     Bishop  and  Poet. 

Dickinson,  Anna  E.,  1842.     Lecturer. 

Dow,  Lorenzo,  1777-1834.     Eccentric  Preacher. 

Elliott,  John,  1604-1690.     Indian  Apostle. 

Gallaudet,  Thomas  H.,  1787-1851.     Mute  Instructor. 

Hicks,  Elias,  1748-1830.     Quaker  Preacher. 

Marsh,  George  P.,  1801.     Philologist. 

Mann,  Horace,  1796-1859.     Educator. 

McCosh,  James,  1811.     Theologian. 

McCloskey,  John,  1810-1885.     First  American  Cardinal. 

Moody,  Dwight  L.,  1837.     Evangelist. 

Murray,  Lindlay,  1745-1826.     Grammarian. 

Noyes,  George  R,  1798-1868.     Theologian. 

Noyes,  John.  H.,  1811-1886.     Communist  and  Preacher. 


328  UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 

Parker,  Theodore,  1810-1860.    Rationalistic  Philosopher. 

Peabody,  George,  1795-1869.     Philanthropist. 

Pearce,  Benjamin,   1809.     Mathematician. 

Polk,    Leonidas,    1806-1864.     Bishop   and    Confederate 
General. 

Quackenbos,  George  P.,  1826-1881.     Educator. 

Smith,   Joseph,     1805-1844.     Founder  of    the    Mormon 
Church. 

Talmage,  Thomas  De  W.,  1832.     Clergyman. 

Vassar,   Matthew,   1792-1868.     Founder  of  Vassar  Col- 
lege. 

Wells,  Samuel  R.,  1820-1875.     Phrenologist. 

White,  Andrew  D.,  1832.     Scholar  and  Teacher. 

Witherspoon,  John,  1722-1794.     Lecturer  and  Writer. 

Yale,  Elihu,  1648-1721.     Founder  of  Yale  College. 

Young,  Brigham,  1801-1877.     President  of  the  Mormon 
Church. 

VOCALISTS,  ACTORS,  ETC 

Abbott,  Emma,  1850.     Vocalist. 
Anderson,  Mary,  1859.     Actress. 
Booth,  Edwin,   1833.     Tragedian. 
Clarke,  John  S.,  1835.  Comedian. 
Cushman,  Charlotte  S.,   1816-1876.     Actress. 
Forest,  Edwin,  1806-1872.     Tragedian. 
Jefferson,  Joseph,  1829.    Actor. 
Keene,  Laura,   1820-1873.     Actress. 
Kellogg,  Clara  L.,  1842.     Vocalist. 
Neilson,  Adelaide,  1853-1881.     Actress. 


INDEX. 


THE  FIGURES  REFER  TO  THE  PAGE  OF  THE  TEXT. 


AmicUis,  24. 

Astrolabe,  26. 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund,  55. 

Abercrombie,  63. 

Amherst,  63. 

Allen,  Col.  Ethan,  69, 70, 178. 

Adams,  Samuel,  74. 

Aruold,  Benedict,  79, 104, 105, 184, 189. 

Adams,  John,  86, 88, 104,  207, 208, 209, 211 

American  Bible  Society,  101. 

Adams,  John  Q.,  104, 106, 123. 

Abolitionists,  123. 

Atlantic  Cable,  130, 184. 

"Albany  Regency,"  180. 

"  All  for  Buncombe,"  180. 

Associated  Tress,  184. 

Andre,  Maj.,  186. 

Anvil  Chorus,  194. 

American  Temperance  Society,  209. 

Alabama  Claims,  214. 

American  Bd .  for  Missions,  227. 

Alaska,  Price  Paid  for,  233. 

Amendments  to  Constitution,  245. 

Adams  (J.  Q.)  Never  Tardy,  249. 

Arnold's  Last  Words,  257. 

America  (National  Hymn),  267. 

Alabama,  291. 

Arkansas,  293. 

Astor,  John  Jacob,  297. 

Arizona,  302. 

Alaska,  303. 

Greek  Churches,  193. 
Acadia,  180. 
Almighty  Dollar,  180. 
Arthur,  257. 
Attucks,  Crispus,  236. 


Bjami,  10. 

Buzzards'  Bay,  10. 

Buddhist  Monks  from  China,  9. 

Balboa,  21,  26,  31,  40,  200. 

Bacon,  31,40. 

Bradford,  38, 199. 

Bacon's  Rebellion,  40, 46. 

Baltimore,  Lord,  45. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  53. 

Blue  Laws,  61, 101,  235. 


Braddock,  63, 172, 181. 

Boston  Tea  Party,  65. 

Burgoyne,  70. 

Bartham,  John,  77. 

Black  Hawk  War,  184. 

Bragg,  Capt.,  123. 

Brock,  128. 

Buchanan,  James,  132, 212, 252. 

Brown,  John,  134, 211. 

Booth,  John  Wilkes,  142, 182. 

Bryant,  William  C..  151, 252. 

Beecher,  Rev.  H.  W.,  160, 187. 

"Boy  General,"  163. 

Barton,  Lieut.-Col.,  169. 

Boone.  Daniel,  170,  288. 

Brandt,  170. 

Bayard  of  the  South,  172. 

Big  George,  172. 

Bonaparte,  173. 

Barn-Durners.  246. 

Burr,  Aaron,  173, 184, 185, 207. 

Barclay,  Commod.,  174. 

"Brother  Jonathan, "  180. 

Battle  Cry  of  Freedom,  181. 

Bunker  Hill  Monument,  183, 188, 256 

Black  Friday,  185. 

Bible  Adopted  as  a  Constitution,  186. 

Back-Bone  President,  194. 

Berkeley,  200. 

Barclay,  Robt.,  200. 

Bayard,  207. 

Bishop  of  Connecticut,  22J. 

Samuel,  223. 

British  Burn  Capitol,  226. 
"  Best  Friend,"  228. 
Battle  of  the  Kegs,  235. 
Burritt,  Elihu,  237. 
Bond  of  the  U.  S.  Treasurer,  240. 
Burr-Hamilton  Duel,  Cause  of,  244. 
Blue  Book,  247. 

Beet  Sugar  Factory,  First,  271. 
Biographical  Dictionary,  310. 
Bainbridge,  Commod.,  224, 
Barren,  Commod.,  224. 
Beckley,  John,  223. 
Bible,  147, 186, 190,  265. 
Bill  of  Abomina  ions,  123. 
Blue  Light  Federalists,  174. 
Booth,  Edwin,  239. 
(329) 


330 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


Bueua  Vista,  176. 
Bug  Eaters,  299. 
Bureau,  185. 


CoiumbUS,  9,  11,  12,  14.20,26,28,29,31, 

34,  38,  41,  47,  120,  180, 193,  194,  196,  201, 

204. 
Cabot,  John.  20.  203. 

Sebastian,  20, 203. 
Cartier,  23,31. 
Cortez,  31. 

Champlain,  31.  48, 197, 202. 
Canouicus,  38, 199. 
Carteret,  Philip,  41. 
Charter  Oak,  42. 
Clayborne's  Rebellion,  45. 
Carteret,  Geo.,  50. 
Carver,  John,  53. 198. 
Clayborne,  William,  58. 
Colossus  of  American  Independence,  86. 
Crofihan,  Maj..  96. 
Crockett,  Davy,  108. 
Calhoun,  John  C.,  109,209. 
Center  of  Population,  120, 266. 
Clay,  Heury,  123, 210. 
Cass.  Col.,  128. 

Credit,  Mobilier.  146, 184.  243. 
Cleveland,  Grover,  158, 159, 161, 164, 191, 

192. 

Conkling,  Hon.  Roscoe,  160. 
Clmtnn,  Gov.,  170. 
Coiiway,  170. 
"  Crsdle  of  liberty."  171. 
Centennial,  First  Suggested,  248. 
Compulsory  Education,  254. 
Church  Ami.  of  Presidents,  257. 
Civil  War,  Last  Battle,  272. 
California,  '296. 
Colorado,  299. 

Chimney,  "  Cat-in-Clay,"  34. 
"  Carolina  Game  Cock,"  171. 
Cornwallis,  17'2. 
Clinton,  Geo.,  174. 
•'Captain  Kidd's  Punch  Bowl,"  179. 
Custer,  Gen.,  181. 
Corliss  Engine.  183. 
"City  of  the  Dead,"  187. 
Carson,  "Kit,"  194. 
"Commonwealers,"  194, 274. 
Cory.  Giles.  198. 
Campbell.  John.  198. 
Custis,  Mrs.  Martha,  207. 

Col.  John,  207. 
"Coolie,"  214. 
Chase,  Salmon  P.,  214. 
Carpetbagger,  216. 
Cullom.  8.M..  215. 
Custer,  Gen.  G.  A..  217. 
Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  224. 
Colles,  Christopher,  227. 
Commander-ln-Chief  of  our  Forces,  233. 
Confederacy,  How  Recognized  Abroad. 

239. 

Copyright,  243. 
Congressmen-at-large,244. 
Coins,  Meaning  of  Letters  on,  245. 
Corcoran,  W.  W.,251. 


Criminals,  Why  Executed  on  Friday, 

256. 

Cotton  Gin,  191. 
Creole,  293. 
Capt.  Jack,  297. 
Caidwell,  Rev.  James,  222,  223. 
Carroll,  Chas.,  228. 

Rev.  John,  221. 
Charter  Oak,  42. 
"Cheese  Box  on  Raft,"  152. 
Cherry  Valley,  170. 
Clinton.  Gen.,  219. 
Cockburn.  Gen.,  22G. 
College,  First  in  the  United  States,  34. 
Confederate  States,  130, 181, 242. 
Congressional  Library,  173. 
Congress,  Number  of  Sessions,  191. 
Cooi.er,  Peter,  228. 
Corwin.  Thos.,  238. 
Cotton  Mill,  First,  171. 

D 

De  Leon,  21,25,28.31. 

De  Soto,  22.  26,  31,  34,  40,  70,  196, 197. 

De  Mouts,  23. 

Drake,  23,  27, 196, 197. 

Drummond,  34, 199. 

De  Gorges,  37. 

De  la  War,  Lord,  60. 

Douche.  Rev  ,  81. 

Dorr's  Rebellion,  115. 

Dorr,  115. 

De  Kalb's  Monument,  123. 

Dred,  Scott,  130. 

Davis,  Jefferson,  142,  143,  173,  183, 187. 

212. 

Decatur.  Stephen,  173. 
"  Dark  Day."  180. 
Davis,  David,  182. 
Decoration  Day,  193, 270. 
Demonetization  of  Silver,  194,  275. 
Douglas,  Steph3n  A.,  213. 
Discovery  of  Gold  in  California,  296. 
District  of  Columbia,  303. 
Dix.  Gen.,  253. 
Dixie,  181. 
Donop,  Count,  219. 
Doubleday,  Capt.  Abner,  230. 
Dwight,  Dr.  Timothy,  237. 
Dyer,  Mary,  240. 


Esquimaux,  10. 
Elizabeth,  Queen,  50, 196. 
Endicott,  John,  54. 
Edwards,  Jonathan,  78. 
Electoral  Commission,  182. 
Ellsworth.  Col..  184.  220. 
Elliott,  Rev.  John.  198. 
Eads.  James  B..  203. 215. 
Elliott's  Indian  Bible,  203. 
Emerson,  Dr.,  211. 
Evarts,  Wm.  M.,213. 
Ericsson,  John,  214. 
Earthquake,  Charleston,  216. 
Emancipation  Proclamation,  230. 


INDEX. 


831 


Hast  mver  Bridge,  254. 
Electric  Light  Dynamo,  266. 
Ead's  Jetties,  289. 
Edmunds,  Sen.,  241. 
Elkswatawa,  224. 
Erie  Canal,  175. 


Freydis,  10. 

Fusang,  9. 

Fai-fax,  Thos.,  70. 

Franklin,  71.  204,  206,  211. 

Fulton,  90,  97,  173. 

Filibusters,  123. 

Fillmore,  Millard,  126. 

"  Father  of  Greenbacks,"  151. 

"  Fighting  Joe/'  152. 

"  Father  of  the  Constitution,"  170. 

Franklin's  Stove,  171. 

Farragut,  174.  212. 

Freedman's  Bureau,  193,  271. 

Fremont,  John  C.,  210. 

Franklin,  Sir  John,  211, 127. 

First  Librarian,  223. 

Free  Soi.  Party,  2'J9. 

Fort  Sumter.  First  Shot  at,  230. 

Flag,  Size  of  Stars  on,  241. 

Fro-t  Every  Month  in  Year,  243. 

Free  Masons,  First  Lodge,  246. 

Florida,  293. 

Faucett,  Thomas,  223. 

Foster,  La  Fayette  S.,  239. 

Free  Sellers,  176. 

Free  Mason  Presidents,  188. 

Friends,  43. 

Funeral,  longest  on  earth,  214. 

Q 

Gud  rid,  10. 

Gosnold,  24, 31, 196. 

Great  Indian  Apostle,  34. 

George  II.  50. 

Godfrey,  Thos.,  77. 

Greene,  Gen.,  87. 

"Great  Pacificator,"  120. 

Gadsen  Purchase,  127. 

Grant,  Gen.  U.  8.,  137,  148, 159, 160, 163, 

178,  189,190,209,213,215. 
Geneva  Arbitration,  146. 
Greeley,  Horace,  146, 152, 155,  213,  214. 
Garfieid,  James  A.,  154, 156. 190, 191. 
Guiteau,  154, 190,214. 
Gates,  172. 

Genius  of  Universal  Emancipation,  175. 
Grant's,  Strong  Box  of  U.  8.,  179. 
Geneva  Award,  184. 
Grand  Army  of  Republic  184. 
Great  American  Commoner,  188. 
Grand  Wizard  of  the  Empire,  194. 
Goffe,  200. 

Greene,  Nathaniel,  206. 
Genet,  Citizen,  206. 
Goodrich,  Elizur,  223. 
Gerry.  Elb.idge.  226. 
Gold,  Price  of,  232. 
Great  Eastern,  239. 
Generals,  Pay  of,  262. 


Generals  of  the  Army,  263. 

Gun,  Largest  made  in  United  States, 

274. 

Green  Mountain  Boys,  287. 
Gray,  Capt.  Robt.,  297. 
"  Garden  of  the  West,"  297. 
Great  Salt  Lake,  302. 
Gaillard.  John,  226. 
Generals,  How  Retired,  Number  in  our 

Army,  262,  263. 
Gettysburg,  178. 
Gold,  Price  in  War  Time,  142. 
Granger,  151. 
Grey,  ({en.,  218. 
Guadaloupe  Hidalgo.  176. 
Gurley,  Rev.  I).  P.,  234. 

H 

Hoeischin,  9. 

Helg.  10. 

Hudson,  24, 27,  196,  204. 

Hub  of  the  Universe,  34. 

Hutchinson,  Anne.  34,  37, W,  199. 

Hooker.  Rev.  Thos.,  37,  39,  56, 181. 

Henrietta,  Maria,  Queen,  50, 201. 

Henry.  Patrick,  66,  76, 171. 

Hancock,  John,  75. 

Hull,  96,  128.  174. 

Harrison,  W.  H.,  96, 97, 115, 116, 123, 174, 
209. 

Howe,  Elias,  115. 

Honest  Old  Abe,  142. 

Hayes,  R.  R.,  153, 188. 190. 

Harrison,  Benj.,  159,  163,  164,  166. 
217. 

Heudricks,  Thos.  A.,  160. 

Hancock,  Gen.  W.  8.,  160. 

Hooker,  Gen.,  163, 214, 217. 

Holcomb.  Luther,  169,  218. 

"  Hair-Buying  General,"  220. 

Hart,  Nancy,  172. 

Hamilton,  173. 184, 185,  207. 

Haystack  Prayer-meeting,  175. 

"  Hell  Gate,"  179. 

Hopkinson,  180. 
i    Harvard,  John,  198. 

Hull,  Capt.  John.  203, 
i    Harrison  Family,  216. 

Harrison.  John  Scott,  217. 

Harrison's  Inaugural  Chair,  217. 

"  Hail  Columbia,"  237. 

"  Hoosier  State,"  290. 

Houston,  Gen.  Samuel,  295. 

Hermitage,  123. 

Hogs,  Driven  by  Discoverer,  26. 

Hussey,  Obed,  240. 


Isabella.  12. 

Irving,  Washington,  39, 211. 
Indian  Pipe  of  Peace,  45. 
Income  Tax,  170,  218. 
"  Ichabod  Crane,"  180. 
Italians  Lynched,  192. 
Inter-State  Commerce  Law,  215. 
Inventor  of  Sleeping  and  Parlor  Cars. 
271. 


332 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


Indiana,  290, 
Illinois.  290. 
Iowa,  295. 

Islands  of  Northwest  Territory,  299. 
Idaho,  300. 

Indian  Brave's  Name.  155. 
Internal  Revenue.  State  Paying  Most, 
185. 


Jefferson,  81. 86,  90,  91,  92,  104,  206,  207, 

208,  209,  211. 
Jackson,  96,  97,  108,  109, 110,  172,  174, 175, 

183,209,211. 
Jackson,  Stonewall,  137,  177,  178,  189, 

212,  213. 
Johnson,  Andrew,  142, 144, 147, 181,  212, 

213. 

Jasper,  Sergeant,  171. 
Jones,  Paul,  171. 188. 
"Josh  Billings."  189. 
Jackson  Equestrian  Statue,  193. 
Johnson,  Col.,  209. 
Joint  High  Commission, 214. 
"  Josiah.  The  First,"  224. 
"  Jingoism,"  274. 
Jamestown,  30,  31. 
Johnnies,  189. 


King  Philip,  33,  34,  35,  40,  55,  63,  200. 

K    Charles,  50, 201. 
Kane,  Elisha  Kent,  127, 128. 
Know-Nothing  Party,  131. 
Kearney,  177,  230. 
Kidd,  Capt.,  182. 
Key,  Francis  8.,  208. 
Knights  of  Labor,  215. 
Kentucky,  288. 
Kansas,  297. 

Nebraska  Bill,  297. 

Struggle,  297. 
Keystone  State,  43. 


Locke's  Grand  Model,  47. 

Last  Colony  of  America,  48. 

London,  63. 

La  Fayette,  100, 101, 178, 179,205,  209, 211. 

Latter  Day  Saints,  115.  302. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  137, 138, 142, 177, 179, 

186, 187, 188,  193,  212,  213,  214. 
Little  Giant,  147. 
Logan.  Mrs.  John  A.,  159, 216. 

Maj.-Gen.  John  A.,  160. 
Lee,  Gen.  kobt.  E..  163, 177, 190,  212. 
"Lowland  Beauty,"  170. 
Lee.  Chas..  172. 
Lincoln's  Monument,  179. 

Disguise,  186. 
Liberty  Bell,  186, 192. 
Livingston,  Robt.  R.,  188. 
Locke,  202. 
Lelsler.  202. 
Lawrence,  Cant.,  208. 
Last  Spike  and  Tie  In  U.  P.  Railway,  215. 
IJngg,  Louis,  216. 


"  Light  Horse  Harry,"  230. 

"  Loco  Focus,"  223. 

Lincoln's  Address  at  Gettysburg,  231. 

Monument,  Cost  of,  253. 
Lost  Child  of  America,  255. 
Louisiana,  289. 
Lightning-rod,  82. 
Locke,  D.  R.,  244. 
Locomotive,  First,  175. 
Longfellow,  257. 
Loomis,  Harvey,  227. 


Mt.  Hope  Bay.  10. 
Magellan,  21,  26,  31,  186. 
Melendez,  22,  26. 
Minuit,  39,  56. 
Mason,  John,  50. 
Mather,  Cotton,  55. 
Montague,  Col.,  65. 
Madison,  96,  98. 
Monroe,  100,  102,  208,  209. 

Doctrine,  101. 
Mann,  Horace,  112,  209. 
Mohicans,  Who  Last  of,  112. 
Mormons,  115,  291. 
Mill  Boy  of  the  Slashes,  115. 
Missouri  Compromise.  120. 
Murphy  Movement,  151. 
McClellan,  George  B.,  160. 
Mandeville,  Sir  John,  169,  218. 
"  Marshall  Forritz,"  170. 
Marion,  172. 

Mother  of  Presidents,  175. 
May,  Capt.,  176,  229. 
Moore,  Col.,  178. 
Morgan,  John  H.,  178. 
Monroe's  Soul.  What  Said  of,  180, 
Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,  181. 
Men  Called  During  Rebellion,  183. 
Mountain  Meadow's  Massacre,  183. 
Muler,  Waldsee,  21,  195. 
Miantonomo,  199. 
Mason,  rapt.,  200. 
Miller,  Cant..  208. 
McCormick,  Cyrus,  209. 
Monitor,  214. 

Means  of  Getting  Money  to  People,  217. 
Marion,  Francis,  221. 
Mound  Builders,  234. 
Minority  Representation,  246. 
Mormon  Temple,  267. 
McKinley  Act,  273. 
Mississippi,  290. 
Maine,  291. 
Missouri,  292. 
Michigan,  293. 
Minnesota,  296. 
Montana,  300. 
Manhattan  Island,  39. 
Marcy,  W.  L.,223. 
Marshall,  Judge,  224. 
Maryland,  45. 
Mason.  Capt..  200. 
Mills,  S.  J.,  227. 
Mints  in  United  States,  240. 
Minute  Men,  66. 
Meteoric  Shower,  246. 


INDEX. 


333 


Money,  First  Coined  in  Colonies,  63. 
Monterey,  120. 


Newfoundland,  10. 

Nova  Scotia.  10. 

Nasby,  Petroleum  V.,  184. 

National  Soldiers'  Home,  317. 

"No  Flint  General,"  218. 

Navy  Yards,  263. 

Northwestern  Territory,  289. 

North  Carolina,  295. 

North  Wonderland,  297. 

Nevada,  298. 

Nebraska,  298. 

North  Dakota,  299. 

New  Mexico,  301. 

Names  and  Mottoes  of  States,  308. 

National  Election,  91. 

Negroes,  31. 

Newton,  Mary,  233. 

Noces,  John  H.,  260. 

Nullilication,  109. 


Old  King  John,  12. 

Oglethorpe,  James,  49,  58. 

"OU  Put,"  69, 192. 

Otis,  James.  74. 

11  Old  Rough  and  Ready,"  120 

Omnibus  Bill,  123. 

"  O-grab-me  Act,"  173. 

"  Old  Tippeoanoe,"  176. 

"Old  Bui  ion,"  181. 

"Old  Public  Functionary,"  181. 

O.K.,  Origin  of.  188. 

"Old  Abe?>  (War  Eagle),  188. 

Old  Oaken  Bucket,  190. 

Oneida  Community,  190. 

"  Old  Bob,"  253. 

Ohio,  289. 

Oregon,  296. 

Oklahoma,  304. 

Origin  Names  of  States,  305. 

Old  Hickory,  108. 

Otis,  Samuel  A.,  223. 


Period  of  Discovery,  11. 
Settlement,  11. 
Pocahontas,  31, 53, 209. 
Powhatan,  40. 

Penn,  William,  43,  50, 57, 201. 
Pontiac's  Conspiracy,  63. 
Pitcairn,  Maj.,69. 
Putnam,  Israel,  80  205. 
Pike,  Gen.,  96. 
Perry.  97, 174. 
"  Patriot  War,"  112. 
Polk,  Jas.  K..  122, 176,  210. 
Pierce,  Franklin,  127, 129. 
"  Prince  of  American  Letters,"  130. 
Prescott,  Gen.,  169. 
Proctor,  174. 
Preston,  177. 


Puritan  Sabbath  179,284. 

Payne,  John  Howard,  187. 

Parley,  Peter,  188. 

Pullman,  Strike,  194,  274. 

Price,  Mary,  206. 

Plnckney,  Charles  C.,  207, 

Pugh,  Isaac  C.,  210. 

Prltchard,  Col.  B.  D.,  213. 

Public  Debt,  254. 

Portraits  on  Stamps,  258. 

President's  Flag,  258. 

President,  Which  Married  Same  Lady 

Twice,  112. 

Post-office  Origin,  264. 
Printing  Office,  Largest,  264. 
Presidents,  Burial  Places  of,  268. 
Putuam,  Gen.  Rufus,  289. 
Pogue,  John,  290. 
Pensioners,  Poll  Tax,  182. 
Penitentiaries,    Greatest   Number   in 

State.  185. 
Pacific  R.  R.,  147. 
Parishes  Instead  Counties,  189. 
Pensioners  In  Penitentiary,  182. 
Plymouth  Colony,  34. 
Popular  Vote,  191. 
President,  What  City  Does  Not  Vote 

For,  63. 

President,  Message  of,  37. 
Wealthiest,  183. 
Presidential  Commission,  182. 
President,  What  Title  Can  Claim,  211, 

128. 


Quaker  Gun.  45. 
Quincy,  Josiah,  174. 
Quakers,  63. 
Quasi  War,  86. 

R 

Raleigh,  31, 185, 197. 
Revere,  Paul,  70, 72. 
Rittenhouse,  David,  77, 
Reprisal  Act.  97. 

Randolph.  John,  of  Roanoke,  112, 173. 
"  Rock  of  Chickamauga,"  137. 
Resumption  of  Specie  Payment,  159. 
Russia,  Emperor  of,  173. 
"Rail  Splitter,"  181. 
"  Rousing  Gospel  Preacher."  222. 
Rhode  Island,  Capitals  of,  250. 
Revels,  H.  R.,  273. 
Reviews,  276. 
Republicans,  230,  242, 243. 
Reaping  Machine,  108. 
Resaca  de  la  Palma,  176. 
Rhode  Island,  186, 250. 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop,  First  in  United 

States,  171. 
Root,  Geo.  F..  239. 
Ross,  Charlie.  255. 

Hon.  George,  247. 

Mrs.,  186,  247. 


Suorrl,  10, 234. 
Santa  Maria,  12, 41. 


334 


UNITED    STATES    HISTORY. 


Stamiish.  Miles.  54.  200. 

Smith.  Capt.  John,  31,  38,  40,  52, 121,200. 

Stuyvesant.  Peter,  67. 200. 

Sons  of  Liberty,  65. 

Sherman.  Roger,  79. 

Sage  of  Monticello.  90. 

Star-Spangled  Banner,  97, 185. 

Santa  Anna,  108, 123, 183. 

-Silent  Man,"  112. 

Scott.  Gen.  Winfleld,  120, 137, 174, 193. 

Sutler.  Capt..  120. 

Smithsonian  Institute.  120. 

Sherman's  March  to  the  Sea,  137. 

Sumner,  Chas.,  146. 

"Sage of  Chappaqua,"  147. 

Seymour,  Horatio,  160. 

Sheridan,  Gen.  P.  H.,  160. 

Slocumb,  Lieut.,  172. 

Sweet.  Aune  Symmes,  176. 

Sedgwick,  178. 

"Swing  Around  the  Circle,"  17s. 

"  Sir  Jack  Bragg,"  180 

"  Salt  River,"  181. 

Surratt,  Mrs.,  182. 

Seward,  W.  H..  187. 

Sage  of  Mentor,  189. 

Salvation  Army,  193, 270. 

Semmes.  Capt.  Raphael.  193. 

Sandys.  197. 

Sloughter,  Gov.,  202. 

Steele,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  207. 

Smith,  Joseph,  210. 

Smithson,  James.  210. 

Stephens,  A.  H.,  212. 

Snerman,  W.  T..  212. 

Simps  in.  Matthew,  213. 

"  stourbridge  Lion,"  228. 

"Silver  Grays," 230. 

Salary  of  President,  23:;. 

"  Sucker,"  238. 

Slaves,  Authority  for  Freeing,  240. 

st ar-s  and  Bars.  242. 

Slavery  Abolished  in  States,  242. 

Shooting  Stars,  246. 

Seal  of  United  States,  248. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus,  252. 

Slaves,   Importation  of,  Abolished,  256. 

State  of  Franklin.  288. 

St.  Augustine.  197. 

St.  Loin's  Bridge.  50. 

Steamboat,  First  to  Cross  Atlantic,  100, 

Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher.  230. 

Sabbath.  Puritan,  179. 

Santa  Claus,  61. 

Schenectady,  60. 

Scott.  Dred,  130. 

Sea  Kings.  37. 

Secession,  War  of,  137. 

Secret  Society.  First  in  United  States, 

246. 

Sermon,  Length  of  in  New  England,  101. 
Sexton,  Duties  of  in  Puritan  Church,  61. 
Sieves,  How  Manufactured  by  Settlers. 

70. 

Slavery—  Slaves.  49, 61, 130, 183, 188,  242. 
Snow  Shoes.  203. 
Speedwell,  69. 
Stamps,  Color  of.  6& 


Stamps,  Portraits  on,  258. 
Star  Route,  155. 
Star  of  the  West,  212. 


Thorwald.  10. 

Thorstein,  10. 

Thorfinn,  10. 

Thorvard,  10. 

Trust  of  Georgia,  49. 

Tecumseh,  97. 109, 173, 174. 

Tyler,  John  117,  210. 

Taylor,  120. 121, 123, 125, 173, 177, 210. 

Tatiey,  Judge,  130. 

The  Rail  Splitter.  137. 

"Tanner  President,"  151. 

Tilden,  Samuel  J.,  160. 

Tryon,  Gov.,  169. 

Trade  Acts,  179. 

Thanksgiving  Proclamation,  The  First, 

184. 

Triana.  Rndrigro.  195. 
Thomas,  Gen..  212. 
Theory  as  to  Colors.  233. 
Territory,  How  Admitted.  J43. 

Govt.  of,  247. 
Telautograph,  267. 
Tonnes-  ee.  288. 
Texas,  294. 

The  Three  Witnesses,  302. 
Trees.  Celebrated  in  the  United  States 

History.  179. 
Tea,  66.  204. 

Party,  66. 

Telejrram.  First  Dispatch,  115. 
Testament  for  Blind,  108. 
Texel,  188. 
Thorpe,  Rose,  257. 
Tippeeanoe,  176. 
Tobacco,  61,200. 
Tomahawk,  Right,  70. 
Tomato,  Called  What,  104. 


"Uncle  Sam,"  181. 

Union  Saved  Three  Times.  186. 

Uncas.  199,  209. 

Urim  and  Thummim,  295. 

Utah,  301. 

Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.  177. 

United  States  Capitals,  178. 

Seal  of,  179. 

Out  of  Debt.  188. 
Union  Pacific  R.  R..  147,  243. 


Virginia  Readjusters,  31. 
Vespucci.  12, 20, 195. 
Verrozano,  22,  31,  35. 
Van  Buren.  Martin.  114. 
Vermont,  History  of,  287. 

W 

Washlngtonians,  112. 
Wood.  Jethro,  104. 
Whiskey  Insurrection,  91. 


INDEX. 


335 


Whitney,  Eli,  82. 

Wingtteld,  30. 

Williams,  Roger,  36, 37.  38,  55,  113, 198, 

203. 

Wall  Street,  Why  So  Called,  39. 
Wesley,  John,  49. 

Charles,  49. 
Winthrop,  John,  54. 
Wolfe,  63,  71. 
Warren ,  Joseph,  74. 
Washington,  82.  84,  91, 104, 105, 109,  170, 

173.  188.  190,  192,  205.  206,  207. 
Webster.  Daniel,  123,210. 
Walker.  128. 

Waite,  Chief  Justice,  M.  R.,  160. 
"Wagoner  Boy,"  181. 
Western  Reserve,  181, 184. 
"  White  House,"  181, 182, 187, 191. 
Wirz,  181. 

Webster's  Death,  Cause  of,  184. 
Women  Never  Sold  in  Virginia,  97. 
Wadsworth.Capt.,  200. 
Writs  of  Assistance,  204. 
White  Chief  With  Yellow  Hair,  217. 
Whitall,  Anna,  Quakeress,  218. 
West  Virginia,  233. 
Wine  at  White  House,  240. 
Washington's  Estate,  Value  of,  241. 


Washington's  Cabinet,  247. 
Willard,  Mrs.  Emma,  273. 
Walker  Tariff  Act,  273. 
Wisconsin,  295. 
West  Virginia.  297. 
Washington  (State  of),  299. 
Wyomiug,  300. 
Washington  City,  304. 
Wade,  Ben].  F.,239. 
Wall  Street.  N.  Y.,  39. 
Walker,  Felix,  236. 
Washburn,  E.  B,,  256. 
Wayne,  Gen.,  151. 
West  Point,  184. 
Whigs,  112. 

Whittier,  John  G.,  229. 
Wilson,  Samuel,  238. 
Henry,  232. 

Wilderness,  Palace  In,  193. 
Witchcraft,  34,  36, 


Yankee,  Why  So  Called,  38. 
York,  Duke  of,  FO. 
Young  Hickory,  120. 
"Young  Napoleon,"  177. 
Yorktown  Monument,  259. 


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